US2939768A - Alcohol testing reagent - Google Patents
Alcohol testing reagent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2939768A US2939768A US699885A US69988557A US2939768A US 2939768 A US2939768 A US 2939768A US 699885 A US699885 A US 699885A US 69988557 A US69988557 A US 69988557A US 2939768 A US2939768 A US 2939768A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reagent
- approximately
- iodine
- alcohol
- potassium bichromate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/90—Breath testing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
- Y10T436/203332—Hydroxyl containing
- Y10T436/204165—Ethanol
Definitions
- potassium bichromate-sulphuric acid As the oxidation medium. This acid is usually placed on a carrier, as, for example, on a silica gel carrier.
- This known process has the disadvantage in that the reaction does not always proceed uniformly through the reaction layer, and therefor the reaction is dependent upon the composition of the carrier.
- the object of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known processes.
- the invention is directed to an improvement in the reagent used for the process of detecting alcohol in the exhaled breath by means of potassium bichromate-sulphuric acid. This improvement is especially suitable for carrying out the process by means of gas testing tubes.
- the reagent is improved by the presence of a small amount of a trivalent arsenic compound. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such an addition speeds up the detection reaction in such a manner that the reaction always proceeds similarly in the same fashion, and that the reaction is independent of the kind of carrier upon which the reagent medium is applied.
- An arsenic content of approximately percent with reference to the chromic acid content has been found to be favorable in the production of the desired results.
- the reagent contains additional small amounts of iodine.
- This iodine mixed with the arsenic trioxide serves a catalytic function.
- the iodine content of the reagent with reference to the chromic acid content is approximately 0.3 percent.
- composition of the reagent used for carrying out the process according to the invention is an example of the composition of the reagent used for carrying out the process according to the invention.
- 500 gm. pure dry silica gel having a loose weight of 400-500 gm./l. and a grain size of 0.8 to 1.2 mm. are mixed dry with 3.5 gm. of finely powdered potassium bichromate into a first mixture.
- 100-200 mgm. arsenic trioxide and 5-20 mgm. iodine, both as fine powders in dry state are mixed with the first mixture, and the whole mixture is mixed homogeneously.
- 300 ml. of sulphuric acid in a concentration of 90-98 percent weight is added.
- the mixed powders are uniformly impregnated by the acid in a shaking device. After the impregnation, the preparation is subjected to a heat activation.
- the preparation is heated in a closed container to a temperature of at least 100 0., maximum 200 C.
- This heat treatment period atent 0 is between one and six hours.
- the preparation is heated for six hours at a temperature of C.
- the finished treated composition has a yellowish coloring.
- the testing tubes are then filled with the preparation in the usual manner.
- the yellow composition shows with practically no delay the alcohol content by changing color to an intense green, if the alcohol content is over 0.3 percent.
- the length of the discolored zone is proportional to the alcohol content in the exhaled air, and therefore also proportional to the alcohol content in the blood.
- the arsenic can be present partially in the form of AsI It is assumed that this compound is produced by the abovedisclosed process or by equivalent processes.
- the effect of the invented process seems to be due to the reduction of a small amount of chromate into a trivalent chrome because of the small addition of the trivalent arsenic compound, so that the composition is colored slightly green. The green color disappears during the heat treatment but without causing any loss in the activity of the composition.
- the heat activated compositions are durable and stable during storage.
- a process for the testing tube detecting of the alcohol content in exhaled breath comprising drawing the exhaled breath through a testing tube containing silica gel on which has been heat stabilized a composition of potassium biohromate-sulphuric acid with arsenic trioxide and iodine, said iodine serving a catalytic function.
- a process for preparing a reagent for testing of alcohol in breath exhaled through a testing tube comprising dry mixing approximately 500 gm. of silica gel, approximately 3.5 gm. of potassium bichromate, 100' to 200 mgm. of a trivalent arsenic compound and 5 to 20 mgm. of iodine, impregnating said mixture with approximately 300 ml. of sulphuric acid, and heating the impregnated mixture until it changes from a slightly greenish to a yellowish color in a stable composition.
- a reagent for the testing of alcohol in breath exhaled into a testing tube comprising an admixture of approximately 3.5 gm. of potassium bichromate, and 100 to 200 mgm. of a trivalent arsenic compound impregnated with approximately 300 ml. of sulphuric acid and heat stabilized on approximately 500 gm. of silica gel, said reagent containing a trivalent chrome formed by the reduction of a portion of said potassium bichromate in the presence of said arsenic compound.
