US2941259A - Filament processing - Google Patents

Filament processing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2941259A
US2941259A US610498A US61049856A US2941259A US 2941259 A US2941259 A US 2941259A US 610498 A US610498 A US 610498A US 61049856 A US61049856 A US 61049856A US 2941259 A US2941259 A US 2941259A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
zone
rolls
sliver
gear
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Expired - Lifetime
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US610498A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr James L Lohrke
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to NL237998D priority Critical patent/NL237998A/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US610498A priority patent/US2941259A/en
Priority to CH346647D priority patent/CH346647A/fr
Priority to GB29291/57A priority patent/GB857829A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2941259A publication Critical patent/US2941259A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/227—Control of the stretching tension; Localisation of the stretching neck; Draw-pins

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processing of filaments, concerning especially multiple drawing of continuous filaments composed of organic polymers.
  • textile filaments Before manufacture into textile or industrial prod ucts, organic polymeric monofilament and multifilament, referred to generally herein as textile filaments, often are drawn to increased length, a step customarily attended by increased macromolecular orientation along the filamentary axis and consequent tenacity increase and accompanying changes in other physical properties of the drawn filaments. Sometimes more than one drawing operation is performed, as when the manufacturer draws the filaments after their extrusion and solidification and then a subsequent processor redraws them before or during processing of them into fabric.
  • a primary object of the present invention is novel multiple drawing of textile filaments.
  • An object is improvement in properties of filaments by cyclical drawing and relaxation.
  • a further object is improved conversion of multifilament tow into staple sliver.
  • Fig. l is a diagrammatic block diagram representing practice of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially schematized showing of a portion of 'Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3A is a somewhat schematic elevation of apparatus useful in the practice of this invention and corresponding to the more general showing of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 3B is a plan of the apparatus of Fig. 3A.
  • Fig. 4A is a similar schematic elevation of further apparatus useful according to the present invention;
  • Fig. 4B is a plan of the apparatus of Fig. 4A.
  • Fig. 5A is a similar elevation of yet other apparatus of the present invention;
  • Fig. 5B is a plan of the apparatus of Fig. 5A.
  • Fig. 6 is an elevation, also schematic, of apparatus corresponding to Fig. 1.
  • the objects of the present invention are accomplished by subjecting textile filaments to a succession of drawing steps.
  • the invention contemplates particularly, in the drawing of textile filaments to increased length, the improvement comprising running the filaments through a-tensioning zone in which the tension applied to each portion of the filaments varies between a predetermined maximum and a predetermined minimum more than once during their passage through the zone without breaking the filaments.
  • staple sliver produced directly from multifilament tow predrawn on the run through more than one such cycle of alternate tension and relative relaxation before introduction into the conversion zone. Apparatus for attaining these ends is illustrated in the drawings and described below.
  • Fig.1 shows in block form filamentary band, bundle, or strand 1 being processed according to this invention.
  • Feeding means introduces the filaments into a drawing zone from which they are withdrawn by forwarding means, which in turn introduces them into a conversion zone. There the filaments are converted into sliver 10;
  • drive means having an impulser, i.e., including mechanism effective to vary the drawing range by varying in cyclic manner the ratio of feeding and forwarding rates and thereby varying the tension to which the filaments are subjected in the drawing zone.
  • Fig. 2 shows the drive and impulse means broken down into a constant drive and a cyclic drive; accompanying the drive means is double-pole, double-throw switch 2.
