US294354A

US294354A - Leonabd f

Info

Publication number: US294354A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1884-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 1901-03-04

Description

(No Model.)` 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. F. BBGKWITH. GONDUIT POR STEAM PIPES.v

No. 294,354. Patehted Mar. 4, 1884.

lllff/ N. PETERS. Hmmumngnphar. wnhingwn. I1 C.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

L.A F. BBGKWITH. l

VGONDUI'I FOR STEAM P] ]ES.v

Patented Mar. 4, 1884.

' NA PETER; mwmnpapm wmingm. uc.

l the radiation from the steam-pipe.

Nimm) STATES ,PATENT Orfric'n` LEONARD F. BEOKVVIIH, -OFNEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TOTHE FIRE PROOF BUILDING COMPANY OF 'NEW JERSEY.

CONDUIT FOR STEAIVl-PIPES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 94,354, dated March 4, 1884.

Application filed May 31, 1883.Y (No model.)

`To all whom, it may concern.-. g

Be it known that I, LEONARD F. BEOKWITH, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Conduitsfor Steam-Pipes, which is fully set forth in following specification.

When steam is conducted to a distance in pipes above or below ground, there is a waste of steam, loss of pressure, and production of water arising 'from the condensation of the steam in the pipes. This condensation, other things being equal, is in proportion to the de! fective insulation of the iron pipe by reason of the deficiency of non-conducting substancesv around it, and the study of the best system of insulation becomes of the highest importance. In pipes underground, especially, constant dampness must be fought, in conjunction with The latter is usually wrapped more or less effectively in asbestus cloth, porous gray paper, Manila paper, cows-hair felt, chopped straw, and loamy earth, plaster, &c. One of the methods which has given the best results heretofore,

for non-conductibility has been to place the' steam-pipe thus wrapped inside of a wooden set on heavy wooden planking.

is made to obtain an air-space by a partial utilization of the space between the wrapped steam-pipe and the wooden pipe; rbut it is irregular and ineffective. The objections to the wooden pipe are its uncertainty and lack of durability under the peculiar conditions in which it is placed of being constantly heated inside and cooled and wetted outside, its liability to checking and cracking from these causes destroying its non-conductibility5 and,- finally, its expense when any large steampipes are .to be covered, a twelve-inch pipe requiring a log fourteen to sixteen inches bore and about twenty-four inches outside dialneter. Logs of this size are difficult to obtain in any quantity-such as a large city would use in street steam-heating, for exampleand are expensive in any event. Built-up pipe of heavy wooden staves, banded with iron and asphalted, have been proposed, Vbut are very defective and leaky. The iron pipe has also been laid in a conduit built of common brick, as well as in a wooden box lilled in around the pipe with mineral wool.,77 lamp-black, powdered steatite or agalite, die. The objection to these powdered substances as insulating filling is that with time they settle down into a more and more compact mass, becoming thus better conductors of heat and leaving van empty unfilled space alcove.v

y It is known that the conducting-power of terracotta or burned brick is only about one thirty-fourth part of that of iron, and also that when it is made of a porous body, and not vitried like stoneware, its conductibility is only somewhat more than that of some woods, while it is even less than that of others. Moreover, the poor conductibilty of a layer of air not in motionis well known,'it being from about one-third to one-fourth of that of pine wood, even when the latter is taken under the most lfavorable case for it of a transmission of heat perpendicular to the'ibers. It is clear that a combination of these elements will give brick, cement, concrete, or artificial stone, or

other suitable material containing a nonfconducting air space or spaces in each brick, and curved, so as to be easily adjusted to forming the'circumference, which may consist of two or more bricks. The number and shape of the tubular air-spaces may be varied indefinitely. Of the materials named for the construction of the casing, porous terracotta is preferred, for several reasons, to wit: itis much lighter IOO than ordinary brick, and isa much better nonthat with large cavities.

conductor of heat, and more impervious to I moisture. It is, moreover, notliable to cracking under the action of heat and moisture, as

is the case with solid or hollow brick. These properties render it pre-eminently suitable for the' purposes of this invention, and, so far as I am aware, the use of porous terra-cotta for a non-conducting and water-proof casing has never been suggested previous to my invention. Vhile therefore I do not strictly limit myself thereto, I do make herein special claim to the use of porous terra-cotta for this purpose.

