US2960443A - Temporary hair coloring composition - Google Patents

Description

TEMPORARY HAIR COLORING COMPOSITION Philip F. Rosmarin, New York, N.Y., assignor to John H. Breck, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

No Drawing. Filed Oct. 11, 1956, Ser. No. 615,252

4 Claims. (Cl. 167--88) and to improved compositions and processes for such.

purpose.

A number of the presently available dyestuffs and other color modifying materials have certain disadvantageswhich limit the desirability of their use. They will stain the hair but the resulting colors are textile-type colors which are notoriously undesirable for human hair. Furthermore, these dye-stuffs, once applied, are difficult to rem In some instances, the color is absorbed permanently by the hair.

I here are few available dyes that will aflix themselves to human hair satisfactorily and yet in such manner as to be easily removed therefrom at will.

Therehas been and is a scarcity of dyes which are satisfactory, by themselves, or in combination, for cosmetic purposes where artistic toning or background shading is so obviously important.

The paucity of dyestuffs which will produce a satisfactory temporary coloring of human hair and the consumer demand for results in a large variety of shades have combined to present a difiicult problem in the cosmetic field where the ultimate in artistic and pleasing effects is the obvious desideratum.

Neither high temperatures nor toxic dyes can be prudently used for normal cosmetic purposes, further complimenting the problem of availability of a suitable coloring material.

Special mordanting processes have heretofore been employed for dyeing furs and wool, but they have seldom been used for dyeing human hair on the head. Such mordanting processes require the facilities and skills of expert cosmeticians.

In a true mordant, the dye is permanently impregnated on the fiber and has the capacity of successfully resisting shampooing or soap washing.

Permanent coloring on animal fibers or furs has been achieved, usually by using colors based on a paraphenyalenediamine dye in conjunction with mordants of metallic salts such as ferrous sulfate and potassium dichromate. These mordants are usually impregnated in and on the fibers in a separate procedure from the actual dyebath, by an immersion of the furs into the metal salt solution before or after the dyebath'.

Various other metallic salts used in this manner have included copper sulfate, iron, chromium, nickel, lead, bismuth, and the like. Most of these metallic salts are unsuitable for human, on-the-head hair coloring because of their toxicity and/or because of their objectionable reaction with other commonly used treatments on womens hair and/or because of their instability in a container. Iron reacts badly when it comes in contact with hair which has-been permanently waved. Copper gives a greening effect resulting in a dulling of the hair. Chromium, nickel and bismuth are particularly toxic.

Continued employment of these metals for coloring United States Patent human or animal hair promotes other serious dificulties. They are diflicultj to remove and they lead to color build-up" by reason of repeated coatings of the dye and the metal on the hair strands, all contributing to the objectionable end result of unsightly hair.

A disadvantage of the so-called acid type (usually citric, tartaric or maleic acid) temporary hair color rinses is their low'pH, usually between 2 and 3. Regular usage gradually etches out parts of the epicuticle, especially at the hair ends where exposure helps effect keratin damage. Too, such temporary colors gradually give a permanent stain to the etched hair ends which is diflicult, if not impossible, to remove. Thus, one application of color builds-up on and over the vestiges of previous stains on the hair, to make further applications uneven and difiicult to control.

Other temporary hair color rinses are not as low in pH, but rely on cream or lotion type materials to cause the color to adhere to the hair between shampoos. These are to be preferred to the objectionable acid type of rinse but they offer a serious disadvantage in that they possess a capacity for continued crocking, i.e., rubbing off of the color onto clothing, towels, bedding, brushes, and the like.

As a result, there has been a long felt need for selfapplied hair coloring compositions and processes capable of producing temporary colorations in a variety of pleasing, artistic, soft, shades complementing the beauty of the natural hair.

I have discovered that certain water soluble metal salts cause certain organic dye colors to adhere to human hair in such a way as to be readily removed therefrom by shampooing.

Such is very different from the known procedures of mordanting where the colors are permanently fixed to the hair.

The salts hereof may be applied to the hair, in conjunction with solutions of the organic dym, at temperatures which are tolerable to the scalp.

In this invention, new and novel results are obtained by means of a stable liquid solution of a temporary hair coloring. The mixture does not precipitate and remains as a stable solution or dispersion. The coloring is a temporary one, which can be applied evenly to all strands of the hair and wherein the need for compensation for ditferenees in fine and coarse hair or porous and nonporous hair is entirely obviated.

The coloring stays on the hair in a permanent manner until removal therefrom by means of shampooing or soap washing, when all traces of the coloring from the roots to the ends of the hair strands are completely washed ofi regardless of the condition of the hair.

Of special significance is the fact that the color of the hair obtained by means of this invention, and the ease of removal thereof, are the same, regardless of the physical condition of the hair.

