US2945979A - Traveling wave tube structure - Google Patents

Traveling wave tube structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2945979A
US2945979A US328625A US32862552A US2945979A US 2945979 A US2945979 A US 2945979A US 328625 A US328625 A US 328625A US 32862552 A US32862552 A US 32862552A US 2945979 A US2945979 A US 2945979A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wave
guide
electron
slot
circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US328625A
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English (en)
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Karp Arthur
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Priority to BE525385D priority Critical patent/BE525385A/xx
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7413665,A priority patent/NL183112B/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US328625A priority patent/US2945979A/en
Priority to FR1090241D priority patent/FR1090241A/fr
Priority to CH333334D priority patent/CH333334A/fr
Priority to DEW12722A priority patent/DE1044992B/de
Priority to GB36053/53A priority patent/GB760133A/en
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Publication of US2945979A publication Critical patent/US2945979A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high frequency electronic devices and more particularly to those devices of'the socalled traveling wave type.
  • the principal object of this invention is to simplify the structure of traveling wave tubes operating at extremely 'short wavelengths.
  • Another object is to achieve broad band operation in traveling wave tubes without sacrificing gain and ease of construction.
  • traveling wave tubes to secure gain, have commonly utilized the interaction of an electron stream with an electromagnetic'wave traveling at approximately the same velocity as the electrons, the wave being slowed down to the velocity of"theelectrons 'by passing it along a specialized wave guiding circuit such as a helix of proper pitch.
  • a specialized wave guiding circuit such as a helix of proper pitch.
  • a helix of optimum size for operation at onehalf centimeter wavelength, for example, has a diameter of the order of that of the shaft of a common pin and its individual turns are almost impossible to discern by the normal unaided human eye.
  • the power dissipation capacity of'such a structure very limited, but its construction is tedious and difiicult, if not impossible.
  • Several ways of overcoming this limitation as to size have been proposed, but it is believed that no one solution has been ideal, principally because of practical considerations such as difficulties in manufacture and cost.
  • the present invention relates to a novel wave guiding structure which is rugged, easy to build and which provides good gain-bandwidthcharac- 'teristicsatthese very short wavelengths.
  • Waveguiding structures of the so-called spatial harmonic wave type are known and such a wave guiding structure is described for use in a traveling wave tube in an article, entitled A Spatial Harmonic Traveling- Wave Amplifier for Six Millimeters Wavelength, by S. Millman, appearing in the Proceedings of the Institute .of. Radio Engineers, volume 39, page 1035, September .1951.
  • the present invention utilizes .the spatial harmonic wave principle in its operation, it
  • a spatial harmonic-traveling wave guiding structure achieves this necessary phasing .betweentheelectric field and the electrons by propagating a relatively faster.
  • electromagnetic wave which, for instance, may have a-phase velocity only'a "little less than the speed of light along a wave circuit having sharp discontinuities therein. These discontinuities are chosen so that there exists near each of them a component of electric-field parallel to the direction of electron flow and so -thatnosuch. component exists elsewhere.
  • a given electron can vbe-made .to reach each discontinuity at a time when. the phase of the-electric field intensity at that discontinuity is the same asit was at the preceding discontinuity when .this electron arrived'there.
  • the electrons can be synchronized with any wave propagating along these discontinuities with a phase velocity equal to the velocity of the electrons plus a velocity such that the electric vector rotates any multiple of plus or minus360 degrees between successive interaction intervals.
  • Traveling wave structures which embodythe spatial harmonic principle have advantages not otherwise obtainable through the -use of conventional traveling wave structures of the. helixtype at millimeter Wavelengths .since they'aremore rugged and have larger dimensions'thangthe latterbutup; to nowtheir construction has nevertheless been tedious, and. diflicult partly because of the exacting tolerances required 'andthe complexity of structure.
  • One purpose of this invention 'thereforeis to alleviate this drawbacki-and to reduce'the expense of manufacture...