The material known as porous terra-cott a7 consists of an intimate mixture of clay with combustible material of vegetable origin, which in burning is destroyed, leaving` cavities,which give the brick a porous body like the texture of pumice-stone. The organic substances used in admixture with the clay are sawdust, peat, coal, straw, chopped straw, tan-bark, iiax, and the like in a state of iine division. Porous terra-cotta with fine cavities is far superior to Owing to the assistance given in burning by the combustible materials mixed with the clay, the amount of fuel required to burn a kiln of porous terracotta is less than that required for burning hollow brick.

Various examples of pipe constructed in accordance with the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are transverse ver tical sections, showing different constructions. Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are perspective views each of a hollow brick of the form used in the conduits shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, et, and 5, respectively; and Fig. (i, a perspective view of the conduit shown in Fig. 5.

A is the iron pipe inside, rest-ing on small segmental pieces of burned clay C, set a few feet apart, which preserve a uniform airspace around it. The hollow bricks B are made of different shapes, thickness, number, and size, according to circumstances. The method of making the `joints between the hollow bricks may be varied. For the joint in the crosssection of the pipe, Figs. l, 4E show a plain joint; Figs. 2, 3, a broken joint; Figs. 5, 6, atongue-and-groovejoint. Thejointbetween the bricks in the length of the pipe may be a plainjoint, as in Figs. l, 2, 3, 5, 6, or a lapjoint, as in Fig. 4. The principle of breaking all straight joints in the cross-section of the pipe and in the length of the pipe is preferable, as carrying out more thoroughly the object of making a more continuous protection against the passage of heat and perfection of adjustment in forming the pipe in place.

rlhe bricks should preferably be from three to six inches across in thickness, as compared with two to four inches for wood, in order that the air-space may be a large one and more effective. rlhe sides of the hollow brick should be about from one to two inches thick, according as the material used is burned clay or porous terra-cotta, and the bricks should be laid breaking joints, as in a wall, the joints being laid with cement. The bricks should preferably be about two feet long for rapid laying, with fewjoints. rlhe bricks, after or before setting,

should be covered on the outside with a coat ofeoal-tar, asphalt, or other suitable substance,

as a preservative against humidity; or they may be glazed on the outside by any of the well-known methods used for sewer-pipe. The

hollow brick invert, where used for drainage,= should not be glazed or coated with waterproof covering.

The pipe of hollow bricks may be supported on a hollow-brick invert, D, laid in t-he bottom of the trench, and which is used for drainage, as in Figs. 4, 2, 3. In Fig. l the invert forms the lowest brick of the pipe. The pipe of hollow bricks may be made circular,square, egg-shaped, &c., in section. Any of the insulating substances mentioned-mineral wool, Src-may be used around the iron pipe, ifdesired, between it and the hollow-brick pipe. By making the pipes in several pieces, as shown, with different methods of producing the joints in both directions, the resulting structure is peculiarly adapted for the special application of underground work.

The system above described has the advantage of being equally applicable to insulating large or small pipe, of being less expensive,of less average conduetibility and more durable than wood, and of being of less conductibility than common brick conduits, capable of use where the latter are not. Finally, a pipe is obtained which can be built to suit any circumstances, to allow for branches, serviceboxes, &e., and which, when made of hardburned hollow brick or of porous terracotta, &c., consists of materials remarkable for their indestructibility. Further, owing to the terracotta pipe being air-tight, practically, the infiltration of gases from leaks in gas-pipes laid in streets will not occur, and thus the eX- plosions which have happened will be prevented.

Instead of porous terra-cotta, any other suitable material-such as artificial stones of cem ent, lime, sand, &c., coneretes of coal-tar, asphaltum, coke-dust, breeze, gravel, &e., light ioating brick of infusorial or silieious earth and clay or other materials, all in combination with any system of conveying in metal pipes steam, hot air, gas, hot water, smoke, &c., to a distance underground-may be used, but not to the same advantage, the porous terra-cotta being, for the reasons above given, the preferred material, and being specifically claimed herein.

l. A easing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, &c. composed of separatehollowpieces, made of porous terra-cotta, jointed together. substantially as described.

2. A easing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas,

smoke, &c. composed of separate hollow pieces,

IOO

IIO

made of porous terra-cotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap-joints in cross-section, substantially as dey scribed.

' 32 A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Sie. composed of separate hollow pieces, made of porous terra-cotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap-joints in horizontal section, substantially as described.

4. A casing -for underground metalvpipes for con-veying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Snc. composed of separate hollow pieces, made of. porous terrac ott-a, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap-joints in cross-section and in horizontal section, substantially as described.

5. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, 8m; ,composed ofseparate hollowpieces, made lof burned clay or 'porous terra-cotta, jointed together, substantially as described,

4 said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to forman air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, substantially as described.

6. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas,

- smoke, Sto., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lapj oints in crosssection, substantially as described, said ca-sing and nietal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, substantially as described. 7. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Src., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove j oints or lap-joints in horizontal section, substantially as' described, said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, substantially as described.

8.- A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Src., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap -j oints in crosssection and in horizontal section, substantially as described, said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, substantially as described. j

9. In combination with a casing for metal underground pipes, an invert` for drainage, substantially as described.

10. A casing for-underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, h'ot. air, gas, smoke, 85o., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together, and having an invert for drainage, substantially as described.

11. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, the., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap-j oints in crosssection, and having an invert for drainage,

' substantially as described.

l2. A vcasing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, &c., composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together 4by broken joints or tongue-and-groove joints or lap-jointsin horizontal section, and having an invert for drainage, substantially as described.

13. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, &c'. composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porousterra-cotta, j ointed together by broken joints or tongue-andgroove joints or lap-joints in cross-section and in horizontal section, and having an invert for drainage, substantially as described'.

14. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot'water, hot air, gas, smoke, &c. composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clayjor porous terracotta, j ointed together, substantially as described, said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, and having an invert for drainage,

sm oke,'&c. composed of separate hollow pieces,

made of burned clay or porous terra-cotta, j ointed together by broken joints or tongue-andgroovel j oints or lap-j oints in crosssection, substantially as described, said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe'and the casing, and having an invert'for drainage, substantially as described. Y

16. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam, hot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Snc. ,composed ofseparatehollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terracotta, jointed together by broken joints or tongue-andgroove joints or lap-joints in horizontalsection, substantially as described, said casing and metal pipe being so combined as to form an air-space between the metal pipe and the casing, and having an invert for drainage, substantially as described.

17. A casing for underground metal pipes for conveying steam,vhot water, hot air, gas, smoke, Src. composed of separate hollow pieces, made of burned clay or porous terra-cotta, j ointved together by broken joints or tongue-and- IOO smoke, &e. composed ol'sepamL-e hollow pieces snrfaee covered wit-h Coal-tar, asphalt, silicate' or brieksund having miinterioiiillingor hiyer paint7 glazing, oi' other water-prooi Covering, composed ol' non-conducting substance-such substantially as desellbed.

us mineral wooloiplaster-orofnon-eoin'lnet- In testimony whereof I have signed this 5 ing` and water-repelling substance-such as speei'lieabion in the presence oF two subserib- I5 hnnp-blaek-substznltially as described. ing witnesses.

19. A easing for nmlergronnd metal pipes LEONARD F. BEGIVITH. for eonveyinf|` steznn, heb water, hot nir, gas, \Vit11esses: smoke, &e., composedofsepmratehollowpieces B. F. Lian,

1o or bricks of porous terra-Colm, having their JOHN )[eCLURn.