  • Pair of rolls 3, 3' and pair of rolls 4, 4' constitute the feeding means and the forwarding means, respectively.
  • the switch has a central contact adapted to apply the constant drive through one of the contacting arms to either the feeding or the forwarding rolls, depending upon which of the two arms is touching that contact, and has two flanking contacts adapted to apply the cyclic drive to the other arm of the switch and, thus, to the filament-advancing rolls at the other end of the drawing zone.
  • the cyclic variation in the rate at which the filaments either are fed into the drawing zone located between the pairs of rolls or are withdrawn from the zone alternately stretches them without breaking and allows them to recover or relax wholly or partly from the stretching or drawing step.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B show an arrangement of apparatus cor-responding to the setting of the switch in Fig. 2; Fig. 3A represents the various elements in elevation, and Fig. 3B represents the same elements in plan.
  • Drive shaft 14 of roll 4 driven at constant speed by suitable means, not shown, carries circular gear 24 in mesh with similarly shaped gear 26 carried on idler shaft 15.
  • the idler shaft also carries elliptical gear 25 in mesh with elliptical gear 23 mounted on drive shaft 13 of roll 3.
  • rotation of roll 4 to forward the strand of filaments at a constant rate in the direction indicated by the arrows is accompanied by rotation of roll 3 at a cyclically varying rate, thus providing a ratio of feeding (into the drawing zone) to forwarding (out from the zone) that varies continually between a predetermined maximum and a predetermined minimum as the elliptical gears make each half revolution.
  • This variation alternately stretches or draws the filaments as a group and allows them to relax or recover to shorter length in between times.
  • any given part of each filament is subjected to more than a complete drawing cycle during its passage from the feeding rolls to the forwarding rolls, e.g., being stretched from a relaxed condition, then relaxed, and finally stretched again.
  • the filaments retain part of the increase in length induced during each drawing cycle, and the average surface speed of the forwarding rolls is maintained appreciably above that of the feeding rolls (an overrunning maintained here by apparent choice of the interconnecting circular gears) so as to accommodate (and fix) a net extension or average draw of the filaments.
  • FIGs. 4A and 4B are schematic representations of the elements in elevation and in correspond ing plan.
  • the feeding and forwarding rolls are attached to the respective roll shafts the same as in Figs. 3A and 3B.
  • Forwarding shaft 14 carries circular gear 34, while similar gear 33 (instead of elliptical gear 23) is mounted on feeding shaft 13.
  • Gear 33 engages idler gear 37 on shaft 17, and it in'turn meshes with gear 38 on shaft 18, which also carries elliptical gear 39.
  • This elliptical gear meshes with elliptical gear 35 mounted on shaft 19; this shaft also carries gear 36, in mesh with gear 34 on the output or forwarding shaft.
  • This arrangement differs from that of Figs.
  • 3A and 3B primarily by relegating the elliptical gears to shafts independent of the roll shafts, an arrangement which not only facilitates wider pas pf e lssthsm lv shl i lsqs nr s st tu of u h gears fo d rsntg is tv r ti it alsopermits variation in therelative sizes of the various circular gears or the rolls themselves, which is conducive to changes in thenumber of drawing cycles to which each filament is subjected, as well as to adjustment of the averagedraw. r
  • the number of shafts interposed between the, shafts of the two yarn-advancing rolls is odd in orderto insure rotation of ,IbOih.lIl the same direction.
  • the elliptical gears exemplify generally those gear configurations (including, among others, cardioid, oval, square") .that can be employed to provide a cyclic variation in the rate at which the strand of filaments enters the drawing zone (or leaves the'zone, as may be arranged by interchanging the relative positions of the gears), It will be apparent from the diagrams last discussed that the cycle of operations may be performed upon the subject filaments several or many times while any given part of each filament is in the drawing zone.
  • Fig. 6 shows in elevation like pairs of feeding and forwarding rolls with the filaments shown intervening and proceeding onward to be converted by severing and drafting into a sliver of staple fibers the conversion being performed in a manner known in the art (and for that reason, shown only schematically).