- a reagent as in claim 4, said iodine comprising approximately 0.3 percent of the weight of said chromic acid.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Description
United rates ALCOHOL TESTING REAGENT Karl Grosskopf, Lubecir, Germany, assignor to Otto Heinrich Drager, Lubeck, Germany This invention relates to an improvement in the process of detecting the alcohol content in breath exhaled into a gas testing tube.
For detecting the alcohol content in exhaled breath, especially in the socalled testing tube process, it is known to use potassium bichromate-sulphuric acid as the oxidation medium. This acid is usually placed on a carrier, as, for example, on a silica gel carrier.
This known process has the disadvantage in that the reaction does not always proceed uniformly through the reaction layer, and therefor the reaction is dependent upon the composition of the carrier.
The object of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known processes. The invention is directed to an improvement in the reagent used for the process of detecting alcohol in the exhaled breath by means of potassium bichromate-sulphuric acid. This improvement is especially suitable for carrying out the process by means of gas testing tubes. According to the invention, it has been found that the reagent is improved by the presence of a small amount of a trivalent arsenic compound. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such an addition speeds up the detection reaction in such a manner that the reaction always proceeds similarly in the same fashion, and that the reaction is independent of the kind of carrier upon which the reagent medium is applied. An arsenic content of approximately percent with reference to the chromic acid content has been found to be favorable in the production of the desired results.
In a preferred form of the invented process, the reagent contains additional small amounts of iodine. This iodine mixed with the arsenic trioxide serves a catalytic function. The iodine content of the reagent with reference to the chromic acid content is approximately 0.3 percent.
The following is an example of the composition of the reagent used for carrying out the process according to the invention.
500 gm. pure dry silica gel having a loose weight of 400-500 gm./l. and a grain size of 0.8 to 1.2 mm. are mixed dry with 3.5 gm. of finely powdered potassium bichromate into a first mixture. Then 100-200 mgm. arsenic trioxide and 5-20 mgm. iodine, both as fine powders in dry state, are mixed with the first mixture, and the whole mixture is mixed homogeneously. Then 300 ml. of sulphuric acid in a concentration of 90-98 percent weight is added. The mixed powders are uniformly impregnated by the acid in a shaking device. After the impregnation, the preparation is subjected to a heat activation. For this purpose, the preparation is heated in a closed container to a temperature of at least 100 0., maximum 200 C. This heat treatment period atent 0 is between one and six hours. For example, the preparation is heated for six hours at a temperature of C. The finished treated composition has a yellowish coloring. The testing tubes are then filled with the preparation in the usual manner.
During the test with the alcohol containing exhaled breath, the yellow composition shows with practically no delay the alcohol content by changing color to an intense green, if the alcohol content is over 0.3 percent. The length of the discolored zone is proportional to the alcohol content in the exhaled air, and therefore also proportional to the alcohol content in the blood.
According to a suitable form of the invention, the arsenic can be present partially in the form of AsI It is assumed that this compound is produced by the abovedisclosed process or by equivalent processes.
The effect of the invented process seems to be due to the reduction of a small amount of chromate into a trivalent chrome because of the small addition of the trivalent arsenic compound, so that the composition is colored slightly green. The green color disappears during the heat treatment but without causing any loss in the activity of the composition. The heat activated compositions are durable and stable during storage.
Having now described the means by which the object of the invention is obtained, I claim:
1. A process for the testing tube detecting of the alcohol content in exhaled breath comprising drawing the exhaled breath through a testing tube containing silica gel on which has been heat stabilized a composition of potassium biohromate-sulphuric acid with arsenic trioxide and iodine, said iodine serving a catalytic function.
2. A process for preparing a reagent for testing of alcohol in breath exhaled through a testing tube comprising dry mixing approximately 500 gm. of silica gel, approximately 3.5 gm. of potassium bichromate, 100' to 200 mgm. of a trivalent arsenic compound and 5 to 20 mgm. of iodine, impregnating said mixture with approximately 300 ml. of sulphuric acid, and heating the impregnated mixture until it changes from a slightly greenish to a yellowish color in a stable composition.
3. A reagent for the testing of alcohol in breath exhaled into a testing tube comprising an admixture of approximately 3.5 gm. of potassium bichromate, and 100 to 200 mgm. of a trivalent arsenic compound impregnated with approximately 300 ml. of sulphuric acid and heat stabilized on approximately 500 gm. of silica gel, said reagent containing a trivalent chrome formed by the reduction of a portion of said potassium bichromate in the presence of said arsenic compound.