Ordinarily, overbleached hair, overperm-anented hair, or otherwise swollen and degraded hair, is highly receptive to the application of color tints and dyes. Such normally must be specially diluted before application. Nevertheless, color will usually enter the degraded hair through the damaged epicuticle with the result that lodgment of the material within the hair shaft resists shampooing or other washing out so as to present a hazard to the subject and a problem to the operator. Such hazard is eliminated by the composition of this invention.

The coloring of this invention remains locked on the outside surface of the strands so that it is the more easily shampooed off, all as is desired.

By complete removal of the coloring through shampooing, the objectionable build up, which is the result of a plurality of successive applications of a rinse, is obviously obviated.

Another advantage of the formulation hereof is that of gray and white hair on the human head at comfortable normal room temperatures. (2) A fast adherence of the color to the hair between shampoos. (3) A complete removal of all color immediately upon washing with a shampoo or soap. (4) An absence of removal of the color with repeated washings where water alone is employed.

The invention envisions the use of a combination of two dyestuffs, namely, Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate and du Ponts Dark Brown #173, in direct mixture with an aluminum salt catalyst, such as aluminum sulfate or aluminum acetate.

One or the other of these dyes could be used alone, although optimum results have been obtained when the dyes have been used in combination.

The dyestuffs above referred to are manufactured for use in the high temperature permanent dyeing of textiles, Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate being commercially available.

The chemical formula of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate (Color Index #720) is as follows:

Cl C1 The chemical formula of du Ponts Dark Brown #173 is as follows:

coon on coon HO N=N COOH OH COOH QHPQ Aqueous solutions of aluminum salts, such as aluminum sulfate or aluminum acetate of the form known as Burows Solution, provide the chemical action so essential with this invention.

In this invention, the use of alcohol and solvents for dissolving the dyes before combining with the aqueous solution of the metallic salt is a prerequisite.

Broadly, the invention contemplates the production of solutions of alcohol soluble dyes which are combinable with an aqueous solution of the aluminum salt.

I have determined that aqueous solutions of the dyes when coming in contact with an aqueous solution of the salt bring about a precipitation which is accordingly unsuitable for the purpose of this invention.

The resultant product hereof, produced from the combination of a pair of alcohol soluble dyes with a water soluble metal salt, is a solution free of precipitate and and 4 which is stable against heat or cold, thus making it adaptable for the familiar conditions often encountered in commercial storage and shipment.

The chemical action is accelerated by the addition of the metal salt which performs the activity of temporarily bonding the color with the hair until such time as the hair is washed with soap or shampoo suds.

The salt presents admirable qualities over other metals in the concentrations preferably employed and does not react unfavorably with other hair treatments such as permanent waving. Its action here is different from that of a metallic mordant, in that the permanency of color here is limited to a period terminating with the shampooing or soap washing of the hair. Thus it is totally unlike a true mordant where the dye is permanently impregnated on the fiber regardless of shampooing or soap washing. 0

The metal salt has the capacity of toning the two colors, turning the brown to a violet tone and turning the blue to a bright blue tone with green highlights.

The salt acts as a catalyst which holds the two dyestutfs in combination on the hair by adsorption. In effect, it coats the hair.

The pH of the formulation is usually between 4.0 and 6.0 andis best at 4.5 to 5.0 which as is known is close to the pH of human skin.

The base color tone formed on white or gray hair, using this combined solution, is a pleasing silver gray or platinum pearl of light quality and with high luster. Other variations of the color may be obtained by varying the proportions of the ingredients of the combination.

The solution comprises two dyes, each of which is dissolved in alcohol.

The du Pont Dark Brown #173 is first damped down with Carbitol, which is a diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.

Each of the two dyestuffs is then dissolved in alcohol.

A measured portion of each alcoholdissolved dye is then added to a measured quantity of a 5% solution of a water dissolved metal salt. The salt can consist of a 5% aluminum acetate solution, or a 5% aluminum sulphate solution, or Burows Solution.

Such salts are all water soluble aluminum salts. Prior to the use thereof in this invention, they are dissolved in water so as to give an aqueous solution thereof. Similar results are obtained with each of these salts wherefore they are interchangeable. The Burows Solution is preferred for this invention, however.

The combined mixture of the two alcohol-dissolved dyes and a water dissolved metal salt is in a concentrated form. It is a clear solution free of any precipitate. Prior to application thereof to hair on the head, it is desirably diluted with water. Thus variable depths of color can be produced, which is a most desirable factor.

The color on gray/white hair is not affected or removed at all with warm or cold water washing. With shampoo or soap, however, it washes off entirely, leaving no trace thereof.

The preparation and use of the dyes according to the invention will now be described more in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are to be understood as being illustrative of the invention and not limitative thereof.

Example I mg. of Dark Brown #173 (wetted with the addition of 5 cc. of Carbitol) are dissolved in 75 cc. S.D. Alcohol 40. (Where a greater proportion of Bark Brown #173 is employed, the resulting color takes a direction toward a plum or purple.)

