US2949904A

US2949904A - Fuel injection pump

Info

Publication number: US2949904A
Authority: US
Inventors: Waldemar O Bischoff; Ignace J Daborowski
Original assignee: American Bosch Arma Corp
Current assignee: Ambac International Corp
Priority date: 1957-05-06
Filing date: 1957-05-06
Publication date: 1960-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 1977-08-23

Description

Aug. 23, 1960 w. o. BISCHOFF EIAL 2,949,904

FUEL INJECTION PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 6, 1957 INVENTORS. WALDEMAE O.BISCHQFF \GNACE; J DABO'EOWSKI ATTORNEY Aug. 23, 196 w. o. BISCHOFF EI'AL 2,949,

FUEL INJECTION PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 6, 1957 INVENTORS. \A/ALDE MAP 0. BISC HOFF' IGNACE. \J. DABOEOWSKI A TOP/V5 3 Unite States atcnt FUEL INJECTION PUMP Waldemar 0. Bischoif, Holyoke, and Ignace J. Dab'orowski, Springfield, Mass., assignors to American Bosch Arma Corporation, a corporation of New York Filed May 6, 1957, Ser. No. 657,159

9 Claims. (Cl. 123140) This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus and has particular reference to a new and improved form of such apparatus which is relatively simple in construction, yet efiicient in operation.

The principal object of the present invention is to pro vide a new and improved fuel injection apparatus having simplified and economical control means.

Another object is to provide a new and improved fuel injection apparatus of the type set forth having a relatively simple and economical governor arrangement.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of parts shown and described without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the accompanying claims, as the preferred form of the invention has been given by way of illustration only.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional view of a fuel injection apparatus embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 44 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout, the apparatus shown embodying the invention comprises a housing having a bore in which is mounted the rotary member or rotor 11.

The rotary member or rotor 11 has the drive end 12, the pumping portion 13 and the distributing portion 14.

The rotor 11 has the fuel passage 14a which is closed by the plug 15, which plug has the reduced extension portion 16 for reducing the working volume of the apparatus. If the fuel passage 14a were made substantially small, it would be possible to dispense with the reduced portion 16 of the plug 15.

The pumping portion 13 has the radial bore 17 in which is positioned the pumping pistons or plungers 18, between which is positioned the spring 19 for urging the pistons or plungers 18 outwardly on their suction stroke and the cam member 20 having opposed lobes 21 urges plungers inwardly on their pumping stroke.

Radial bore 17 communicates with fuel passage 14a and is adapted to receive fuel therefrom and to return the fuel to the fuel passage on the pumping stroke of the plungers 18.

The tappets 20a and rollers 21a are provided adjacent the ends of the pistons or plungers 18 for effecting the pumping stroke thereof.

Surrounding the pumping and distributing

portions

13 and 14 of the rotary member 11 is provided the tubular or cylindrical portion 22 of housing 10 and which is adapted to support the cam 20 in operative position relative to the pumping portion 13 and also to support the hydraulic head 23 having the threaded openings or outlets 24 adapted to receive fittings 24a, each of which is adapted to be connected to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

The hydraulic head 23 is provided with a series of inlets 25, one of which is provided for each of the engine cylinders to be supplied and fuel is adapted to be supplied to the pumping chamber by all of the inlets 25 simultaneously, and these inlet ports 25 each communicate with annular fuel sump 26 between the adjacent surfaces of hydraulic head 23 and the cylindrical casing 22.

The filling of fuel occurs during each suction stroke of the plunger and the inlet ports are closed off during the pumping stroke and injection.

Each of the outlets 24 is provided with a delivery port 27 communicating with the bore 28 in hydraulic head 23, and the periphery of the distributing portion 14 is provided with the distributing groove or slot 29 adapted to communicate with each of the outlet ports 27 successively upon rotation of the rotor and adapted to communicate at all times with delivery port 30 through annular ring 31. Delivery port 30 communicates with fuel passage 14a through delivery valve 32 and delivery or pressure port 33 in distributing portion 14 of rotor 11.

