US2939997A - Electronic tube of the travelling wave type - Google Patents

Electronic tube of the travelling wave type Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2939997A
US2939997A US638289A US63828957A US2939997A US 2939997 A US2939997 A US 2939997A US 638289 A US638289 A US 638289A US 63828957 A US63828957 A US 63828957A US 2939997 A US2939997 A US 2939997A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
delay line
electron
space
beams
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US638289A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Guilbaud Georges
Dubois Andre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2939997A publication Critical patent/US2939997A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/46—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the backward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to travelling-wave tubes and more particularly to tubes of the type having crossed electric and magnetic fields.
  • Tubes of this kind often referred to as M-type tubes, generally comprise two essentially parallel electrodes consisting of a delay line parallelto an electrode known as a sole, with an electric field being established between these two electrodes by applying to the delay line a positive potential with respect to the sole.
  • the space between the delay line and the sole is additionally subjected to a magnetic field essentially perpendicular to the electric field.
  • this beam is generally supplied by a single electron gun, a single collector being disposed at the end of the path followed by theelectrons.
  • a still further object of the present 'invention resid'es in the provision of an electron tube of the travelling wave ellingwave type in which two or more beams of elec-.
  • trons are propagated without any. interaction with each, other.
  • Figure 1- is.a cross sectionalviewof a-tube according to the present invention, taken along line 1'-1 of Figure 2, and
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional view taken along line 2-2 of ' Figure- 1.
  • the present invention provides a travelling-wave tube; with 'crossed'electricand magnetic fields, comprising at least two sourcesof electronsloeated 'and disposed so as to radiateoremit two beains which, on the one-.han'd are mutually uncoupled-with respect 'to each other, and onthe otherhand, are each coupled with the single delay line.
  • 'Iliisiuncoupling is-obtain'ed' by providing between two adjacent cathodes an intermediate collector carried ator adju'stedt'o' the samepotentia'l that of the delay line,- preferably'- also flush with the sole insuch a-manner that the propagation of the wave in the delay line is-not, interfered 'withthereby.
  • the -tube illustrated therein is'a backward travelling-wave oscillator, of circular struc-- ture, known as an M-type carcinotron tube.
  • the tube comprises an evacuated cylindrical envelope-.1, containing two electrodes consisting of a delay line l coaxial with the envelope 1 onto which it is secured, and of-a circular sole 3 supportedbyinsulating pins-or sleeves 4-.
  • the delay line z which may be of any suitable construction is coupled at one end thereof to air-output 5, and the opposite end thereof is coated with anattenuating material 6-of suitable choice.
  • a voltage source 7 witlt'a plurality of adjustable-taps supplies the necessary Volt ages, onset the taps, by meansof connection 22 pro ducinga radially directed electric field between elee trodes 2 and 3, electrode 2 being grounded, as isalso envelope 1 and the positive side ofvoltage source-7'.
  • the polar pieces '8' ( Figure'Z) of-any--'suitable magnet establish a magnetic field, directed along the axis of the tube. It is to be noted that the tube structure so far described aboven's well known per-se.
  • the tube illustrated herein includes a first electron gun 9 and a first collector 1%.”
  • Gun 9 is of a wellknownconventional-typeaud -is disposed, as is known with. the Carcino'tron tubes, at the end 'of the delay lines 2, adjacent output 5.1.
  • the electron gun 9 includes a cathode 16, located in a s lotr'or recess providedin thefocusingrplate 15; and-a focusing plate 17, both plates being substantially parallel to the cratesas follows: beam 25 same, conditions, along that portion positioned ,beyondcollector10, and
  • thecollector 10 may.,also besur'fa'cetreated by any known means, so as to avoid any secondary emission therefrom;
  • the tube according to the presentinvention addition ally include a second electron gun 11 anda, secon collector 12.”
  • Gun 11 is located directly, behind colle'ctor'10in the direction of propagation of theelectron beam, andis identicaljv'vith,gun"9,1thev electrodes ,15', 16', 171.118; thereof corresponding operatively to electrodes '15-, '16, 17, $18 of gun 9.
  • the innerspace of electron gun 11, however, is slanted or inclinedwith respect to the mean pathvof the electrodes, 'in order to take intovaccount the disturbing elfect of collector 10' on the electric field and thereby essentially compensate for the same;
  • the various electrodes of electron gun 11 are at thev same potential 'as those of electron gun 9, cathode '16 of gun :11, however, being provided with a bias connection 19 independent from connection 20 of cathode 16 of gun 9, so that these two cathodes 16" and 16 might be adjusted to d-ifiieren
  • the present application is not limited to the particular showing of. the attenuating means 6 but may use any other suitable external attenuating means.
  • the tube is to be used as oscillator then the "coupling normally used in connection with operation thereof as amplifier which is located at the end thereof:
  • the electrons which havenotbeen, collected or absorbedby the delay line-2 during the propagation, along the, delay line) are then deflected by the magnetic field toward collector. 10,- so that beam 25,is. entirely captured and removed before ever reaching gun 11.
  • the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described herein given only by way of'exampla'but is capable of many changes and modifications within the spirit of the-present invention and I intend to cover all such changes and modifications as encompassed by'the appended claims, Thus, for example, the present invention is not limited to the use of only two beams but maybe used with more than two beams, whereby more than two beams areoperatively associated with the beamsv being operatively associated in series with respect toeach other along delay'line.
  • said means for propagating beams of electrons includes two electron guns, one of said guns being locatefdbehind said collector in the direct-ion of travel of the electron beams.
  • an electron-tubeof the travelling wave type comprising two, electrodes defining therebetween a space, one; fsaid electrodes being a delay line having mutually uncoupled ends, and means for prop'agatingtwo separate beams of electrons seriatim' in 7 including rne'ansifor decoupling said two beams.
  • arate beams of electrons includes'two separate electron guns, and wherein one'of said guns is inclined with re-' spect to the average path of travel of, said beams.
  • the combination according to claim 1 further comprising at least one coupling means for transferring energy from said delay line to an externalloadLf t t 9.
  • said tube is an amplifier and is provided with two coupling means located near the two ends of said delay line.
  • said electron tube is an oscillator and is provided with one coupling means near one end of said delay line and with attenuating means operatively connected with the'other, end of said delay line.
  • the coupling 5 may be connected lines of force, at least two electron guns positioned at difierent points with respect to said delay line for emitting beams propagating in said space in coupled relationship with said line, and means for decoupling said two beams.
  • said decoupling means includes a collector electrode located near one of said points, said collector electrode being insulated from said non-delaying electrode and being at the same potential as said delay line, said collector electrode being adapted to collect one of said electron beams.
  • said collector electrode is provided with an electron collecting surface flush with said non-delaying electrode and is positioned in a slot provided in said non-delaying electrode.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type having crossed fields comprising, within an evacuated envelope, an anode shaped as a delay line, a member having a conductive surface parallel to said anode and bounding therewith an electron and wave interaction space, and a-chain of nonoverlapping systems each of which includes a source of an electron beam propagating in said space and a collector electrode at substantially the same potential as said anode and adapted to absorb substantially all the electrons of the beam, the collector of one system being located close to and preceding the electron beam source of the following system, whereby non-overlapping beams, in-
  • serial relationship with each other are caused to propagate in the same direction in said interaction space, substantially the whole space being traversed by electrons of one beam, while each beam traverses a different portion of said space.
  • a travelling wa-ve tube comprising, within an evacuated envelope, an anode shaped as a delay line, a negative electrode parallel to said anode and bounding therewith an electron and wave interaction space, said space being traversed by electrostatic field lines of force between said anode and negative electrode, and a chain of nonoverlapping systems each of which includes a source of an electron beam propagating in said space and a collector electrode having an electron-collecting surface at essentially the same potential as said anode and adapted to absorb substantially all the electrons of the beam, the collector of one system being located within a slot provided in and electrically insulated from said negative electrode close to and preceding the electron beam source of the following system, the electron collecting surfaces of all the collectors disposed in said slots being flush with said negative electrode, whereby non-overlapping beams, in serial relationship with each other, are caused to propagate in the same direction in said interaction space, so that substantially the whole space is traversed by electrons of one beam and each beam traverses a difierent portion of said space, a source
  • the combination comprising two electrodes defining therebetween a space, one of said electrodes being a delay line having mutually uncoupled ends, and means for propagating two separate beams of electrons in said space in essentially non-overlapping coupled relationship with said delay line.
  • an electron tube of the travelling wave type comprising two electrodes defining therebetween a space, one of said electrodes being a delay line having mutually uncoupled ends, and means for propagating two separate beams of electrons in said space in essentially non-overlapping coupled relationship with said delay line, including means to prevent interaction between said two beams.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type having crossed fields including an anode shaped as a delay line, a negative electrode having a conductive surface essentially parallel to said anode and bounding therewith an electron and wave interaction space having two ends, an extreme electron gun and an extreme collector electrode located at said two ends respectively, at least one intermediate electron gun and collector electrode alternately located near intermediate points of said space so as to divide said space into adjacent portions each having an electron gun at one end and a collector electrode at the other end, each intermediate collector being located close to the next electron gun.
  • a travelling wave tube of the type having crossed fields including an anode shaped as a delay line, a negative electrode having a conductive surface essentially par allel to said anode and bounding therewith an electron and wave interaction space having two ends, an extreme electron gun and an extreme collector electrode located at said two ends respectively, at least one intermediate electron gun and collector electrode alternately located near intermediate points of said space so as to divide said space into adjacent portions each having an electron gun near one end and a collector near the other end, each intermediate collector being located close to the next electron gun, and means for bringing all the collector electrodes to the same potential as said delay line to thereby produce therebetween electrically fieldless spaces for stopping therein the propagation of electrons and assuring absorption thereof in the collectors, whereby non-overlapping beams, in serial relationship with each other, are caused to propagate in the same direction in said interaction space.
  • an electron tube of the travelling wave type having an interaction space for propagating electrons therein under the action of mutually crossed magnetic and electric fields
  • the combination comprising two electrode means defining therebetween said interaction space, and cathode means within said tube for emitting electrons adapted to propagate as separate beams of electrons in said interaction space in mutually uncoupled relationship with one another and in coupled relationship with said delay line electrode means.
  • an electron tube of the travelling wave type in which electrons are propagated in an interaction space under the influence of mutually crossed magnetic and electric fields, comprising a plurality of electrode means defining therebetween said interaction space, one of said electrode means being a delay line, and means within said tube including separate cathode means for propagating a plurality of beams of electrons in said interaction space in coupled relationship with said delay line electrode means and in mutually uncoupled relationship with respect to one another.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US638289A 1956-02-20 1957-02-05 Electronic tube of the travelling wave type Expired - Lifetime US2939997A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1099090X 1956-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2939997A true US2939997A (en) 1960-06-07

