US2948521A - Process and apparatus for heating a cross stream shaft furnace in view of heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for heating a cross stream shaft furnace in view of heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2948521A
US2948521A US671137A US67113757A US2948521A US 2948521 A US2948521 A US 2948521A US 671137 A US671137 A US 671137A US 67113757 A US67113757 A US 67113757A US 2948521 A US2948521 A US 2948521A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heating
gas
calcining
zone
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US671137A
Inventor
Heiligenstaedt Hans Eri Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roechlingsche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH
Original Assignee
Roechlingsche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roechlingsche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH filed Critical Roechlingsche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2948521A publication Critical patent/US2948521A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • C04B2/12—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/06—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces of other than up-draught type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crossstreamshaft I furnace for the heating of solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone, in which the'materia'l moves downwardly by gravity and in which heating gases are forced transversely through said material. More over, the main feature consists in that the heating gases are mixed with vre-circulated .waste gases which come from the zone of temperature essentially determining the heat consumption required to carry out theoperation.
  • the heating gases After controlling the temperature of the heating gases by mixing them with recirculated waste gases from'the roasting zone, the heating gases enter the shaft on one side and leave it on the other side.
  • the material moving downwardly on-that side of the shaft on which theheating gases leave the shaft is heated with gas of lower temperature than that on the other side. Consequently, this material is less intensively heated than that moving dovmwardly on the gas inlet side.
  • the output of the furnace is determined by the roasting time at the gas outlet side.
  • the passage time can essentially be shortened and, thus, the output of the furnace essentially be increased by heating the shaftfurnace in a closed circuit.
  • the roasting zone of the shaft is divided into two parts of substantially equal height in such a manner that the gas collecting chambers on both sides of the shaft are divided in the middle of their height, forming thus several chambers situated on both sides of the shaft.
  • the recirculated gases traverse these chambers in a closed circuit and are subjected at the same time to an intermediate heating.
  • the calcining zone 1 of the shaft is divided into two parts of substantially equal height, thus forming four chambers 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  • the gas leaving the shaft 1 through numerous ports in the wall between the shaft and the gas collecting chamber 2 enters this chamber 2 from which it is drawn by the injector 6 into the heating chamber 8.
  • the injector 6 is actioned by means of gas supplied to the nozzle 7.
  • the gas is heated to the required temperature by means of fuel introduced through the main and burned in the burner 9 after having been mixed with hot air supplied from the cooling zone by the main 11.
  • the gas passes through the gas collecting chamber 3, traverses the shaft and enters the opposite gas collecting chamber 4.
  • the injector 6' provides the suction of the gas from the collecting chamber 4 into the heating chamber 8' where the gas is heated in the same manner :as in the heating chamber 8.
  • the gas passes through the gas collecting chamber 5, traverses the shaft in inverse direction and enters the gas collecting chamber 2, where the circuit begins again.
  • Amethod ofl calcining comprising the steps of causing material forcalcining to flow through a pair of consecutively arranged calcining zones; passing hot cal cining gas -in a direction of how substantiallytransversal to the direction offl'owof sa'id' material through one of said calciningzones, so as to heat "that material flowing through said" one calcining zone by heat exchange with said hot calcining gas,-said -calcining gas being'cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanating fromsaidone calcining zone; passing the thus reheated calcining gas through the other of said calcining zones in a-direction substantiallytransversal "to the flow of said material and substantially opposite'to the direction of flow of said 'gas' through said one calcining zone,
  • a method of calcining comprising the steps of causing material for calcining to fiow downwardly through a pair'of consecutively -arran'ged substantially vertically extending calcining zones;'pass'ing hot calcining gas in substantially horizontal direction of flow substantially tranversal to the direction of flow of said material through one of said calcining zones, so as to heat that material flowing through said one calcining zone by heat exchange with said hot calcining gas, said calcining gas being cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanuating from said one calcining zone; passing the thus reheated calcining gas through the other of said calcining zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially transversal to the flow of said material and substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through said one calcining zone, so as to heat material flowing through the other of said calcining zones by heat exchange with said reheated calcining gas, the same being cooled during said heat exchange; reheat
