US2963393A - Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing - Google Patents

Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2963393A
US2963393A US593401A US59340156A US2963393A US 2963393 A US2963393 A US 2963393A US 593401 A US593401 A US 593401A US 59340156 A US59340156 A US 59340156A US 2963393 A US2963393 A US 2963393A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lapping
printing
fabric
pressure
plies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US593401A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alec W Niconchuk
William C Ross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co
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WR Grace and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE556985D priority Critical patent/BE556985A/xx
Application filed by WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co
Priority to US593401A priority patent/US2963393A/en
Priority to GB3670/57A priority patent/GB812495A/en
Priority to FR1174348D priority patent/FR1174348A/fr
Priority to DEG22365A priority patent/DE1108650B/de
Priority to CH359425D priority patent/CH359425A/de
Priority to NL218416A priority patent/NL107655C/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2963393A publication Critical patent/US2963393A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N10/00—Blankets or like coverings; Coverings for wipers for intaglio printing
    • B41N10/02—Blanket structure
    • B41N10/04—Blanket structure multi-layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/909—Resilient layer, e.g. printer's blanket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/322—Warp differs from weft
    • Y10T442/3228—Materials differ

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new form of lapping material specifically designed for use with cylinder printing machines such as those commonly used for printing textiles.
  • this invention relates to a laminated lapping element comprising a plurality of plies of a resilient, woven textile fabric which plies are joined together by interply layersof a rubbery material.
  • the basic elements of a cylindric printing machine consist of a large, smooth cylinder and one or more small rollers, each arranged on an axis parallel to that of the cylinder and about the periphery of the cylinder.
  • the impression to be printed is carried on the surface of the rolls usually in the form of an engraving, and normally there is a separate print roll for each color to be printed.
  • the cloth to which the printing impressfon is to be applied passes around the cylinder beneath the rollers.
  • certain auxiliary equipment such as the drive mechanism. color feed, and the like, which although essential for the operation of the printing range, do not enter into the present invention.
  • Printing on cloth presents certain problems because of the inherently open and flexible structure of the cloth.
  • the intensity of the color deposited on the cloth depends to a large degree upon the quantity of color applied and the extent to which this color penetrates the cloth. With a given engraving, both the quantity of color and the depth to which the color penetrates are to a large degree a function of the pressure exerted upon the cloth by the print roller.
  • a second layer of cloth known as the backgrey
  • the function ofthe backgrey is to absorbany excess color which may'pass through the layer of cloth to which the color is applied, thereby preventing ofiset.
  • a printing blanket is passed through the printing machine and around the cylinder directly beneath the backgrey.
  • One function of the printing blanket is to provide a uniform support for the cloth while it is being printed.
  • the backgrey and the printing blanket may be combined in a single structure known as a wash blanket, such as that disclosed in US. Patent 2,436,761 or in U.S. Patent 2,723,932.
  • the surface of the cylinder is wrapped with several thicknesses of a special, highly resilient fabric known as lapping.
  • the function of the lapping is to provide a resilient base for the printing.
  • a proper degree of resiliency is an important factor to the successful operation of a textile printing machine.
  • the quality of the printed impression is dependent to a large degree upon the pressure with which the print roller presses on the cloth. Since, to make a satisfactory impression, the color must be driven into the cloth to some depth.
  • textile printingat least on a cylinder machine- is always conducted with a considerable pressure exerted between the print rollers and ice the cloth. This pressure is achieved by forcing each print roller toward the cylinder by means of a jacking mechanism. In certain instances, this jacking mechanism may be hydraulic or may be spring-loaded, but most usually it is an ordinary screw jack arrangement.
  • the printing machine relative to any single print roller consists of'two cylinders with parallel axes set apart at a fixed distance. In order to exert any pressure on the cloth, this distance, at'the point of closest approach of the two cylinders, must be less than the aggregate thickness of the layer of material passing between the two cylinders.
  • the actual pressure exerted upon the cloth becomes an extremely critical function of the variation .in thickness of the material in the bite and'of the variation in radii of the two cylinders. Without the lapping, a decrease in the thickness of the bite dueto a slight degree of out-of-roundness of either cylinder, pro? vided the thickness of the material passing throughthe bite remains constant, could be relieved only by the deflection of one of the cylinders. The point pressure exerted upon the cloth under such circumstances would increase to that required to cause this deflection. The same result would be obtained if the thickness of the material passing through the bite between the two cylinders wereto increase. This could occur duetoaslub, for example, in the. cloth or the backgrey, to a variation in thickness or density of the blanket, or more drastically, to a hard scrimp or a foldover passing through the bite.
  • Lapping is equally necessary when a pressure-loaded (e.g., a hydraulic actuated or a spring-loaded) jacking mechanism is used. Most of the thickness variation in material passing through the bite between the print roller and the print cylinder occurs only over a minor portion of the full width of the cloth. Since the function of such a jacking arrangement is to relieve overpressure by permitting the print roller to move, a slub in the fabric would cause a light streak across a significant portion of the width of the fabric if lapping were not to be used.