  • the mechanism for varying the draw of the filaments in the zone between the feeding and forwarding rolls is omitted from this view for clarity, it being understood thatone of the systems shown in the preceding views (or an equivalent) will be employed.
  • the filaments pass between intermeshing ridged'rollersor breaker bars" 61, 62 that act to break the filaments in their passage toward fluted delivery rolls 63 and Belt '64 passes through the nipof the delivery rolls and about roll 63 of the pair and overheadidlerroll 66.
  • the fibers (which itself is continuous) is termed a sliver.”
  • Additional rolls 67 and 69 receive sliver 10 and may pass it on to conventional crimping or winding mechanism (not shown). Overrunning of the delivery rolls beyond the surface speed of forwarding rolls 4 and 4', or of final rolls 67 and 69 over the speed of the delivery rolls, drafts the sliver to increased length by causing various of the staple fibers to slide past one another without separating from the sliver.
  • cyclic variation of draft may be imposed upon the forming or formed sliver by control of tension or speed ofthe delivery rolls or the final rolls (or both) in like manner to that described for the Furthermore, such cyclic drafting variation may be phased so as to oppose or cancel in the sliver some existing unevenness, e.g., nonuniformity in total denier (or other physical characteristic), attributable to the cyclic drawing to which the vmaterial subjected in the earlier part' of the operatio'n.
  • some existing unevenness e.g., nonuniformity in total denier (or other physical characteristic
  • Elevated temperature is conducive to drawing, as well as to relaxation, of some textile fibers, as is well known; of course, a final separate relaxing operation may bedesirable to stabilize the product length ag'a inst further shrinkage, especially where very high tenacities are not required in the product.
  • an abrupt or square-wave" variation can be imposed upon the filaments being processed, as by means of gears withinterrupted sets of teeth or highly irregular outline.
  • One or more differential gearing arrangements may be employed, as will be apparent, to facilitate change in the cycling ratio.
  • the filaments may be converted into staple by cutting and then be recombined into sliver and then into yarn by the conventional processes of card'- ing, drafting, twisting, etc, as an alternative to the illustrated direct conversion method, although an especial advantage of the present invention is its facilitation of direct conversion of tow into sliver to be spun into staple yarn.
  • Practice of this invention provides staple yarn having softer handle than that made in comparable conventional manner, an advantage carried throughremarkably undiminished to fabrics made from it.
  • repeated drawing according to the invention is beneficial to physical characteristics of textile tow itself, e.g., generally increasing the tenacity without necessarily greatly reducing its elongation to the breaking point, high values ofboth being obviously desirable for threads, twines, and ropes, as well as many fabric end-products.
  • a particular benefit of the present invention is production of sliver and yarn composed of staple fibers having finer individual denier than can be processed readily in a system requiring complete severing of the tow bundle into discontinuous lengths and recombination of the staple fibers from a heterogeneous fibrous mass.
  • the increased tenacity of the fibers is especially beneficial where fine yarnsso composed are to be subjected to the appreciable tensions encountered in knitting, weaving, or other modes or fabric manufacture. Additional advantag'es and benefits of the present invention be apparent and will accrue to those undertakingto practice
  • This invention is not limited to use with any particular composition of textile filament but is adapted to processing of known organic compositions generally, including those having cellulosic, polyacrylic, polyamide, polyester, or polyhydrocarbon structures.
  • the invention is expected to prove similarly beneficial to filaments made from organic polymers not now commercial or not even known at this time, perhaps most importantly the thermoplastics among them.
  • a three denier-per-cfilament polyacrylonitrile tow previously drawn to four times its original length was processed on the equipment of Fig. 6 equipped with elliptical gears arranged to give a ninefold draw range (i.e., a ratio of nine times, computed as maximum to minimum of applied draw) and to impose four complete drawing cycles upon every part of each filament during its passage through the drawing zone.
  • a maximum final filament length of 2.5 times the original length i.e., an average draw of 2.5x
  • Processing temperature was 150 C.
  • the claimed invention is:
  • the improvement comprising runn-ing the filaments in orientable condition through a tensioniug zone in which the tension applied to each portion of the filaments varies between the predetermined maximum and a predetermined minimum more than once during their passage through the zone while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • the improvement comprising feeding the filaments in orientable condition at constant rate into a drawing zone and withdrawing them continuously from the zone at a rate varying between a S predetermined maximum and a predetermined minimum more than once while any given part of each filament is in the zone while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • the improvement comprising feeding the filaments in orientable condition into a drawing zone at a rate varying between a predetermined maximum and a predetermined minimum more than once while any part of each filament is in the zone and withdrawing the filaments from the zone at a constant rate while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • Process of continuously converting a multi filament tow into sliver comprising passing the tow into and through a drawing zone to increase the length of the filaments, characterized by subjecting each portion of the filaments passing through said zone to more than one cycle of alternate tension and relaxation while maintaining the continuity of the filaments, thereafter passing the tow through a conversion zone and subjecting the filaments to stretch-breaking to convert the tow into sliver.
  • Apparatus for producing highly-stretched filaments of increased length comprising means for feeding solidified textile filaments into a drawing zone, means for withdrawing the filaments from the drawing zone, and means for controlling the ratio of feed rate to withdrawal rate of the filaments, including means for varying the ratio cyclically more than once during passage of any given part of each filament through the drawing zone while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • Apparatus comprising means for feeding solidified textile filaments into a drawing zone, means for withdrawing the filaments under tension from the zone, and means for controlling the tension applied to the filaments in the zone, including means for varying the applied tension cyclically more than once during passage of any given pant of each filament through the drawing zone while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • Process of treating solidified textile filaments comprising supporting the filaments in a predetermined substantially fixed path throughout a zone of constant length and extending the filaments throughout the zone in cyclic manner more than once to increase the length of the filaments while maintaining their continuity.
  • Process comprising supporting a given length interval of solidified textile filaments in a substantially fixed path on the run in a drawing zone and cyclically varying, throughout such zone, the actual length of the subject filaments more than once while maintaining constant in extent the end-to-end spacing of the supported length interval and maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • Process comprising running orientable textile filaments in orientable condition in a substantially fixed path between a pair of supports maintained a fixed distance apart and cyclically extending the filaments more than once while maintaining them in said fixed path between the supports while maintaining the continuity of the filaments.
  • the improvement comprising varying the extension of the filaments more than once in cyclic manner while applying the extensional force to a constant length interval of the filaments and maintaining their continuity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US610498A 1956-09-18 1956-09-18 Filament processing Expired - Lifetime US2941259A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL237998D NL237998A (xx) 1956-09-18
US610498A US2941259A (en) 1956-09-18 1956-09-18 Filament processing
CH346647D CH346647A (fr) 1956-09-18 1957-09-17 Procédé pour le traitement de filaments textiles, appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et produit textile obtenu au moyen dudit procédé
GB29291/57A GB857829A (en) 1956-09-18 1957-09-17 Improvements in or relating to processes of and apparatus for drawing synthetic filaments

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US610498A US2941259A (en) 1956-09-18 1956-09-18 Filament processing

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US2941259A true US2941259A (en) 1960-06-21

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US610498A Expired - Lifetime US2941259A (en) 1956-09-18 1956-09-18 Filament processing

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CH (1) CH346647A (xx)
GB (1) GB857829A (xx)
NL (1) NL237998A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3086252A (en) * 1961-08-22 1963-04-23 American Viscose Corp Method of producing staple fibers
US3469285A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-09-30 Du Pont Apparatus and process for stretch breaking filamentary tow
US4477526A (en) * 1982-06-18 1984-10-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High strength aramid spun yarn
US4667463A (en) * 1978-03-24 1987-05-26 Toray Industries, Inc. Process and apparatus for making fasciated yarn
US4771596A (en) * 1970-04-20 1988-09-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of making fiber composite
US20040097149A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-05-20 James Crawford Pitch based graphite fabrics and needled punched felts for fuel cell gas diffusion layer substrates and high thermal conductivity reinforced composites
CN114318619A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种提高网络复丝网络牢度的方法

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1898085A (en) * 1928-09-13 1933-02-21 Celanese Corp Production of artificial filaments, yarns, or threads
US2061614A (en) * 1930-07-12 1936-11-24 Celanese Corp Production of textile yarns
US2123936A (en) * 1928-12-20 1938-07-19 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of artificial filaments
US2227186A (en) * 1937-02-19 1940-12-31 Hamel Edmund Apparatus for producing staple fiber
US2247529A (en) * 1936-08-06 1941-07-01 Celanese Corp Production from continuous filaments of yarns exhibiting the characteristics of staple fiber yarns
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
US2292905A (en) * 1938-09-30 1942-08-11 Du Pont Artificial filament
GB554203A (en) * 1941-12-22 1943-06-24 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial filaments, yarns or threads
US2325060A (en) * 1942-02-25 1943-07-27 Du Pont Nonshrinking yarn
US2359847A (en) * 1940-10-25 1944-10-10 Celanese Corp Conversion of continuous filaments into staple fiber yarns and like products
US2389292A (en) * 1945-02-08 1945-11-20 Bjorksten Johan Preparation of protein compositions and masses having improved physical characteristics
US2419320A (en) * 1943-05-08 1947-04-22 Lohrke James Louis Process and apparatus for producing staple fibers
US2618021A (en) * 1948-04-19 1952-11-18 Ici Ltd Apparatus for the continuous treatment of filamentary material
US2784458A (en) * 1949-07-08 1957-03-12 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process and apparatus for converting continuous filamentary material into filaments of staple length

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1898085A (en) * 1928-09-13 1933-02-21 Celanese Corp Production of artificial filaments, yarns, or threads
US2123936A (en) * 1928-12-20 1938-07-19 Celanese Corp Apparatus for the treatment of artificial filaments
US2061614A (en) * 1930-07-12 1936-11-24 Celanese Corp Production of textile yarns
US2247529A (en) * 1936-08-06 1941-07-01 Celanese Corp Production from continuous filaments of yarns exhibiting the characteristics of staple fiber yarns
US2227186A (en) * 1937-02-19 1940-12-31 Hamel Edmund Apparatus for producing staple fiber
US2292905A (en) * 1938-09-30 1942-08-11 Du Pont Artificial filament
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
US2359847A (en) * 1940-10-25 1944-10-10 Celanese Corp Conversion of continuous filaments into staple fiber yarns and like products
GB554203A (en) * 1941-12-22 1943-06-24 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial filaments, yarns or threads
US2325060A (en) * 1942-02-25 1943-07-27 Du Pont Nonshrinking yarn
US2419320A (en) * 1943-05-08 1947-04-22 Lohrke James Louis Process and apparatus for producing staple fibers
US2389292A (en) * 1945-02-08 1945-11-20 Bjorksten Johan Preparation of protein compositions and masses having improved physical characteristics
US2618021A (en) * 1948-04-19 1952-11-18 Ici Ltd Apparatus for the continuous treatment of filamentary material
US2784458A (en) * 1949-07-08 1957-03-12 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process and apparatus for converting continuous filamentary material into filaments of staple length

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3086252A (en) * 1961-08-22 1963-04-23 American Viscose Corp Method of producing staple fibers
US3469285A (en) * 1967-10-23 1969-09-30 Du Pont Apparatus and process for stretch breaking filamentary tow
US4771596A (en) * 1970-04-20 1988-09-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of making fiber composite
US4667463A (en) * 1978-03-24 1987-05-26 Toray Industries, Inc. Process and apparatus for making fasciated yarn
US4477526A (en) * 1982-06-18 1984-10-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High strength aramid spun yarn
US20040097149A1 (en) * 2002-08-07 2004-05-20 James Crawford Pitch based graphite fabrics and needled punched felts for fuel cell gas diffusion layer substrates and high thermal conductivity reinforced composites
CN114318619A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种提高网络复丝网络牢度的方法
CN114318619B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2023-04-14 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种提高网络复丝网络牢度的方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB857829A (en) 1961-01-04
CH346647A (fr) 1960-05-31
NL237998A (xx)

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