  • a calcining apparatus comprising in combination, a kiln or vertical shaft type including a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zone said vertical shaft including an inlet portion located above said upper heating zone, and an outlet portion located below said lower heating zone, so that material introduced into said inlet portion will move downwardly through said upper and lower heating zones to said outlet portion; first means for passing hot gas in a substantially horizontal direction of flow through one of said heating zones that first means having an inlet and an outlet end; first heating means connected to the outlet end of said first means for receiving gas passed through that one heating zone and for heating the same, said first heating means having an outlet end; second means for passing the thus heated gas through the other of said heating zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through that one heating zone, that second means having an inlet and an outlet end and said inlet end of said second means being connected to said outlet end of said first heating means; second heating means connected to the outlet end of said second means for receiving gas passed through that other heating zone and for a
  • a calcining apparatus comprising in combination, a kiln of vertical shaft type including-a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zonesaid vertical including an inlet portion located above said upperheating zone, and an outlet portion located below saidlower heating zone,
  • a calcining apparatus for calcining solid material comprising in combination, a kiln of vertical shaft type including a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zone of substantially equal length adapted for downward gravitational flow therethrough of said material said vertical shaft including an inlet portion located-above said upper heating zone -and anoutlet portion located below said lower heating zone, ;so that material introduced into said inlet portionwil-l move. downwardly through said upper and lower heating zone to said outlet portion; first means for passing hot gas in a substantially horizontal direction of flowt'ransver'sef to they direction of flow of said downward-flowing material through the upper of said heating zones that first means having an inlet end and an injector forming outlet end; first.
  • heating means including a burner connected to the injector forming outlet end of said first meansfo'r receiving gas passed through that one heating zone and for heating the same said first heating means having an outlet end; second means for passing the thus heated gas through the lower of. said heating zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through that one heating zone, that second means having an inlet end and an injector forming outlet end and said inlet end of said second means being connected to said outlet end of said References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,562,764 Harris Nov. 24, 1925 2,667,342 Ellerbeck Ian. 26, 1954 2,687,879

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Description

9, 1960 H. EIw. HE'ILIGENSTAEDT I 2,948,521 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING A CROSS STREAM SHAFT FURNACE IN VIEW OF HEATING SOLID MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE CALCINATION 0F LIMESTONE Filed-July 11, 1957 2,948,521 n I PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HEAIING A 'CROSS STREAM SHAFT'FURNACE IN-VIEWOF HEATING SOLID MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE CALCINATION OF LIMESTONE is A.
Hans Erich Werner Heilig'eustt'iedt .Volklingen, to l e Eiseu- .und Stahlwerke G.m.b.H., Volklingen, Germany, a firm of Germany FiledJuly 11, 1951, Ser. No.- 671,137: Claims P r y; application Germany July 14,1956
5 Claims; or. 263- 29) i The present invention relates to a crossstreamshaft I furnace for the heating of solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone, in which the'materia'l moves downwardly by gravity and in which heating gases are forced transversely through said material. More over, the main feature consists in that the heating gases are mixed with vre-circulated .waste gases which come from the zone of temperature essentially determining the heat consumption required to carry out theoperation.
After controlling the temperature of the heating gases by mixing them with recirculated waste gases from'the roasting zone, the heating gases enter the shaft on one side and leave it on the other side. As a result thereof, the material moving downwardly on-that side of the shaft on which theheating gases leave the shaft, is heated with gas of lower temperature than that on the other side. Consequently, this material is less intensively heated than that moving dovmwardly on the gas inlet side. As the passage time of the material in the furnace depends on the efliciency of the roasting at the most unfavourable point, the output of the furnace is determined by the roasting time at the gas outlet side.
According to the present invention, the passage time can essentially be shortened and, thus, the output of the furnace essentially be increased by heating the shaftfurnace in a closed circuit. For this purpose, the roasting zone of the shaft is divided into two parts of substantially equal height in such a manner that the gas collecting chambers on both sides of the shaft are divided in the middle of their height, forming thus several chambers situated on both sides of the shaft. The recirculated gases traverse these chambers in a closed circuit and are subjected at the same time to an intermediate heating.
The accompanying drawing illustrates a shaft-furnace for the performance of the process according to the present invention.
The calcining zone 1 of the shaft is divided into two parts of substantially equal height, thus forming four chambers 2, 3, 4 and 5. The gas leaving the shaft 1 through numerous ports in the wall between the shaft and the gas collecting chamber 2 enters this chamber 2 from which it is drawn by the injector 6 into the heating chamber 8. The injector 6 is actioned by means of gas supplied to the nozzle 7. In the heating chamber, the gas is heated to the required temperature by means of fuel introduced through the main and burned in the burner 9 after having been mixed with hot air supplied from the cooling zone by the main 11.
From the heating chamber 8, the gas passes through the gas collecting chamber 3, traverses the shaft and enters the opposite gas collecting chamber 4. The injector 6' provides the suction of the gas from the collecting chamber 4 into the heating chamber 8' where the gas is heated in the same manner :as in the heating chamber 8. After heating in this chamber, the gas passes through the gas collecting chamber 5, traverses the shaft in inverse direction and enters the gas collecting chamber 2, where the circuit begins again. By virtue of this closed circuit of the gas, the heating of the material contained in the upper part on the left side-of the shaft as well as that contained in the lower part on the right side of; the shaft, is acceleratedu l ---WhatI'claimis:';-* TI i i l. Amethod ofl calcining, comprising the steps of causing material forcalcining to flow through a pair of consecutively arranged calcining zones; passing hot cal cining gas -in a direction of how substantiallytransversal to the direction offl'owof sa'id' material through one of said calciningzones, so as to heat "that material flowing through said" one calcining zone by heat exchange with said hot calcining gas,-said -calcining gas being'cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanating fromsaidone calcining zone; passing the thus reheated calcining gas through the other of said calcining zones in a-direction substantiallytransversal "to the flow of said material and substantially opposite'to the direction of flow of said 'gas' through said one calcining zone,
so as 'to heat material flowing through the other of said calcining zones by heat exchange with said reheated calcining gas, the same being cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanating from said other calcining zone; and recycling said reheated gas by introducing the same into said one calcining 'zone, thereby substantially evenly heating the entire material during the flow thereof through said: pair of calcining zones. v
2. A method of calcining, comprising the steps of causing material for calcining to fiow downwardly through a pair'of consecutively -arran'ged substantially vertically extending calcining zones;'pass'ing hot calcining gas in substantially horizontal direction of flow substantially tranversal to the direction of flow of said material through one of said calcining zones, so as to heat that material flowing through said one calcining zone by heat exchange with said hot calcining gas, said calcining gas being cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanuating from said one calcining zone; passing the thus reheated calcining gas through the other of said calcining zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially transversal to the flow of said material and substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through said one calcining zone, so as to heat material flowing through the other of said calcining zones by heat exchange with said reheated calcining gas, the same being cooled during said heat exchange; reheating the thus cooled gas emanating from said other calcining zone; and recycling said reheated gas by introducing the same into said one calcining zone, thereby substantial-1y evenly heating the entire material during the flow thereof through said pair of calcining zones.
3. A calcining apparatus, comprising in combination, a kiln or vertical shaft type including a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zone said vertical shaft including an inlet portion located above said upper heating zone, and an outlet portion located below said lower heating zone, so that material introduced into said inlet portion will move downwardly through said upper and lower heating zones to said outlet portion; first means for passing hot gas in a substantially horizontal direction of flow through one of said heating zones that first means having an inlet and an outlet end; first heating means connected to the outlet end of said first means for receiving gas passed through that one heating zone and for heating the same, said first heating means having an outlet end; second means for passing the thus heated gas through the other of said heating zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through that one heating zone, that second means having an inlet and an outlet end and said inlet end of said second means being connected to said outlet end of said first heating means; second heating means connected to the outlet end of said second means for receiving gas passed through that other heating zone and for reheating the same, said-second heating means being connected to the inlet end of said firstmeans for delivering reheated gas thereto.
