US2674236A - Fuel injection pump - Google Patents

Description

April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER FUEL INJECTION PUMP 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 29, 1952 .ATTOPNIYK April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER n. Hlll Ir n In] III! '4 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

JOHN N. HUMIBER ATTOP/VEX April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER FUEL INJECTION PUMP 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 29, 1952 wmwmmf m i m m: WH N N W J z 'rroz'yzx 7 April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER 2,674,236

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed March 29, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. JOHN N. HUMIBEE ATTOENEX April 1954 J. N. HUMBER 2,674,236

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed March 29, 1952 7 8 Sheets-Sheet e INVENTOR. JOHN N. HUMDEE ATTOPA/[K April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER 2,674,236

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed March 29, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 IIIIIII E F jg. E.

O VEN TOR.

JOHN N- MDEJE Arrow/5x April 6, 1954 J. N. HUMBER 2,574,236

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed March 29, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTOR. JOHN N. r-aumacz ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 6, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FUEL INJECTION PUMP Application March 29, 1952, Serial No. 27 9,285

14 Claims. 1

This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus and has particular reference to a new and improved distributor type fuel injection pump.

An object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump of the type set forth which is relatively simple and low cost in construction, yet efficient in operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump of the type set forth in which a single delivery valve and metering means is provided for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered to each of the outlets whereby the fuel quantity delivered to each of the outlets is the same.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump of the type set forth in which the timing of the beginning of injection is adjustable and in which there is a fixed relationship between the fuel quantity delivered and the beginning of injection.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump of the type set forth which utilizes relatively simple and inexpensive pumping means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuel injection pump of the type set forth in which the quantity of fuel delivered and/or the timing of the beginning of injection is controlled by controlling the spilling or bypassing of fuel from the injection pump.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

It is pointed out that changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, as the preferred forms have been given by way of illustration only.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of one form of fuel injection apparatus embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional viewtaken on line 33 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the arrangement for controlling the fuel quantity and timing of the beginning of injection;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view generally similar to Fig. l, but showing a slightly modified form 0 the invention;

Fig. 7 is a side view of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an end view of the form of the invention shown in Figs. 6 and '7;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9-9 of Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 10 is an end view of the drive end of the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 6 through and Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on line H--H of Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout, the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 through 5 comprises the hydraulic head IE to which is secured the mounting flange [3 by means of studs or the like [4.

The hydraulic head I2 is provided with the outlets l5 of desired number and has the longitudinal bore l6 adapted to communicate with each of the outlets If) by a port H, which ports are in spaced relation surrounding said bore It.

The hydraulic head i2 is provided with the fuel sump Iii adapted to be connected to the fuel supply pump or other source of fuel through the passage I9. Adjacent the end of bore 16 is pro-- vided the delivery valve chamber 29 in which is positioned the delivery valve assembly 2! which includes the valve member 22 and the valve spring 23. The delivery valve assembly 2! is retained in operative position by means of the threaded cap 24 which is secured in threaded engagement with the hydraulic head I2 to retain the delivery valves in operative position therein.

Delivery valve 2! is connected by a port having the portions 25 and 25a with bore it as herein after described.

The mounting flange I3 is provided with the drive shaft 26 which is journalled in a hearing and which has the coupling 21 adjacent its end.

The pumping and distributing unit comprises the distributing member 28 within bore l6 and the pumping member 29 which may be intervaled therewith and which have the key or tang 30 adapted to engage the coupling 2'! or drive shaft 2%; whereby the pumping and distributing unit may be driven by said drive shaft 26.

Between the hydraulic head 12 and the mounting flange I3 is positioned the internal cam or ring cam 3| which is secured in position by studs l4 and which has the cam lobes or actuating portions 32 as shown in Fig. 3.

The pumping member 29 comprises oppositely disposed aligned bores 32a in each of which is positioned a pumping plunger 33 as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Only one pair of said plungers 33 may be employed or a plurality of pairs thereof as shown in Fig. 3 may be employed.

Adjacent the outer ends of said plungers 33 are positioned the shoes 34, one of which is provided for actuating each of said plungers 33 and said shoes each support a cam roller or follower 35 whereby upon rotation of said pumping member 29 by said drive shaft 26 said rollers 35 and shoes 3 will be moved inwardly upon engaging each of the cam lobes 32 to eifect pumping action of said plungers 33, which plungers will be returned to their outer positions by means of centrifugal force upon rotation of said pumping member 29 aided by sump pressure.

Distributing member 28 is provided with longitudinal bore is extending between pumping bore 32a and delivery valve chamber and provid ing for the delivery of fuel from the pumping chamber to the delivery valve from which fuel passes through ports and 25a to peripheral groove 3? on distributor 28 and said groove 31 communicates with distributing or metering groove 36, which registers successively with each of the outlets il' upon rotation of distributing member 23 to deliver fuel to each of said outlets l5 successively.

Distributing member 28 is provided with two series of radial ports 39 and 43 adapted to communicate with sump l8 through ports M and 32 in sleeves E3 and M respectively, and said sleeves 33 and M are adapted to be adjusted relative to said ports 33 and 451 to control the spilling of fuel from bore 38 to sump l3. Sleeve 43 which is the timing sleeve closes the ports in the distributor 28 in correct relation to the plunger position to deliver fuel to the delivery valve and this sleeve stays closed until the fuel quantity sleeve it opens, thus terminating injection. Sleeve i l is adapted to spill or bypass fuel at the termination of injection to control the quantity of fuel injected.

It will be noted that the construction shown and described provides for fuel metering and adjustable timing of the beginning of injection with a fixed relationship between the fuel quantity delivered and the beginning of injection with both being simultaneously adjusted.

The arrangement for adjusting sleeves 53 and M, is shown in Figs. 2 and 4 and comprises the fuel quantity lever 45 which may be connected to the usual type fuel quantity governor and which is positioned on shaft 46 which is provided with the fixed cam l? which cam is adapted to be engaged by the cam roller 58 on the lever t9 which is on the fixed pivot 53 and is provided with the adjusting screw 5i adapted to engage the variable port closing lever 52 for establishing basic port closing. The lever 52 is retained in normal position by means of the tension spring 53.

The form of the invention shown in Figs. 6 through 11 is generally similar to that shown in Figs. 1 through 5 with the addition of a fuel supply pump and governor to the injection pump unit.

In this form of the invention, the drive shaft 26 is connected to the distributing member 28 by the tongued connection of the members 2'! and 3!! as previously described.

However, in this form the member 2! is formed interval with gear 54 mounted on drive shaft 26 and retained thereon by nut 55 which is threaded onto the threaded end 56 of the drive shaft' Gear 54 effects rotation of gear 51 which drives a conventional t gear pump in housing 580. for supplying fuel to the injection pump under desired supply pressure.

In the sectional view shown in Fig. 6, only a single sleeve 24 for controlling the quantity of fuel bypassed and, therefore, controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by the pump is provided. In this form of pump, the timing is controlled by the hole or fixed port 58 which communicates with the sump l8 and also with the timing port 39 in distributor 28, whereby fuel from bore 36 may pass through port 39 and port 58 to sump I 8.

In this form of the invention, the sleeve 44 is controlled by means of shaft 58 which is keyed to said sleeve 44 by means of eccentric pin 59 and said shaft 58 is adapted to be rotated for adjusting sleeve 44 through rod which is connected at one end to crank member ti on shaft 53 and at its opposite end is pivotally connected at 6la to the adjacent end of pivoted lever 32 having the forked end 63 adapted to engage centrifugal governor member 34 on drive shaft 26 and which is actuated by the movement of the weights or ball members Ma and governor member is mounted on collar 65 which is slideably mounted on said drive shaft 26.

The distributor member 28 is provided with the annular groove 3'! and distributor slot 33 and is adapted to receive fuel through the passage 25 and 25a from delivery valve 22 as described in connection with the first form of the device.

In operation, upon the rotation of the drive shaft 25 the pumping and distributor members 29 and 28 are rotated and the rotation thereof, through centrifugal force, moves pumping plungers 33 to the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 6, that is, centrifugal force moves said plungers on their return stroke and the pumping stroke thereof is effected by the cam lobes 32 on cam 3! as shown in Fig. 3.

This fuel is then forced through here 33 and through delivery valve 22 to passages 25 and 25a through which it is delivered to peripheral groove 37 on distributor 28 from which it passes into distributing port 33 and is thereby distributed to each of the outlet ports I! successively upon rotation of said distributor member 2 2.

The quantity of fuel delivered through the delivery valve to the distributing port is controlled by the relative positions of sleeve 14 and spill port 33. In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, the timing is controlled by a similar timing sleeve 43 in conjunction with port 39 in distributor 23 and which communicates with bore 33 and said sleeve 43 is provided with port 4| communicating with sump I8.

In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6, the timing is accomplished through port 39 in distributor 23 which communicates with port 55 which in turn communicates with sump It.

In the form of the invention of Fig. 6, the setting of fuel quantity sleeve 44 is controlled through rod 50 which is actuated by governor (i6 and said rod 63 actuates shaft 53 to adjust sleeve 44 as desired. Lever 52 which operatvely connects governor member 66 and rod 69 is spring loaded whereby said rod will normally maintain said sleeve 46 in predetermined position. In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, a separate external governor and fuel supply pump are utilized wherws in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6, the supply pump and governor are incorporated into the fuel injection unit with the supply pump being of the conventional gear type pump driven by gears 55 and 51.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that I have provided simple, efficient and economical means for obtaining all of the objects and advantages of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a device of the character escribed, a drive shaft, a pumping member and distributin member in aligned relation, said pumping member having a bore transverse to the axis of said drive shaft and distributing member, plunger means mounted for reciprocation said bore, cam means surrounding said pumping member and adapted to elfect reciprocation of said pumping means upon the rotation of said pumping member, said distributing member having a longitudinal bore and an external distributing port, a delivery valve the fuel path between said pumping member and said distributing port of said distributing member and a plurality of outlets adapted to cormnunicate successively with said distributing port upon the rotation of said distributing member, said distributing member having a spill port and means controlling the quantity of fuel passing through said spill port to thereby control the quantity of fuel delivered by said distributing means, and a timing port in said distributor member and means associated with said timing port for controlling the timing of the beginning of injection by said device.

2. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a pumping member, distributing member and delivery valve in aligned relation, said drive shaft being operatively connected to said pumping member and distributor and adapted to effect rotation thereof, said pumping member including a bore transverse to the axis of said drive shaft, pumping means mounted for reciprocation Within said bore, cam means surrounding said pumping member and adapted to effect reciprocation of said pumping means upon relative rotation of said cam and pumping member, said distributor member having a bore con necting said pumping member and said delivery valve, said distributing member also having a distributing port adapted to communicate successively with a plurality of outlets and a fuel passage connecting said delivery valve and said distributing port on said distributor member, said distributor member having a spill port communicating With said bore in said distributing member and means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled through said spill port, said distributing member having a timing port communicating with said bore and means for controlling the passage of fuel through said timing port whereby the timing of the beginning of injection by said device may be controlled.

3. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a pumping member, distributing member and delivery valve in aligned relation, said drive shaft being operatively connected to said pumping member and distributor and adapted to effect rotation thereof, said pumping member including a bore transverse to the axis of said drive shaft, pumping means mounted for reciprocation Within said bore, cam means surrounding said pumping member and adapted to effect reciprocation of said pumping means upon relative rotation of said cam and pumping member, said distributor memberv having a bore connecting said pumping member and said delivery valve, said distributing member also having a distributing port adapted to communicate successively with a plurality of outlets and a fuel passage connecting said delivery valve and said distributing port on said distributor member, said distributor member having a spill port communicating with said bore in said distributing member and means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled through said spill port, and a governer connected to said means for controlling the spill through said spill port for automatically controlling the quantity of fuel spilled through said spill port, a timing port, and adjustable means for controlling the passage of fuel through said timing port whereby the timing of injection may be adjusted.

4. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor having a fuel pumping portion and a fuel distributing portion parallel with and operatively connected to said shaft, a fuel passage connecting said pumping portion With said distributing portion, a delivery valve in said fuel passage, a plurality of outlets communicating with said distributing portion, said pumping portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage, plunger means mounted for reciprocation in said bore and cam means surrounding said pumping portion and adapted to effect reciprocation of said plunger means upon rotation of said rotor, said rotor having high pressure metering means communicating with said pumping portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pumping portion.

5. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor having a fuel injection pump portion, a fuel metering portion and a fuel distributing portion operatively connected to said drive shaft, said injection pump portion having a transverse bore, piston means in said bore, cam means surrounding said piston means for effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, said rotor having a bore connecting said injection pump portion with said fuel metering portion and said fuel distributing portion, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said fuel distributing portion, said fuel metering portion including a spill or bypass port and adjustable means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled or bypassed and providing high pressure metering means for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by the pump.

6. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor having a fuel injection pump portion, a fuel metering portion and a fuel distributing portion operatively connected to said drive shaft, said injection pump portion having a transverse bore, piston means in said bore, cam means surrounding said piston means for effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, said rotor having a bore connecting said injection pump portion with said fuel metering portion and said fuel distributing portion, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said fuel distributing portion, said fuel metering portion including a spill or bypass port and adjustable means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled or bypassed and providing high pressure metering means for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered byrthe pump and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said pumping portion and said distributing portion.

7. In a device of the character described, .a driveshaft, a rotor operatively connectedto said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby,

said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing high pressure metering means communicating with said pump portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pumping portion.

8. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump por tion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion pro-- viding high pressure metering means communicating with said pump portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said pumping portion and said outlets.

9. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing high pressure metering means communicating with said pumping portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion, said high pressure metering means comprising a bypass port in said rotor communicating with said fuel passage and means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port.

10. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing high pressure metering means communicating with said pumping portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion, said high pressure metering means comprising a bypass port in said rotor communicating with said fuel passage and means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port, said means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port comprising a sleeve surrounding said rotor adjacent said bypass port and means for adjusting the relative positions of said sleeve and port.

11. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing high pressure metering means communicating with said pumping portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion, said high pressure metering means comprising a bypass port in said rotor communicating with said fuel passage and means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port, and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said pumping portion and said outlets.

12. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing high pressure metering means communieating with said pump portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion, said high pressure metering means comprising a bypass port in said rotor communicating with said fuel passage and means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port, said means for controlling the passage of fuel through said bypass port comprising a sleeve surrounding said rotor ad acent said bypass port and means for adjusting the relative positions of said sleeve and port and a delivery valve in the fuel path between said pumping portion and said outlets.

13. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion providing metering means communicating with said pump portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion.

14. In a device of the character described, a drive shaft, a rotor operatively connected to said drive shaft and adapted to be rotated thereby, said rotor being parallel with said drive shaft and having a fuel injection pump portion, a distributing portion and a metering portion, a fuel passage connecting said pump portion, distributing portion and metering portion, said pump portion having a transverse bore communicating with said fuel passage and piston means in said bore, cam means adjacent the periphery of said pump portion and effecting reciprocation of said piston means upon rotation of said rotor, a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate suc cessively with said distributing portion upon rotation of said rotor, said metering portion including a port communicating with said passage and adjustable means for controlling the quantity of fuel passing through said port means and providing metering means communicating with said pump portion for controlling the quantity of fuel delivered by said pump portion.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,147,390 Vaudet Feb. 14, 1939 2,270,263 Butler Jan. 20, 1942 2,391,221 Beeh Dec. 18, 1945 2,465,784 Berlyn et a1 Mar. 29, 1949 2,516,147 Robinson July 25, 1950 2,518,473 Hogeman et a1 Aug. 15, 1950 2,641,238 Roosa June 9, 1953 2,660,992 Roosa Dec. 1, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 657,759 Great Britain Sept. 26, 1951

Images