125 mg. of Pontachrome-Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate are dissolved in 25 cc. S.D. Alcohol 40. (Where a greater proportion of Pontachrorne Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate is used, the resulting color takes the d e io of a e e of 10 cc. of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR Solution.

After mixing, a temporary silver-gray or platinum color of various strengths is produced on white or gray hair by applying the solution with varying amounts of water.

Example II 125 mg. of Dark Brown #173 may be dissolved in cc. Carbitol and 75 cc. S.D. alcohol #40.

6 grams of P.V.P. are then dissolved in 35 cc. of Burows Solution and q.s. to make 50 cc. with Burows Solution.

To the 50 cc. of Burows Solution containing the P.V.P. 50 cc. of the Dark Brown #173 solution is added.

The solutions are mixed well together. Using a part of the solution with an equal part of water, the mixture is applied to white hair to produce a pale plum purple tone. The use of greater concentrations of this dye results in the color taking the direction of a plum or purple tone.

Example III 125 mg. of Pontachrome Azure Blue BR 200% concentrate is dissolved in 25 cc. S.D. alcohol #40.

6 grams of P.V.P. is dissolved in 35 cc. of Burows Solution, q.s. to make 50 cc. with Burows Solution.

To the 50 cc. Burows Solution containing P.V.P., 10 cc. of the Pontachrome Azure Blue Solution is added and mixed well.

Using a part of the solution with an equal part of water, the mixture is applied to white hair to produce a bright blue tone.

Examples II and IH are cited to demonstrate the color activity of this invention when only one of the two dyestufis concerned is employed.

The mixture in the case of each of Examples I, II and III is applied to the hair by rinsing, by brushing on, or by any other method which may be satisfactory to the user and/or operator.

The mixture is left on the hair for a period of several minutes. Best results have been obtained when the mixture was allowed to remain on the hair from between 3 and 5 minutes. No damage results, however, when and if the mixture is allowed to remain on the hair longer than for the recommended maximum time limit of 5 minutes. If not allowed to remain on'the hair for at least 2%: minutes, coloration will be incomplete.

The 'hair' is then rinsed with cold or warm water and is thereupon ready for setting.

As one desirable feature hereof, the mixture can be applied at any comfortable temperature. Normal room temperatures are ideal for the practise of the invention and the preparation'does not necessarily have to be hot or warm before optimum results can be obtained therewith.

Some of the available non-ionic surface-active agents may be used to provide easier application to the hair due to their wetting and softening qualities.

From the foregoing disclosure it will be recognized that the invention is susceptible of modification without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the specific illustrations thereof, which are herein set forth.

Having described my invention and the best manner of practising the new processes for forming the novel compositions hereof, without limiting myself to the order of steps of such processes recited, or to the proportions of parts employed therein, it is obvious that the order OH 0 ll mooc H; @0001 c in combination with an alcoholic solution of a dye represented by the formulae:

coon on coon and an aqueous solution of aluminum acetate.

2. The composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the aluminum acetate is a stabilized 5% solution. 3. A non-staining concentrate having an afiinity for keratinaceous fibrous material upon dilution with water for effecting the temporary coloration of hair comprisand ing a homogeneous solution of an alcoholic solution ofa dye represented by the formula:

on 0 ll NaOOC- cm $000M c and an alcoholic solution of a dye represented by the formulae:

in combination with an aqueous solution of aluminum acetate.

4. As a new composition of matter, a temporary hair coloring solution consisting essentially, of the following 2,960,448 7 8 ingredients, in approximately the proportions set forth, and all parts being by weight: a minimum of 10 parts of an 0005 03 000B alcoholic solution of a dye represented by the formula:

HO N=N NnOOC H: OH COONa H:

a minimum of 50 parts of an aqueous solution of alumi- 1o num acetate, and a minimum of 1260 parts of H 0. 0 v

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 15 2,338,746 Riper Jan. 11, 1944 a minimum of 45 parts of an alcoholic solution of a. dye 2775972 Blair 1957 represented by the formulae: OTHER REFERENCES c0011 OH CODE 1 I Knecht: Manual of Dyeing, 9th ed., vol. 2, 1945, H0 Mapleton House Pub Brooklyn, N.Y., pp. 788-9.

UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2360, 143 November 15 1960 Philip F. Rosmarin It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered petent requiring correctionend that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 1, line 17, for "improveemnts" read improvements lines 54 and 55, for. "paraphenyalenediamine" read paraphenylenediamine column l line- 68-, for "Bark" read'- Dark Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April 1962.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patel UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,360,443 November 15 1960 Philip E. .Rosmarin It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below. w

Column 1 line 17 for "improveemnts" read improvements lines 54 and 55, for. "paraphen-yalenediamine" read paraphenylenediamine ColumnAL- line -68 for Y'Barkf read' Dark Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April 1962,.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST w. .SWIDER DAVID L. LADD A t t e s t i ng Of f i C e P Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A STABLE LIQUID SOLUTION OF A TEMPORARY HAIR COLORING COMPRISING, AN ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF A DYE REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA: