US2942687A - Centrifugal separator for exhaust gases - Google Patents

Centrifugal separator for exhaust gases Download PDF

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US2942687A
US2942687A US622376A US62237656A US2942687A US 2942687 A US2942687 A US 2942687A US 622376 A US622376 A US 622376A US 62237656 A US62237656 A US 62237656A US 2942687 A US2942687 A US 2942687A
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Prior art keywords
exhaust
gases
exhaust gases
separator
engine
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US622376A
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Melvin M Kollander
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/037—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/02—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement
    • F01N2290/04—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with continuous rotary movement driven by exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S60/00—Power plants
    • Y10S60/902—Rotary reactor, separator or treater of exhaust of an internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to an exhaust gas separator for a power plant such-as an internal combustion engine of the turbine type which incomorates a centrifugal device for separating the heavier unburnable gases from the lighter burnable gases.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a separator in the exhaust system of a turbine engine for separating the heavier products of combustion from the lighter unburned portion thereof and subsequently discharging the heavier products of combustion and returning the lighter or unburned particles back to the intake of the engine for re-use thus increasing the efliciency of the engine.
  • Figure l is a perspective view of the exhaust separator of the present invention associated with a turbine engine
  • Figure 2 is a detailed sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 2-2 of Figure 1 illustrating the details of construction of the centrifugal separator for the exhaust products;
  • Figure 3 is a detailed sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 33 of Figure 2 and looking upwardly for illustrating further structural details of the exhaust product separator.
  • the numeral 10 generally designates the turbine engine with the exhaust gas separator mounted thereon.
  • the engine forms no part of this invention but is illustrated in order to describe a preferred use of the separator.
  • the details of the structure for mounting the engine 10 are not shown inasmuch as various types of supporting arrangements may be employed for supporting the engine in any desired position. Additionally, the details of an exhaust stack as well as the details of inlet air screening mechanisms and other necessary auxiliaries are not specifically disclosed inasmuch as these arrangements will be adapted for each individual installation. While the separator is primarily adapted for use with a stationary constant speed engine, it may be employed in combination with various types of internal combustion engines.
  • the turbine engine 10 includes a generally cylindrical body or casing provided with an outwardly flared portion 16 at the front or intake end thereof together with inwardly extending radial arms 18 forming a support for a longitudinal shaft of a compressor.
  • a centrifugal blower housing 30 which receives the air from the compressor and further compresses the same and discharges the same tangentially into a conduit 32 which discharges into an enlarged plenum chamber 34 thus maintaining the plenum chamber 34 under pressure and the chamber 34-is communicated with an inlet to the engine.
  • the shaft 86 also drives a centrifuge impeller designated by the numeral 90 which is specifically illustrated in Figure 3 as being a hollow star-shaped member having radially projecting hollow arms 92with'orifices 94 atthe outer ends thereof.
  • a central impeller 96 having radial arms is rotatable therewith -and a pluralityof apertures 98 is provided in the upper wall of the impeller and also a plurality of apertures 100 is provided in the upper-wall of the casing or housing whereby light products of combustion will pass through the casing wall 100 while the heavy products of combustion will pass tangentially from the discharge conduit 102 in the side wall or peripheral wall of the casing 100.
  • the light combustion products will retain portions of burnable material and are fed into the center of a centrifugal blower or compressor impeller 104 disposed in a suitable housing 106 which feeds back into the intake of the compressor through conduit 108.
  • a by-pass line 110 may be provided between the plenum chamber 34 and the intake of the compressor for maintaining the plenum chamber pressure at a constant predetermined pressure.
  • the exhaust gases pass through a quench screen and then the exhaust gases flow into the centrifugal separator in which the heavy gases containing free carbon and carbon dioxide are vented and discharged to the atmosphere and thelighter gases containing carbon monoxide and aldehydes representing unburned fuel are returned to the compressor for regeneration.
  • the energy of gases vented to the atmosphere may be utilized in driving the centrifuge through single stage turbines.
  • the use of the turbine operated centrifuge facilitates the passage of the exhaust gases through the area of the quench screens without any appreciable pressure loss.
  • the process for returning a portion of the exhaust gases to the compressor not only returns unused fuel to the plenum chamber but also utilizes the heat of exhaust gases to elevate inlet air temperature further increasing the engine efliciency.
  • a centrifugal separator for the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprising a generally vertically disposed cylindrical housing having a tangential exhaust opening for heavy gases at the periphery of the housing, an inlet opening in the bottom of the housing for receiving exhaust gases and an outlet opening in the top thereof, an impeller rotatable Within the housing, said impeller including top and bottom plates and hollow diverging radial arms generally defining a hollow starshaped member with openings at the points of the starshaped member for rotating the gases throughout their radial movement for discharge of heavy gases to the tangential exhaust opening, said lower plate having an enlarged opening aligned with the inlet opening in the housing, said upper plate having a plurality of openings aligned with the outlet opening inthe housing for discharging light gases from the center of the housing.
  • peller is disposed centrally withinlthei starasha'pedmenrher for initial: centrifugal movement of the incoming exhaust gases receivedrfrom the :internal conibustionengine.
  • a separator for exhaust products of combustionfc'om-' prising a-generallygcylindrieal casing having generally parallel: endlflwalls; said casing having a tangential discharge conduit communicated therewith, an impeller i'otatably mounted, in said casing,isaid impeller having an minating in; Jorifices; ,dispOsedIin. .adjacent'crelation to :the
  • Ienlarged hollow central. area and a plurality of. hollow radial arms communicating with the, central area and terthe other ofsaidQend walls including 'centrally' disposed outlet means, andgmeans communicating with'theoutlet means for pumping light weight gases away from the out- I a 4 V let means, the centrifugal force exerted on the exhaust products 'by rotation of said vimpeller causing thetheavy gases to be discharged through the orifices and discharge conduit with the light gases being discharged from the outlet means to the pump means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

June 28, 1960 M. M. KOLLANDER 2,942,637
CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR FOR BJG-IAUST GASES Filed Nov. 15, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig-2 I04 i II UI W ,0 WW:
Melvin M. ko llan o'er I N V EN TOR.
ou? y% June 28, 1960 M. M. KOLLANDER CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR FOR EXHAUST GASES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 15, 1956 Melvin M. Ko/lan der INVENTOR.
CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR. FOR EXHAUST GASES Melvin M. Kollander, 501 4th St. N.W., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Filed Nov. 15,1956, Ser. No. 622,376
3 Claims. (Cl. 183-4) The present invention generally relates to an exhaust gas separator for a power plant such-as an internal combustion engine of the turbine type which incomorates a centrifugal device for separating the heavier unburnable gases from the lighter burnable gases.
An object of the present invention is to provide a separator in the exhaust system of a turbine engine for separating the heavier products of combustion from the lighter unburned portion thereof and subsequently discharging the heavier products of combustion and returning the lighter or unburned particles back to the intake of the engine for re-use thus increasing the efliciency of the engine.
Other objects of the present invention will reside in its simplicity of construction, reduction of moving parts to a minimum, adaptation for many uses, compactness in orientation of elements and its light weight.
These together with other objects and advantages which Will become subsequently apparent reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
Figure l is a perspective view of the exhaust separator of the present invention associated with a turbine engine;
Figure 2 is a detailed sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 2-2 of Figure 1 illustrating the details of construction of the centrifugal separator for the exhaust products; and
Figure 3 is a detailed sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 33 of Figure 2 and looking upwardly for illustrating further structural details of the exhaust product separator.
Referring now specifically to the drawings, the numeral 10 generally designates the turbine engine with the exhaust gas separator mounted thereon. The engine forms no part of this invention but is illustrated in order to describe a preferred use of the separator. The details of the structure for mounting the engine 10 are not shown inasmuch as various types of supporting arrangements may be employed for supporting the engine in any desired position. Additionally, the details of an exhaust stack as well as the details of inlet air screening mechanisms and other necessary auxiliaries are not specifically disclosed inasmuch as these arrangements will be adapted for each individual installation. While the separator is primarily adapted for use with a stationary constant speed engine, it may be employed in combination with various types of internal combustion engines.
Briefly, the turbine engine 10 includes a generally cylindrical body or casing provided with an outwardly flared portion 16 at the front or intake end thereof together with inwardly extending radial arms 18 forming a support for a longitudinal shaft of a compressor. At the rear of the casing is a centrifugal blower housing 30 which receives the air from the compressor and further compresses the same and discharges the same tangentially into a conduit 32 which discharges into an enlarged plenum chamber 34 thus maintaining the plenum chamber 34 under pressure and the chamber 34-is communicated with an inlet to the engine.
The exhaust conduit 64 from the engine'extends into acentrifugal separator generally designated by the numeral 82 and including asingle stage conventionalturbine 84 which'is mounted-on and drives a vertical shaft 86 supported on suitable bearings 88. The shaft 86 also drives a centrifuge impeller designated by the numeral 90 which is specifically illustrated in Figure 3 as being a hollow star-shaped member having radially projecting hollow arms 92with'orifices 94 atthe outer ends thereof. A central impeller 96 having radial arms is rotatable therewith -and a pluralityof apertures 98 is provided in the upper wall of the impeller and also a plurality of apertures 100 is provided in the upper-wall of the casing or housing whereby light products of combustion will pass through the casing wall 100 while the heavy products of combustion will pass tangentially from the discharge conduit 102 in the side wall or peripheral wall of the casing 100. The light combustion products will retain portions of burnable material and are fed into the center of a centrifugal blower or compressor impeller 104 disposed in a suitable housing 106 which feeds back into the intake of the compressor through conduit 108. Thus, theburnable products in the exhaust are returned to the intake of the compressor for re-use thus increasing the efliciency of the unit. Also, a by-pass line 110 may be provided between the plenum chamber 34 and the intake of the compressor for maintaining the plenum chamber pressure at a constant predetermined pressure.
The exhaust gases pass through a quench screen and then the exhaust gases flow into the centrifugal separator in which the heavy gases containing free carbon and carbon dioxide are vented and discharged to the atmosphere and thelighter gases containing carbon monoxide and aldehydes representing unburned fuel are returned to the compressor for regeneration. If required, the energy of gases vented to the atmosphere may be utilized in driving the centrifuge through single stage turbines. The use of the turbine operated centrifuge facilitates the passage of the exhaust gases through the area of the quench screens without any appreciable pressure loss. The process for returning a portion of the exhaust gases to the compressor not only returns unused fuel to the plenum chamber but also utilizes the heat of exhaust gases to elevate inlet air temperature further increasing the engine efliciency.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention as claimed.
What is claimed as new is as follows:
1. A centrifugal separator for the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine comprising a generally vertically disposed cylindrical housing having a tangential exhaust opening for heavy gases at the periphery of the housing, an inlet opening in the bottom of the housing for receiving exhaust gases and an outlet opening in the top thereof, an impeller rotatable Within the housing, said impeller including top and bottom plates and hollow diverging radial arms generally defining a hollow starshaped member with openings at the points of the starshaped member for rotating the gases throughout their radial movement for discharge of heavy gases to the tangential exhaust opening, said lower plate having an enlarged opening aligned with the inlet opening in the housing, said upper plate having a plurality of openings aligned with the outlet opening inthe housing for discharging light gases from the center of the housing.
* *2; The combination of. clair'n', 1'"whereina rsmall .ini-
peller is disposed centrally withinlthei starasha'pedmenrher for initial: centrifugal movement of the incoming exhaust gases receivedrfrom the :internal conibustionengine.
.- 3. A separator for exhaust products of combustionfc'om-' prising ,a-generallygcylindrieal casing having generally parallel: endlflwalls; said casing having a tangential discharge conduit communicated therewith, an impeller i'otatably mounted, in said casing,isaid impeller having an minating in; Jorifices; ,dispOsedIin. .adjacent'crelation to :the
inner surface ofthe casing; oneofisaidaend walls having a centrally disposed'inlet' opening for exhaust products,
Ienlarged hollow central. area: anda plurality of. hollow radial arms communicating with the, central area and terthe other ofsaidQend walls including 'centrally' disposed outlet means, andgmeans communicating with'theoutlet means for pumping light weight gases away from the out- I a 4 V let means, the centrifugal force exerted on the exhaust products 'by rotation of said vimpeller causing thetheavy gases to be discharged through the orifices and discharge conduit with the light gases being discharged from the outlet means to the pump means.
References Cited. inthe file of this patent p U rED STATES PATENTS 7,
800,684 'Schneider Oct. 3, 1905 656,882 France p Jan. 7, 1929
US622376A 1956-11-15 1956-11-15 Centrifugal separator for exhaust gases Expired - Lifetime US2942687A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3132473A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-05-12 Union Oil Co Exhaust purifying apparatus and method
US3239150A (en) * 1961-11-29 1966-03-08 Continental Aviat & Eng Corp Thrust vector control
US3273325A (en) * 1963-01-09 1966-09-20 Universal Oil Prod Co Rotary gas separator
US3426513A (en) * 1967-11-13 1969-02-11 Kurt Bauer Vehicular vortex cyclone type air and gas purifying device
US3686831A (en) * 1970-01-07 1972-08-29 Nash Engineering Co Centrifuge type separator
US3892070A (en) * 1970-05-08 1975-07-01 Ranendra K Bose Automobile anti-air pollution device
US3944406A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-03-16 Veb Chemieanlagenbau-Und Montagekombinat Centrifugal pump for pumping liquids with heavy gas content
WO1992013180A1 (en) * 1991-01-29 1992-08-06 Brian Wade Particle and light and heavy fluid separator
US6725644B2 (en) 1999-05-18 2004-04-27 Arthur Vanmoor Combined input and output system for an internal combustion engine and turbine power plant
US20040159089A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2004-08-19 Arthur Vanmoor Combined input and output system for a combustion engine and turbine power plant
US20090000300A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Compressor in the Intake Tract of an Internal Combustion Engine
EP2136044A1 (en) * 2008-06-21 2009-12-23 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Particle separator and method for separating particles from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US800684A (en) * 1903-10-12 1905-10-03 William E Schneider Rotary hydrocarbon-engine.
US1237302A (en) * 1916-04-04 1917-08-21 George James Cooper Internal-combustion engine.
US1350880A (en) * 1920-08-24 Botaby gas-engine
US1586980A (en) * 1923-05-21 1926-06-01 Pont Eleuthere Paul Du Air cleaner for automobile carburetors
FR645564A (en) * 1927-01-15 1928-10-27 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for the separation of constituents of gas mixtures
FR656882A (en) * 1928-07-02 1929-05-14 Method and apparatus for carburizing
US1848561A (en) * 1932-03-08 jt ftl a j
US2140953A (en) * 1936-05-08 1938-12-20 Dugan Frank Clay Separator
US2147670A (en) * 1934-04-26 1939-02-21 Motor Power Inc Method and apparatus for treating and utilizing exhaust gases of internal combustionengines
US2147671A (en) * 1937-07-15 1939-02-21 Motor Power Inc Centrifugal gas separator
US2763982A (en) * 1952-01-29 1956-09-25 Gen Motors Corp Centrifugal apparatus for treating exhaust gas

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1350880A (en) * 1920-08-24 Botaby gas-engine
US1848561A (en) * 1932-03-08 jt ftl a j
US800684A (en) * 1903-10-12 1905-10-03 William E Schneider Rotary hydrocarbon-engine.
US1237302A (en) * 1916-04-04 1917-08-21 George James Cooper Internal-combustion engine.
US1586980A (en) * 1923-05-21 1926-06-01 Pont Eleuthere Paul Du Air cleaner for automobile carburetors
FR645564A (en) * 1927-01-15 1928-10-27 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for the separation of constituents of gas mixtures
FR656882A (en) * 1928-07-02 1929-05-14 Method and apparatus for carburizing
US2147670A (en) * 1934-04-26 1939-02-21 Motor Power Inc Method and apparatus for treating and utilizing exhaust gases of internal combustionengines
US2140953A (en) * 1936-05-08 1938-12-20 Dugan Frank Clay Separator
US2147671A (en) * 1937-07-15 1939-02-21 Motor Power Inc Centrifugal gas separator
US2763982A (en) * 1952-01-29 1956-09-25 Gen Motors Corp Centrifugal apparatus for treating exhaust gas

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3132473A (en) * 1960-07-01 1964-05-12 Union Oil Co Exhaust purifying apparatus and method
US3239150A (en) * 1961-11-29 1966-03-08 Continental Aviat & Eng Corp Thrust vector control
US3273325A (en) * 1963-01-09 1966-09-20 Universal Oil Prod Co Rotary gas separator
US3426513A (en) * 1967-11-13 1969-02-11 Kurt Bauer Vehicular vortex cyclone type air and gas purifying device
US3686831A (en) * 1970-01-07 1972-08-29 Nash Engineering Co Centrifuge type separator
US3892070A (en) * 1970-05-08 1975-07-01 Ranendra K Bose Automobile anti-air pollution device
US3944406A (en) * 1973-12-20 1976-03-16 Veb Chemieanlagenbau-Und Montagekombinat Centrifugal pump for pumping liquids with heavy gas content
US5554343A (en) * 1991-01-29 1996-09-10 Wade; Brian Particle and light and heavy fluid separator
WO1992013180A1 (en) * 1991-01-29 1992-08-06 Brian Wade Particle and light and heavy fluid separator
US6725644B2 (en) 1999-05-18 2004-04-27 Arthur Vanmoor Combined input and output system for an internal combustion engine and turbine power plant
US20040159089A1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2004-08-19 Arthur Vanmoor Combined input and output system for a combustion engine and turbine power plant
US20090000300A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Compressor in the Intake Tract of an Internal Combustion Engine
JP2009008082A (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-15 Mann & Hummel Gmbh Compressor in intake passage of internal combustion engine and turbo charger with the compressor built in
US7958729B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2011-06-14 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Compressor in the intake tract of an internal combustion engine
EP2136044A1 (en) * 2008-06-21 2009-12-23 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Particle separator and method for separating particles from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine
US20090317314A1 (en) * 2008-06-21 2009-12-24 Andreas Doring Particle Separator and Method for Removing Particles from an Exhaust Gas Stream of an Internal Combustion Engine
US7850934B2 (en) 2008-06-21 2010-12-14 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Particle separator and method for removing particles from an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine
CN101608564B (en) * 2008-06-21 2013-07-03 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 Particle separator and method for separating particles from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine

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