Fuel passage 14a is adapted to receive fuel from inlet ports 25 through each of the inlet or fuel supply ports 34 in the rotor, which communicate with the inlet ports 25.

The hydraulic head 23 is provided with a second or transverse bore 35 in which is positioned control plunger or piston 36 adapted to receive fuel from passage 14a through pressure or delivery port 33, which also communicates through annular groove 37 with port 36 through which fuel passes to bore 35.

The hydraulic head is also provided with a spill port 38 which communicates with spill ports 39 in rotor 11, which communicate with the radial bore 17 and each of the plungers 18 is provided with a peripheral groove or slot 4-6 for allowing the spilling of fuel from passage 14a to port 38, as hereinafter described.

Control piston or plunger 36 is adapted to be moved axially by fuel entering bore 35 through

ports

33 and 36a and such fuel engages the adjacent end surface of piston 36, which is then urged against the force of resilient means or spring 41 and the hydraulic force of fuel in the adjacent end of bore 35, which end communicates through control port 42 with the pump sump 26.

Control piston 36 is provided with the helical or angular end 43 adjacent control or bypass or spill port 42 whereby rotation of control piston 36 through shaft 4-4, which is connected to said piston 36 by eccentric 45, will control the amount of fluid or fuel that may pass from bore or cylinder 35 through port 42 to sump 26 and thereby control the amount of movement or displacement of control or displacement piston 36.

The passage or duct 58 is a vent line for returning any fuel leaking past the distributing portion 14 of the rotor, back to the fuel supply.

The adjustment of control piston 36 is controlled through the governor comprising the movable sleeve 46 on rotor 11 and which is adjusted along the rotor by the centrifugal weights 47 only one of which is shown, and pivoted lever 48 has an end 49 engaging said sleeve 46 whereupon movement of the sleeve 46, lever 48 is pivoted about its fixed pivot 50 and the end 51 of lever 48, which is connected to shaft 44 through lever 52, controls the position of the control piston 36.

For automatic control, the governor spring 53 is adjusted through adjustment of lever 54, to which one end of the spring is connected and which lever is adapted to be adjusted by movement of operating lever 55 externally of casing 10, whereupon shaft 56 and lever 54 are pivoted to adjust the tension on spring 53, which has an end 57 operatively connected to the lever 48 adjacent the end thereof 51 for adjusting the governor lever in the usual manner.

In operation of the device, when the pumping plungers or pistons 18 are moved inwardly by the lobes 21 of cam 20, low pressure fuel displaces control piston 36 against spring 41 until the metering port 42 is closed off by the adjacent end of piston 36. When this metering port 42 is closed, as stated above, that portion of bore 35 containing spring 43 and fuel develops a hydraulic lock stopping any further movement of control piston 36.

Further movement of the pumping plungers or pistons l8 develops high pressure fuel which is then forced through port 33 and annular groove 37 through the delivery valve 32 through port 3% and distributing groove or slot 29 to each of the outlets 24 successively upon rotation of the distributor.

The end of the effective stroke of the plungers is fixed or controlled by spill port 39, to which fuel passes from passageway 14a through groove 40 on the pistons or plungers l8 and annular groove 3801.

On the suction stroke of the pistons or plungers 18, the fuel originally used to displace the control piston 36 is now sucked back through passage 37 by the plungers 18 into passage 14a. This suction of the pumping plungers, plus the force of spring 41, returns the control piston 36 back to its normal position engaging the stop 36]).

Rotation of the control piston 36, as stated above, changes the relationship of the metering edge 43 tothe control port 42, thereby changing the amount of travel for the control piston 36, and the farther the control piston travels away from port 36a the more fuel is required for displacement of the control piston 36 and a lesser amount is left for injection.

It will be seen that with the present invention, the beginning of injection may be varied by varying the position of the control plunger, whereas the injection has a fixed ending through the movement of pistons or plungers 18 into a position where fuel is spilled into spill port 38.

From the foregoing it will be seen that we have provided new and improved means for obtaining all of the objects and advantages of the invention.

We claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore, said outlets being adapted to supply fuel to the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means connected to said fuel quantity control piston for adjusting the position of said piston in said second bore whereby the position of said control piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, said displacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spill port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said spill port.

2. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, adjustable means'connected to said fuel quantity control displacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, and fuel distributing means communicating with and adapted to receive fuel from said fuel passage and distribute such fuel to each of said outlets successively, said displacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spill port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said spill port.

3. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means connected to said fuel quantity control piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, and a fuel distributor on said rotary member and adapted to receive fuel from said axial passage and distribute such fuel to each of said outlets successively, and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said axial passage and said fuel distributor, said displacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spill port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said spill port.

4. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means connected to said fuel quantity control displacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control displacement piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, and a centrifugal governor operatively connected to said control piston for adjusting said displacement piston in said second bore.

5. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member and communicating with said fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means connected to said fuel quantity control displacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control displacement piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, and fuel distributing means communicating with and adapted to receive fuel from said axial passage and distribute such fuel to each of said outlets successively, and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said axial passage and said fuel distributor, and a centrifugal governor operatively connected to said control displacement piston for adjusting said piston in said second bore.

6. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore and cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means in said radial bore, fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means operatively connected to said control displacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control displacement piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore, whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and displace said control piston in said second bore, a control port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, said control displacement piston having means for controlling the fuel passing from said second bore through said control port, said means comprising a helical edge on said control displacement piston, and a bypass or spill port communicating with said axial passage in said rotary member.

7. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a rotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outlets communicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary member communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radial bore and cam means operatively associated with said plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means in said radial bore, fuel supply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, control means operatively connected to said control displacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of said control displacement piston in said second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity and a pressure port connecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said second bore, whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of said control piston and displace said control piston in said second bore, a control port communicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said control piston, said control displacement piston having means for controlling the fuel passing from said second bore through said control port, resilient means opposing the movement of said control displacement piston by fuel from said pressure port, and a bypass or spill port communicating with said axial passage in said rotary member, said displacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spill port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said spill port.

8. In a fuel injection pump, a fuel pumping member, a fuel distributor communicating with said fuel pumping member, fuel quantity control means communicating with said fuel pumping member, said control means comprising a bore having a fuel quantity control displacement piston therein, means for adjusting the position of said displacement piston in said bore according to the fuel quantity desired, said piston being subjected to fuel from said pumping member whereby movement of said piston is effected to control the quantity of fuel delivered to said fuel distribution, a port communicating with said bore on one side of said piston for supplying fuel thereto from the fuel pumping member and a port communicating with said bore on the opposite side of said piston, said piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said port on said opposite side of said piston on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure.

9. In a fuel injection pump, a fuel pumping member, a fuel distributor communicating with said fuel pumping member, fuel quantity control means communicating with said fuel pumping member, said control means comprising a bore having a fuel quantity control displacement piston therein, means for adjusting the position of said displacement piston in said bore according to the fuel quantity desired, said piston being subjected to fuel from said pumping member whereby movement of said piston is effected to control the quantity of fuel delivered to said fuel distributor, and a control port communicating with said bore adjacent the end of said displacement piston opposite the entrance of the fuel from said pumping member, said displacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said control port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said control port.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,455,571 Edwards Dec. 7, 1948 2,582,539 Grimod Jan. 15, 1952 2,599,522 Coe June 3, 1952 2,641,238 Roosa June 9, 1953 2,674,236 Humber Apr. 6, 1954 2,683,445 Seaver July 13, 1954 2,784,708 Hill et al Mar. 12, 1957 2,831,473 Liardet Apr. 22, 1958