4. A calcining apparatus, comprising in combination, a kiln of vertical shaft type including-a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zonesaid vertical including an inlet portion located above said upperheating zone, and an outlet portion located below saidlower heating zone,
so that material to be calcined when introduced into said inlet portion will move downwardly through said upper and lower heatingzones to said outlet portion; first means for passing hot gas in a substantially horizontal direction of flow through the upper of said heating zones that first means having an inlet and an outlet end; first heating means connected to the outletend of said first means for receiving gas passed through that one heating zone and for heating the same, said first heating means having an outlet end; second means for passing the thus heated gas through the lower of said heating zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through that one heating zone, that second means having an inlet and an outlet end and said inlet end of said second means being connected to said outlet end of said first heating means; second heating means connected'to the outlet end of said second means for receiving gas passed through that other heating zone and for reheating the same, said second heating means being connected to the inlet end of said first means for delivering reheated gas thereto.
5. A calcining apparatus for calcining solid material, comprising in combination, a kiln of vertical shaft type including a vertical shaft having consecutively arranged therein an upper and a lower heating zone of substantially equal length adapted for downward gravitational flow therethrough of said material said vertical shaft including an inlet portion located-above said upper heating zone -and anoutlet portion located below said lower heating zone, ;so that material introduced into said inlet portionwil-l move. downwardly through said upper and lower heating zone to said outlet portion; first means for passing hot gas in a substantially horizontal direction of flowt'ransver'sef to they direction of flow of said downward-flowing material through the upper of said heating zones that first means having an inlet end and an injector forming outlet end; first. heating means including a burner connected to the injector forming outlet end of said first meansfo'r receiving gas passed through that one heating zone and for heating the same said first heating means having an outlet end; second means for passing the thus heated gas through the lower of. said heating zones in a substantially horizontal direction substantially opposite to the direction of flow of said gas through that one heating zone, that second means having an inlet end and an injector forming outlet end and said inlet end of said second means being connected to said outlet end of said References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,562,764 Harris Nov. 24, 1925 2,667,342 Ellerbeck Ian. 26, 1954 2,687,879
Heiligenstaedt Aug. 31,1954

Claims (1)

  1. 3. A CALCINING APPARATUS, COMPRISING IN COMBINATION A KILN OR VERTICAL SHAFT TYPE INCLUDING A VERTICAL SHAFT HAVING CONSECUTIVELY ARRANGED THERIN AN UPPER AND A LOWER HEATING ZONE SAID VERTICAL SHAFT INCLUDING AN INLET PORTION LOCATED ABOVE SAID UPPER HEATING ZONE, AND AN OUTLET PORTION LOCATED BELOW SAID LOWER HEATING ZONE, SO THAT MATERIAL INTRODUCED INTO SAID INLET PORTION WILL MOVE DOWNWARDLY THROUGH SAID UPPER AND LOWER HEATING ZONES TO SAID PORTION, FIRST MEANS FOR PASSING HOT GAS IN A SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL DIRECTION ON FLOW THROUGH ONE OF SAID HEATING ZONES THAT FIRST MEANS HAVING AN INLET AND AN OUTLETS END, FIRST HEATING MEANS CONNECTED TO
US671137A 1956-07-14 1957-07-11 Process and apparatus for heating a cross stream shaft furnace in view of heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone Expired - Lifetime US2948521A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2948521X 1956-07-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2948521A true US2948521A (en) 1960-08-09

Family

ID=8002061

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US671137A Expired - Lifetime US2948521A (en) 1956-07-14 1957-07-11 Process and apparatus for heating a cross stream shaft furnace in view of heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2948521A (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083091A (en) * 1959-01-05 1963-03-26 Schenck Hermann Shaft furnace sintering method
US3085022A (en) * 1959-07-18 1963-04-09 Heidelberg Portland Zement Process and apparatus for the production of cement clinker, more especially for white cement
US4013401A (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-03-22 Dso "Cherna Metalurgia" Apparatus for preheating a raw material charge for application to an electric furnace
US4147504A (en) * 1974-06-12 1979-04-03 Unitika Limited Apparatus for regenerating activated carbon
US4205455A (en) * 1975-08-28 1980-06-03 Advanced Mineral Research Ab Method and an apparatus for steam curing agglomerates
US4252521A (en) * 1978-08-18 1981-02-24 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Furnace for the heat treatment of lumpy to fine grained material
US4352661A (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-10-05 A. P. Green Refractories Co. Shaft kiln
US4515351A (en) * 1981-04-23 1985-05-07 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing non-fired iron-bearing pellet
US4764107A (en) * 1984-03-24 1988-08-16 Perfluktiv-Consult Ag Shaft arrangement for thermal and/or material transfer processes between a gas and bulk material
US4934929A (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-06-19 Cykl Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for high temperature surface treatment of materials
US4975046A (en) * 1990-01-18 1990-12-04 Gas Research Institute Cement shaft suspension furnace and process
US5007825A (en) * 1990-05-21 1991-04-16 Williams Robert M Heat reclamation apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562764A (en) * 1922-10-20 1925-11-24 Ind Dryer Corp Art of drying
US2667342A (en) * 1948-01-30 1954-01-26 Thomas R Ellerbeck Method of calcining and calcining apparatus
US2687879A (en) * 1949-09-03 1954-08-31 Roechlingsche Eisen & Stahl Process for heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562764A (en) * 1922-10-20 1925-11-24 Ind Dryer Corp Art of drying
US2667342A (en) * 1948-01-30 1954-01-26 Thomas R Ellerbeck Method of calcining and calcining apparatus
US2687879A (en) * 1949-09-03 1954-08-31 Roechlingsche Eisen & Stahl Process for heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083091A (en) * 1959-01-05 1963-03-26 Schenck Hermann Shaft furnace sintering method
US3085022A (en) * 1959-07-18 1963-04-09 Heidelberg Portland Zement Process and apparatus for the production of cement clinker, more especially for white cement
US4147504A (en) * 1974-06-12 1979-04-03 Unitika Limited Apparatus for regenerating activated carbon
US4205455A (en) * 1975-08-28 1980-06-03 Advanced Mineral Research Ab Method and an apparatus for steam curing agglomerates
US4013401A (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-03-22 Dso "Cherna Metalurgia" Apparatus for preheating a raw material charge for application to an electric furnace
US4252521A (en) * 1978-08-18 1981-02-24 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Furnace for the heat treatment of lumpy to fine grained material
US4352661A (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-10-05 A. P. Green Refractories Co. Shaft kiln
US4515351A (en) * 1981-04-23 1985-05-07 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing non-fired iron-bearing pellet
US4764107A (en) * 1984-03-24 1988-08-16 Perfluktiv-Consult Ag Shaft arrangement for thermal and/or material transfer processes between a gas and bulk material
US4934929A (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-06-19 Cykl Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for high temperature surface treatment of materials
US4975046A (en) * 1990-01-18 1990-12-04 Gas Research Institute Cement shaft suspension furnace and process
WO1991010874A1 (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-25 Gas Research Institute Cement shaft suspension furnace and process
US5007825A (en) * 1990-05-21 1991-04-16 Williams Robert M Heat reclamation apparatus

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2948521A (en) Process and apparatus for heating a cross stream shaft furnace in view of heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone
US4022568A (en) Method and apparatus for heat treating pulverous raw materials
US4115202A (en) Apparatus for producing non-abrasive coke forms from brown-coal briquets
US2866625A (en) sylvest
US3235239A (en) Method and apparatus for making cement
US3302937A (en) Apparatus for colling metallic and nonmetallic particles
US2757921A (en) Method for burning of materials with heat recovery
US3312455A (en) Method and apparatus for calcining gypsum in two stages
US3433468A (en) Furnace apparatus with a series of hearths
US4439142A (en) Cooling zone for a firing kiln with transport rollers
US3601377A (en) Shaft furnaces
US3487135A (en) Method of firing continously operating kilns for ceramic products
US2667342A (en) Method of calcining and calcining apparatus
US2687879A (en) Process for heating solid materials, particularly for the calcination of limestone
US3202405A (en) Vertical shaft kiln and method of operation thereof
US4334859A (en) Method and apparatus for melting matrix materials
US3591462A (en) Method and apparatus for the continuous carbonization of coal
US3544096A (en) Cross-current blast furnace
JPH0221187A (en) Combustion type continuous calcining tunnel furnace
US2839285A (en) Heat treatment furnaces
GB1318016A (en) Method of and apparatus for heat-treating mineral materials
US1643775A (en) Tunnel kiln
GB1489584A (en) Gas-solid heat exchangers
GB1214375A (en) Heat exchanger
US2180041A (en) Tunnel kiln