  • a pressure-loaded e.g., a hydraulic actuated or a spring-loaded
  • the lapping fabric In addition to the loss of resiliency, the lapping fabric, even in spite of the attempt to make it as dimensionally stable as possible in the warp direction, continually stretches during use. This may require that the lapping be rewound about the cylinder from time to time. Winding and rewinding is an expensive operation, since it is time consuming and it puts the printing machine out of operation for the time.
  • Figure l is a diagrammatic view of a printing machine showing particularly the relation of our lapping element to the conventional parts of such a machine
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic cross section of our lapping element
  • Figure 3 is a chart showing the relation between compressibility and pressure of our lapping element and showing particularly the upper and lower limits of this relation.
  • the printing cylinder is represented at 11 and the printing rollers are represented by the numbers 12.
  • the ink supply and the ink pan for each printing roller 12 are represented by the numbers 13 and 14, respectively.
  • the textile to be printed is represented by 1.5, the wash blanket by 16, and the lapping element by 17.
  • the lapping element 17 passes around printing cylinder 11 and around idler roll 18.
  • Idler roll 18 is adjustable by conventional means (not shown) relative to the axis of printing cylinder 11.
  • Guide rollers for cloth 15, wash blanket 16, and lapping element 17 are indicated at 19, 20, and 21, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 A cross section of a typical lapping element 17 according to this invention is shown in Figure 2.
  • the lapping element is manufactured in the following manner.
  • the lapping material 22 is selected from conventional lapping materials on the basis that it exhibits the following properties:
  • a fabric of this general nature which we have been able to employ with great success is a plain twill lapping fabric supplied by E. H. Best & Co. This is a cotton and wool plain twill weave having cotton in the warp and wool in the fill. On a total weight basis it is 60% cotton and 40% wool. The thread count is 54 in the warp and 34 in the fill, using a 10/3 thread in the warp. The weight is 1.05 pounds per square yard with a thickness (overall) of 0.038 to 0.040 inch.
  • Neoprene latex (#571) 415 Wetting agent (Emulphor OH) 2.1 Sodium silicate 3.3
  • Ball mill batch 112 Methylcellulose 8.3 Anti-foam agent 0.1 Water 777 This composition is prepared in the normal manner in the liquid phase.
  • the ball mill batch referred to is prepared by mixing the following ingredients in a ball mill according to conventional practice until a smooth dispersion results:
  • Zinc oxide 90 Antioxidant (Agerite powder) 36 Retarder (Altax) 18 Calcium carbonate 90 Iron oxide, pigment grade 4.5 Dispersing agent (Daxad 11) 4.5 Bentonite clay 2.5 Water- 195.5
  • a thin coating of this composition is spread coated on each side of each ply of lapping fabric with the exception of the two outside plies.
  • the composition deposited on the surface of the lapping fabric is thoroughly dried to remove the liquid content of the composition, which of course in this case is water.
  • the dried film of this particular composition has a density of approximately 86 pounds per cubic foot, this quantity of compound results in a film, assuming the composition to be spread on a plane surface of between 0.005" and 0.015" and preferably between about 0.007" and 0.010" thick. For comparison, 50 pounds per 100 square yards corresponds to a thickness of 0.0077" and 60 pounds to 0.0094". Should a different composition be used, the quantity applied should be adjusted to obtain a film of corresponding thickness.
  • the film of rubbery interply material does not lie in a plane surface but rather follows generally the irregular surface configuration of the coarse lapping fabric, providing, however, a substantially continuous coating over the entire surface of the lapping fabric.
  • each ply is assembled.
  • the assembled plies are then subjected to a limited degree of pressure in a conventional press to form a consolidated laminate.
  • Typical conditions for this press curing step include a platen temperature of 320 F a pressure of 20-25 pounds per square inch gauge, and a time of 20 minutes.
  • the laminated lapping element is then ready for use. As disclosed above, we prefer to have this lapping element pass around print cylinder 11 and around idler roll 18. Idler roll 18 is adjustable relative to print cylinder 11 in order that the lapping may be retained under ten sion at all times. While it is preferable to place the laminated lapping element directly in contact with the surface of print cylinder 11, such elements have lbeen'installed where the surface of print cylinder 11 retains a plurality of windings of used and hardened lapping fabrics with satisfactory results.
  • a suitable lapping element under the conditions outlined above. They are: (a) the number of plies, (b) the thickness of the film of interply coating composition deposited upon each ply, and (c) the pressure under which the lamina tion is carried out. The other conditions being equal, the overall resilience of the lapping element is directly proportional to the number of plies in the element.
  • a laminated lapping element having six plies of the lapping fabric described above is suitable for general printing conditions. This being so, the following discussion is all relative to such a structure.
  • results achieved in any particular case can be varied by varying the number of plies of lapping fabric and that if the number of plies is varied, the actual results obtained can be expected to be in direct proportion to the number of plies actually'employed as compared to six.
  • the second variable, the thickness of the film of the interply laminating composition has been explained in some detail above.
  • a film having a thickness less than that of the preferred range of 7-10 mils generally results in the loss of interply adhesion until at below about 5 mils this adhesion is reduced to a point wherein a lapping 1 element results which is liable to delaminate under printing pressures.
  • the third factor, the laminating pressure, is perhaps the most important. It is the pressure that is the prime factor within the limits outlined above in establishing the compactness or density of the laminates and hence the resilience or compressibility of the laminates under varying degrees of pressure.
  • the several plies of lapping fabric remain resilient. Therefore, the reduction in the thickness'of the unconsolidated laminate during consolidation is a direct function of the laminating pressure. Thickness is easier to control than pressure at the low pressure necessary to construct a suitable laminate. Therefore, we prefer in commercial practice to control the thickness by using incompressible side packs, or other equivalent means to limit the maximum approach of the platens of the press. When side packs are used, the pressure becomes unimportant, of course, except that the pressure must be at least equal to that which would result in the desired thickness were the side packs not used.
  • the sample of lapping element was placed upon the bottom platen of a normal two-platen flat bed press.
  • a section of a conventional rubber-faced textile wash blanket was placed above the lapping element sample.
  • a piece of carbon paper with its carbon surface facing upward was placed on top of the wash blanket and a piece of white paper was placed on top of the carbon paper.
  • a small piece of masking tape in either single or double thickness was placed on the under side of the wash blanket adjacent to the sample of lapping element.
  • the masking tape had a thickness of 0.007, and therefore, the double thickness of masking tape had a thickness of 0.014".
  • Sample 4 which was consolidated at a pressure of 89 pounds per square inch, represents about the least amount of compressibility that would be expected to be satisfactory in an actual printing operation.
  • a thickness variation at the nip of 0.014 is more severe than would normally be expected in an actual printing operation, whereas a thickness variation up to about 0.007 inch is difiicult to eliminate.
  • the range of compressibility represented by Sample 1, which was cured at 22 pounds per square inch, would appear to be about the maximum compressibility that would have any general utility, although lapping elements having a greater degree of softness might be useful for the lighter printing pressure conditions.
  • FIG. 3 A comparison of the compression characteristics at various pressures of the two extremes is shown in Figure 3.
  • the compression characteristics of Sample 1 are shown in curve A, and the compression characteristics of Sample 4 are shown in curve B.
  • Intermediate laminating pressures between those of Sample 1 and Sample 4 result in compression characteristics between curve A and curve B on Figure 3, as might be expected.
  • the compressibility curves at various pressures of lapping elements laminated at intermediate pressures all have similar characteristics to curves A and B. We prefer to construct our lapping element, if it is intended to be used over a wide range of printing conditions, under conditions which result in the compression characteristics more like those of curve A than curve B.
  • the lapping element In the range of laminating pressures between and including the pressures used to laminate Sample 1 (curve A) and Sample 4 (curve B), the lapping element has a very interesting structure.
  • lapping fabric preferably is woven so that the warp yarns are essentially straight and so that the thickness of the fabric is achieved by the resulting distortion of the fill yarns. Examination of lapping elements Within the preferred range reveals that substantially all of the bond between plies occurs between adjoining fill yarns and that substantially none of the bond between plies occurs between warp yarns.
  • the bond appears as columns of the rubbery interply layer surrounded by air spaces or unbonded areas if the plies are forcibly separated.
  • the interply layer does not appear to be continuous but rather is discontinuous with areas of bond surrounded by areas in which there is no bond and probably not even any contact between adjoining portions of the interply layer deposited upon each ply.
  • An increase in laminating pressure results in an increase of the area of bond and a proportionate decrease in the area of no bond between each ply until above about the laminating pressure represented by curve B (e.g., 89 pounds per square inch) the areas without bond become substantially less than the areas of bond and a substantial proportion of direct bonding between the warp yarns of adjoining plies occurs. Bonding between the warp yarns of adjoining plies apparently limits the degree of recovery of the laminate after lamination and hence limits the degree of compressibility remaining in the laminate.
  • Laminated lapping elements which have been in use for at least twice the normal expected life of normal lapping show no change in impression characteristics (i.e., resiliency) other than that which might be anticipated due to the loss in thickness caused solely by the wear of the surface plies.
  • a single laminated lapping element can be employed satisfactorily to print under a wide range of varying printing conditions, including difierent patterns, different fabrics, different engravings, difierent printing pressures, and may be so employed without concern for sequence. For example, a pattern requiring a light set may follow a pattern requiring a heavy set on a given printing machine without any effect on the quality.
  • a single laminated lapping element can be used to print a succession of difierent widths of cloth using corre- 10 spondingly diiferent widths of print rollers in any succession without difliculty.
  • a laminated, resilient structure having a controlled degree of compressibility and suitable for use as a lapping element in textile printing comprising a plurality of plies of a resilient, woven, unnapped cotton textile fabric having resilient wool filling yarns, and wherein the resilience of the structure is supplied essentially by the wool filling yarns, said filling yarns defining spaced apices over the surface of said plies, said plies being bonded together by an interply layer of a rubbery material between each ply, wherein the major portion of bonding secured by the interply layer between adjacent textile plies having alternate converging and diverging apices is between the aligned converging apices of the filling yarns of adjoining surfaces of the adjoining textile plies, and the minor portion of bonding is between the warp yarns of adjoining textile plies.

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  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US593401A 1956-06-25 1956-06-25 Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing Expired - Lifetime US2963393A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE556985D BE556985A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-06-25
US593401A US2963393A (en) 1956-06-25 1956-06-25 Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing
GB3670/57A GB812495A (en) 1956-06-25 1957-02-01 Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing
FR1174348D FR1174348A (fr) 1956-06-25 1957-04-24 élément de revêtement élastique pour l'impression des textiles
DEG22365A DE1108650B (de) 1956-06-25 1957-06-24 Unterlegtuch fuer den Textildruck sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CH359425D CH359425A (de) 1956-06-25 1957-06-25 Mehrschichtiges, elastisches Unterlegtuch für Walzendruckmaschinen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
NL218416A NL107655C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-06-25 1957-06-25

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US593401A US2963393A (en) 1956-06-25 1956-06-25 Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing

Publications (1)

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US2963393A true US2963393A (en) 1960-12-06

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US593401A Expired - Lifetime US2963393A (en) 1956-06-25 1956-06-25 Resilient lapping element especially adapted for use in textile printing

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US (1) US2963393A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE556985A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH359425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1108650B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1174348A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB812495A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL107655C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1639218A (en) * 1924-06-16 1927-08-16 Freres Koechlin Soc Process for printing upon textile fabrics
US2031013A (en) * 1934-06-08 1936-02-18 John C Standish Blanket
US2164499A (en) * 1936-06-29 1939-07-04 Harry L Bernstein Fabric
US2547220A (en) * 1948-05-01 1951-04-03 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Textile print blanket
US2723932A (en) * 1951-03-13 1955-11-15 Grace W R & Co Textile print wash blanket and method of making same
US2743206A (en) * 1950-01-27 1956-04-24 Grace W R & Co Textile print wash blanket

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2232664A (en) * 1936-07-11 1941-02-18 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Printing blanket
AT181263B (de) * 1948-12-23 1955-03-10 Eddystone Mfg Company Rückauflage für Warenbahnen bei Textildruckmaschinen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1639218A (en) * 1924-06-16 1927-08-16 Freres Koechlin Soc Process for printing upon textile fabrics
US2031013A (en) * 1934-06-08 1936-02-18 John C Standish Blanket
US2164499A (en) * 1936-06-29 1939-07-04 Harry L Bernstein Fabric
US2547220A (en) * 1948-05-01 1951-04-03 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Textile print blanket
US2743206A (en) * 1950-01-27 1956-04-24 Grace W R & Co Textile print wash blanket
US2723932A (en) * 1951-03-13 1955-11-15 Grace W R & Co Textile print wash blanket and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1108650B (de) 1961-06-15
GB812495A (en) 1959-04-29
NL107655C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-03-16
BE556985A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
FR1174348A (fr) 1959-03-10
CH359425A (de) 1962-01-15

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