  • discontinuitiesof basically simple construction positioned in one wall of a conductively bounded wave guiding path.
  • discontinuities in. one specific embodiment. are formed by slot-like openings through one'wall. of a rec- 'tanglar -wave guide.
  • they are :formed by parallel wires laid transversely across an opening in one-wallof a rectangular wave guide; while in.a third embodiment they are formed by the turns of a wire wrapped with. a pitch, around a rectangularwave guide having a section of. one wall thereof removed.
  • Fig. l is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wave guidingrcircuit wherein the recurrent discontinuities are formed-by slot openings cut through a waveguide wall;
  • yFig. 2 showsinplan view a second embodiment of a wave: guiding :icircnit wherein the discontinuities ':are
  • FIG. 3 is aside section view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. '4. is a cross'section' of the arrangement of Fig. 2 taken in aplanetthrough lined-4;
  • Pig. 5 shows in plan view a third embodiment wherein the discontinuities are formed by a wire tape tightly wound upon a grooved form
  • Fig. 6 is a;cross.section view of Fig. 5 taken in a plane through :line- -66;v and Fig. 7 illustrates the structure of Fig. 5 used in a backward; traveling wave tube oscillator.
  • Fig. '1' showsyfor purposes ofillustration of the invention,- a spatial harmonic wave guiding circuit 10 in which a series of-recurrent discontinuities, recurring along the direction the rectangular guide 11 with its ridge 13 are chosen so that a transverse electric wave can propagate therethrough with its electric field perpendicular to Wall 12.
  • Ridge 13 which is centered along the wall opposite to wall 12, and which is separated from it by a distance h serves primarily to broaden the useful operating frequency bandwidth of the circuit, but it is not essential otherwise.
  • This ridge may be formed separately from the guide but is preferably an integral part thereof and may be hollow or not as desired. Both ridge and guide are made of a non-magnetic conductor such as copper or gold plated molybdenum.
  • Transverse slots 14, which together with the metal separating them form slot-resonators, perforate wall 12, and are regularly spaced along this wall parallel to each other in a series extending parallel to the direction of flow of the electron stream and the flow of wave power. Length l of these slots is a little less than one-half of a free space wavelength at the upper cut-off frequency of the circuit and this length is the principal factor in determining this frequency.
  • the end groups of slots are gradually tapered down in length over a distance until I is at least halved and ridge 13 is tapered to zero height over the same or greater distance.
  • the amount and distance of both tapers may be varied according to the quality of impedance match desired between the slotted and unslotted sections of the guide.
  • Slit 15, which perpendicularly bisects slots 14, may provide among other things, a mechanically free space for an electron stream such as stream 16, but this slit has negligible electrical effect on the wave guiding properties of the circuit.
  • Electron gun 17 and collector electrode 18 are aligned so that the electron stream flowing between them is oriented along the axis of slit in the plane of wall 12 as shown in the drawing.
  • Wave energy for interaction with electron stream 16 is supplied to wave guiding circuit 10 by connecting to end 19 thereof, which is bent down out of the line of electron flow, a guide of the same dimensions in which a transverse electric electromagnetic wave is propagating with its electric field perpendicular to the wider walls of the guide. Output energy is then obtained at end 20 which is similarly bent downward.
  • a single line of magnetic flux parallel to the electron stream 16, is shown in Fig. l to indicate the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the other structural elements. This field may be formed by parallel magnets such as 77 and 78 in Fig. 7 or by any other appropriate means. It is to be understood that the structure shown in Fig. 1 when interacting with electron stream 16 must be enclosed in an evacuated envelope, such as for example, the enclosure including envelope 75 in Fig. 7, which may either be glass or a non-magnetic metal.
  • Thickness t of wall 12 partly determines the ratio of the series capacitance in the circuit to the shunt capacitance therein and hence the impedance and band width for the circuit illustrated and this thickness is therefore important. A practical ratio of this thickness t to distance h is 0.1.
  • Slots 14 in wall 12 may be formed by any suitable method, but it has been found convenient to form them by photoengraving a metal sheet of proper thickness, two of which sheets may then be joined to the guide in the position shown.
  • wave circuit 10 shown in Fig. 1, will best be understood by consideration of the following mathematical analysis adapted specifically to the operation of this structure but applicable in general to spatial harmonic phenomenon.
  • the electrons can be synchronized with a spatial harmonic of the wave having a negative phase velocity relative to the group velocity.
  • electromagnetic power flows from the collector end to the gun end of the tube.
  • This mode of operation useful for amplification up to a critical value of beam current, is likewise useful for obtaining oscillations beyond this critical value since the necessary feedback path for sustaining the oscillations is then automatically provided by the electron stream.
  • d is not exactly its optimum value.
  • Slot spacing in Fig. 1 may be designed according to Equations 3 and 6 for synchronization of the electrons with forward or backward traveling spatial harmonic waves.
  • the number of slots cut in the guide wall 12 that are to couple to the beam is dependent upon the gain desired from a beam of given length-and intensitya
  • 70 is a typical number.
  • a circuit such as is shown in Fig. l,
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention wherein a series of discontinuities along wave guid-.
  • ingcircuit 30 is formed by parallel spaced wires 31 laid transversely across wave guide 32 and secured to it by frame 33.
  • the opening in frame 33, of width such that wires 31 are half-wave resonant at the upper cut-ofi frequency of the circuit, is tapered at each end thereof in order to facilitate impedance matching to the input and output wave guides.
  • FIG. 3 which is a side-section of the structure in Fig. 2, B
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the wave guiding circuit of Fig. 2.
  • Ridge 34 which is not necessarily solid as shown, is seen to be equally spaced from the shorter walls of guide 32 and spaced distance it from wires 31.
  • The, operationof wave guiding circuit 30 is substantially the same. as that of the circuit of Fig. l, except'that since the former has been designed to produce optimum in; teraction between an electron stream having a velocity equivalent roughly to 1000 volts and the first backward spatial harmonic wave, wave energy should be fed into the collector end of the circuit and extracted at the gun end thereof.
  • this circuit is operated as a backward wave oscillator the collector end should be terminated with a wave reflection minimizing impedance and the gun end thereof should be connected to an output wave guiding means for extracting the oscillating energy.
  • the details of an illustrative backward wave oscillator arrangement are given more completely later in connection with Fig. 7.
  • wave guiding circuit 50 includes wire tape 52 of width 53 which is wrapped with pitch d around guide 51 to form a succession of parallel wire turns which are half-wave resonant at the upper cut-off frequency of the circuit. These turns lie substantially trans versely across the guide and together with the openings between them, are equivalent to the slot-resonators in the previous embodiments.
  • Ridge 5'4 is positioned within guide 51 and extends the length thereof, centered between the two side walls. Neither this ridge nor the parallel wire turns over it are shown tapered at the ends of the guide as was done in the previous embodiments, since impedance matching here is accomplished as will be described below in connection with Fig.7.
  • Fig. 6 shows, in a cross section view of the structure in Fig. 5, that wire tape 52, having a thickness t, is wrapped completely around guide 51.
  • Ridge 54 which is preferably formed as an integral part of guide 51, is separated by distance it from the turns of wire 52 and is separated by spaces 55 from the vertical or side walls of guide 51.
  • the ratio of thickness z to distance 11 should be roughly the same as the corresponding ratio in the embodiment of Fig. l.
  • circuit 50 is substantiall the same as that of circuit 30 described previously, and it is only necessary to note briefly the several uncritical structural difierences between the two. Most noticeable of these differences is that the openings between turns of wire 52 in Fig. 5 extend the .whole width of guide 51 and the lengths are not tapered at the ends of the guide. For a resonator length equal to that of the resonators in Fig. 2 the bandwidth of circuit 5% is somewhat less than that of circuit 30 but this may be in part compensated for by making the height of the shorter walls 52 of guide 51 greater than the height of wall 32. Impedance matching to the input or output circuits other than by end tapering slot length and ridge height can be accomplished by any appropriate means but for purposes of illustration one specific way may be as that described in connection with the combination shown in Fig. 7.
  • circuit 59 may easily be designed for the amplification or for the generation of forward or of backward traveling wave energy.
  • An example of a backward Wave oscillator of which circuit 50 is a component part may be as shown in Fig. 7, but it should be understood that such a combination is not limited to the use of circuit 50 nor is circuit 50 limited to use in such a combination.
  • Fig. 7 is a side View of an actual arrangement devised for using the wave guiding structure of Figs. 5 and 6 as a backward traveling wave oscillator.
  • Circuit 50 is positioned so that electron stream 79 may pass over and through the free space between ridge 54 and the turns of wire 52.
  • Non-magnetic envelopes 74- and 75 and wave transparent window 72, together with magnet poles 77 and 78 form an air-tight enclosure surrounding electron gun 73 and its associated electron stream 79 which flows par; allel to the magnetic field.
  • Opening 76 serves as an electron trap to prevent the emission of secondary electrons from pole piece 78 which serves additionally as a collector electrode.
  • Nedge shaped resistance material 70 is positioned in spaces 55 (the spaces 55 without this material are shown in Fig.
  • Wave guide 71 sealed to envelope 75, is of somewhat greater width than circuit 56 and is tapered approximately as shown. This output wave guide is positioned above wires 52 near the second turn from the gun end so that oscillating wave energy flowing from the collector end to the gun end of circuit 59 may be coupled into it and thereby extracted from the circuit.
  • the electron stream interacts with wave energy originating at the collector end of circuit 50 and flowing toward the gun end thereof.
  • wave energy is extracted from thecircuit by impedance matching wave guide 71 and any remainder is reflected back to the collector end, without undergoing any interaction. along the way, where it is absorbed by lossy material 70 positioned there for this purpose.
  • wave energy flows toward the gun end of the circuit, spatial harmonic interaction with the electron stream causes an increase of this energy.
  • this interaction causes a bunching of the electron stream which in turn carries energy towards the other end and thus the feedback necessary to sustain oscillations is automatically provided by the electron stream.
  • the frequency of oscillation is determined principally by the electron velocity for a given structure and since this velocity is easily varied electrically over a wide range, the frequency may be continuously varied over a broad band.
  • An electronic device comprising a wave guide for propagating an electric wave, a section of ouewall of said wave guide including a plurality of discrete transverse slot-likc openings extending therethrough and spaced apart in a series parallel to the direction of wave propagation to form a succession of discrete slot-resonators, each of said slot resonators extending across said wall substantially in the plane thereof, means for forming and projecting an electron stream parallel to the direction of wave propagation and in coupling relation to said succession of resonators for achieving electron stream electromagnetic wave interaction, and a conductive member extending along a major portion of said series in capacitive coupling with said slot-like openings.
  • a traveling wave tube means including an electron gun and a collector electrode for forming and projecting an electron stream, and wave guiding means for propagating therethrough an electric wave in coupling relation and in a direction parallel to said electron stream, said wave guiding means including a length of wave guide of rectangular cross section surrounding a raised rectangular ridge, a section of one wall of said Wave guide being formed by a thin conducting sheet through which there are a plurality of slot-like openings lying substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation and regularly spaced in a series along the direction of the electron stream, the transverse ends of each of said openings being conductively closed.
  • a traveling wave tube including an evacuated envelope, means for forming and projecting an electron stream, means for focusing said stream along an axis, and wave guiding means in said envelope for propagating therethrough an electric Wave in coupling relation and in a direction parallel to said electron stream, said wave guiding means comprised of a length of wave guide whose ends are bent downward and whose center section surrounds a raised ridge tapered for a distance at the ends thereof, one surface in said center section being formed by a plurality of discrete transverse slot-resonators regularly spaced in the direction of wave propagation, said resonators formed by said surface in conjunction with a plurality of discrete openings extending in depth completely through said surface.
  • means for forming and projecting an electron stream for interaction with an electromagnetic Wave and conductively bounded rectangular wave guiding means adapted to propagate therethrough an electric Wave and having along one wall thereof a raised conducting ridge which is tapered in height at the ends thereof, said wave guiding means having a plurality of openings lying substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation and extending through'a bounding surface thereof, said openings being regularly spaced in a series along the direction of the electron stream, the end groups of said openings being tapered in length for a distance at both ends of the series and each of said openings being conductively closed at both of its transverse ends.
  • means having a high-frequency cutoff for propagating an electromagnetic wave at frequencies proximate said high-frequency cut-off, said means including a planar conductive member forming a bounding surface thereof, means for establishing a longitudinally extending array of regions of longitudinal, high intensity electric fields separated by regions of substantially no longitudinal field comprising a plurality of transversely extending spaced apertures in said planar member forming slot resonators wherein the longitudinal electric field is concentrated, both transverse ends of each of said apertures being conductively closed by said planar member, and a conductive member extending along a major portion of the length of said array in capacitive coupling relation with said apertures; and means for forming and projecting an electron stream in coupling relation to said apertures and parallel to the direction of wave propagation for interaction with said wave.
  • means for forming and projecting an electron stream for interaction with an electromagnetic wave and conductively bounded rectangular wave guiding means adapted to propagate therethrough an electric wave and having along one wall thereof a raised conducting ridge, means for forming a longitudinally extending array of regions of longitudinal high intensity electric field separated by regions of substantially no longitudinal electric field comprising a plurality of transversely extending, spaced metallic elements forming a portion of a bounding surface of said guide opposite said ridge, the spaces between said members forming slot resonators extending through said bounding surface wherein the longitudinal electric field is concentrated for interaction with said electron stream.
  • said means comprising aplurality of transversely extending spaced slots in one wall of said wave guide forming slot reso-v nators extending therethrough wherein the longitudinal electric field is concentrated, means for forming and projecting an electron beam parallel to the direction of wave propagation in coupling relationship to said slot resonators for interaction between said beam and the fields within the slots, and a conductive member extending along at least a portion of said array in capacitive coupling with said slots.
  • An electronic device comprising a wave guide for propagating an electric wave, a section of one wall of said wave guide including a plurality of discrete transverse slot-like openings extending therethrough and spaced apart in a series parallel to the direction of wave propagation to form a succession of discrete slot resonators, each of-said slot resonators extending across said wall substantially in the plane thereof, means for forming and projecting an electron stream parallel to the direction of wave propagation and in coupling relation to said succession of resonators for achieving electron stream electromagnetic wave interaction, said electron stream having a velocity V given by the equation wd (ZarIt-l a where w is the radian frequency of operation, d is the center to center spacing between openings, n is an integer and 0 is fixed by the wave guide dimensions and the frequency, and a conductive member extending along a major portion of said series in capacitive coupling with said slot-like openings.

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US328625A 1952-12-30 1952-12-30 Traveling wave tube structure Expired - Lifetime US2945979A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE525385D BE525385A (de) 1952-12-30
NLAANVRAGE7413665,A NL183112B (nl) 1952-12-30 Thermistor omvattende een weerstandselement, alsmede werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een weerstandselement geschikt voor gebruik in die thermistor.
US328625A US2945979A (en) 1952-12-30 1952-12-30 Traveling wave tube structure
FR1090241D FR1090241A (fr) 1952-12-30 1953-11-10 Tube à onde progressive
CH333334D CH333334A (fr) 1952-12-30 1953-11-20 Tube à onde progressive
DEW12722A DE1044992B (de) 1952-12-30 1953-12-03 Wanderfeldroehre fuer raeumlich harmonische Betriebsweise
GB36053/53A GB760133A (en) 1952-12-30 1953-12-29 Improvements in or relating to travelling wave tubes

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US328625A US2945979A (en) 1952-12-30 1952-12-30 Traveling wave tube structure

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US2945979A true US2945979A (en) 1960-07-19

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US328625A Expired - Lifetime US2945979A (en) 1952-12-30 1952-12-30 Traveling wave tube structure

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US (1) US2945979A (de)
BE (1) BE525385A (de)
CH (1) CH333334A (de)
DE (1) DE1044992B (de)
FR (1) FR1090241A (de)
GB (1) GB760133A (de)
NL (1) NL183112B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3069587A (en) * 1953-09-24 1962-12-18 Raytheon Co Travelling wave device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1076195B (de) * 1957-04-25 1960-02-25 Siemens Ag Verzoegerungsleitung fuer Wanderfeldroehren, insbesondere zum Erzeugen oder Verstaerken von Millimeterwellen
DE1206094B (de) * 1958-06-16 1965-12-02 Siemens Ag Lauffeldroehre fuer sehr kurze Wellen, insbesondere Millimeterwellen

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US2567748A (en) * 1943-10-02 1951-09-11 Milton G White Control of wave length in wave guides
US2590511A (en) * 1949-10-01 1952-03-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ridged wave guide attenuator
US2604594A (en) * 1943-10-02 1952-07-22 Milton G White Arrangement for varying wave lengths in coaxial lines
US2622158A (en) * 1951-02-16 1952-12-16 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave amplifier
US2623121A (en) * 1950-04-28 1952-12-23 Nat Union Radio Corp Wave guide
US2632809A (en) * 1947-11-05 1953-03-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Directional coupler
US2637003A (en) * 1953-04-28
US2641731A (en) * 1947-10-06 1953-06-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Wave propagating electron discharge device
US2648839A (en) * 1950-10-02 1953-08-11 Rca Corp Direction finding antenna system
US2683238A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-07-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
US2698398A (en) * 1949-04-07 1954-12-28 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2708236A (en) * 1950-03-18 1955-05-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifiers
US2745984A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave oscillator
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2812468A (en) * 1952-12-30 1957-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spatial harmonic traveling wave tube
US2812467A (en) * 1952-10-10 1957-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam system
US2827588A (en) * 1951-04-28 1958-03-18 Csf Travelling wave discharge tube arrangements utilizing delay lines
US2882438A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-04-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637003A (en) * 1953-04-28
US2604594A (en) * 1943-10-02 1952-07-22 Milton G White Arrangement for varying wave lengths in coaxial lines
US2567748A (en) * 1943-10-02 1951-09-11 Milton G White Control of wave length in wave guides
US2641731A (en) * 1947-10-06 1953-06-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Wave propagating electron discharge device
US2632809A (en) * 1947-11-05 1953-03-24 Raytheon Mfg Co Directional coupler
US2698398A (en) * 1949-04-07 1954-12-28 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2683238A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-07-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
US2590511A (en) * 1949-10-01 1952-03-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ridged wave guide attenuator
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
US2708236A (en) * 1950-03-18 1955-05-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifiers
US2623121A (en) * 1950-04-28 1952-12-23 Nat Union Radio Corp Wave guide
US2648839A (en) * 1950-10-02 1953-08-11 Rca Corp Direction finding antenna system
US2622158A (en) * 1951-02-16 1952-12-16 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave amplifier
US2827588A (en) * 1951-04-28 1958-03-18 Csf Travelling wave discharge tube arrangements utilizing delay lines
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2745984A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave oscillator
US2812467A (en) * 1952-10-10 1957-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam system
US2812468A (en) * 1952-12-30 1957-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spatial harmonic traveling wave tube
US2882438A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-04-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3069587A (en) * 1953-09-24 1962-12-18 Raytheon Co Travelling wave device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1044992B (de) 1958-11-27
CH333334A (fr) 1958-10-15
FR1090241A (fr) 1955-03-29
BE525385A (de)
GB760133A (en) 1956-10-31
NL183112B (nl)

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