Family

ID=9619570

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US638289A Expired - Lifetime US2939997A (en) 1956-02-20 1957-02-05 Electronic tube of the travelling wave type

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2939997A (fr)
DE (1) DE1099090B (fr)
FR (1) FR1142771A (fr)
GB (1) GB809757A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3344274A (en) * 1967-09-26 Ray analysis apparatus having both diffraction amd spectrometer tubes mounted on a common housing

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2622158A (en) * 1951-02-16 1952-12-16 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave amplifier
US2623193A (en) * 1948-09-17 1952-12-23 Csf Very high gain traveling-wave tube
US2680825A (en) * 1949-03-07 1954-06-08 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL88043C (fr) * 1947-01-09

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves
US2623193A (en) * 1948-09-17 1952-12-23 Csf Very high gain traveling-wave tube
US2680825A (en) * 1949-03-07 1954-06-08 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube
US2622158A (en) * 1951-02-16 1952-12-16 Patelhold Patentverwertung Microwave amplifier

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3344274A (en) * 1967-09-26 Ray analysis apparatus having both diffraction amd spectrometer tubes mounted on a common housing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1099090B (de) 1961-02-09
FR1142771A (fr) 1957-09-23
GB809757A (en) 1959-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2314794A (en) Microwave device
US2595698A (en) Electron discharge device and associated circuit
US2680209A (en) High-frequency apparatus
US2239421A (en) Electron discharge device
US3172004A (en) Depressed collector operation of electron beam device
US2807744A (en) Travelling wave magnetron tubes
US2293418A (en) Electron discharge device
US2939997A (en) Electronic tube of the travelling wave type
US3317784A (en) Travelling wave tube using a plasmafilled waveguide as a slow wave structure
US2992354A (en) Travelling wave tubes
US2272232A (en) Electron beam tube
US2433044A (en) Electron discharge device
US3091719A (en) Microwave transducer
US2911556A (en) Backward travelling wave oscillators
US2449569A (en) Electron beam apparatus
US3252104A (en) D.c. quadrupole structure for parametric amplifier
US2252565A (en) Electron discharge device
GB691900A (en) Electron discharge devices
USRE24794E (en) quate
US2889488A (en) Delay lines for crossed field tubes
US2888610A (en) Traveling wave tubes
US3003119A (en) Traveling wave tube oscillator
US2963605A (en) Ion draining structures
US3337765A (en) Traveling wave tube time delay device
US3441782A (en) Crossed-field microwave devices with gun shielding means