4. A reagent as in claim 3, further comprising a small amount of iodine in the reagent.
5. A reagent as in claim 4, said iodine comprising approximately 0.3 percent of the weight of said chromic acid.
Claims (2)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE TESTING TUBE DETECTING OF THE ALCOHOL CONTENT IN EXHALED BREATH COMPRISING DRAWING THE EXHALED BREATH THROUGH A TESTING TUBE CONTAINING SILICA GEL ON WHICH HAS BEEN HEAT STABILIZED A COMPOSITION OF POTASSIUM BICHROMATE-SULPHURIC ACID WITH ARSENIC TRIOXIDE AND IODINE, SAID IODINE SERVING A CATALYTIC FUNCTION.
3. A REAGENT FOR THE TESTING OF ALCOHOL IN BREATH EXHALED INTO A TESTING TUBE COMPRISING AN ADMIXTURE OF APPROXIMATELY 3.5 GM. OF POTASSIUM BICHROMATE, AND 100 TO 200 MGM. OF A TRIVALENT ARSENIC COMPOUND IMPREGNATED WITH APPROXIMATELY 300 ML. OF SULPHURIC ACID AND HEAT STABILIZED ON APPROXIMATELY 500 GM. OF SILICA GEL, SAID REAGENT CONTAINING A TRIVALENT CHROME FORMAED BY THE REDUCTION OF A PORTION OF SAID POTASSIUM BICHROMATE IN THE PRESENCE OF SAID ARSENIC COMPOUND.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2939768X | 1956-12-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2939768A true US2939768A (en) | 1960-06-07 |
Family
ID=8001844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US699885A Expired - Lifetime US2939768A (en) | 1956-12-31 | 1957-12-02 | Alcohol testing reagent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2939768A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3208827A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1965-09-28 | Robert F Borkenstein | Method for rapid quantitative analysis of ethyl alcohol |
| US3350175A (en) * | 1963-07-02 | 1967-10-31 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Colorimetric indicator device for the determination of gases |
| US3455654A (en) * | 1965-06-01 | 1969-07-15 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Detection of alcohols in gas atmospheres |
| US3798001A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1974-03-19 | Draegerwerk Ag | Apparatus and method for discerning an indicator reaction point |
| US4022578A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1977-05-10 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | Detector tube |
| US4105409A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1978-08-08 | Lucien Etzlinger | Method and reagent for determining the ethyl alcohol content of a gas |
| FR2450454A1 (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1980-09-26 | Legrouyellec Andre | Potassium chromate-sulphuric acid breath alcohol test reagent - opt. contains metal salts and changes from yellow-orange to green |
| US4791065A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-12-13 | Grobel Research Corporation | Ethanol sensitive solid |
| US5403749A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1995-04-04 | Serguei V. Khartchenko | Reagent for the determination of ethanol and method of determination of presence of ethanol in the human body |
| US5552324A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1996-09-03 | Supelco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining the concentration of readily oxidizable organic vapors in gas samples |
| KR20030024080A (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2003-03-26 | 이옥구 | Alcohol detecting formulation |
| US20070031914A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-08 | Wei Zhu | Devices for analyte assays and methods of use |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2141646A (en) * | 1936-03-10 | 1938-12-27 | Ferguson Charles | Device for detecting ethyl alcohol |
| US2591691A (en) * | 1946-07-05 | 1952-04-08 | Glenn C Forrester | Method for determining breath alcohol content |
-
1957
- 1957-12-02 US US699885A patent/US2939768A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2141646A (en) * | 1936-03-10 | 1938-12-27 | Ferguson Charles | Device for detecting ethyl alcohol |
| US2591691A (en) * | 1946-07-05 | 1952-04-08 | Glenn C Forrester | Method for determining breath alcohol content |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3208827A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1965-09-28 | Robert F Borkenstein | Method for rapid quantitative analysis of ethyl alcohol |
| US3350175A (en) * | 1963-07-02 | 1967-10-31 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Colorimetric indicator device for the determination of gases |
| US3455654A (en) * | 1965-06-01 | 1969-07-15 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Detection of alcohols in gas atmospheres |
| US3798001A (en) * | 1971-05-07 | 1974-03-19 | Draegerwerk Ag | Apparatus and method for discerning an indicator reaction point |
| US4022578A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1977-05-10 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh | Detector tube |
| US4105409A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1978-08-08 | Lucien Etzlinger | Method and reagent for determining the ethyl alcohol content of a gas |
| FR2450454A1 (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1980-09-26 | Legrouyellec Andre | Potassium chromate-sulphuric acid breath alcohol test reagent - opt. contains metal salts and changes from yellow-orange to green |
| US4791065A (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1988-12-13 | Grobel Research Corporation | Ethanol sensitive solid |
| US5552324A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1996-09-03 | Supelco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining the concentration of readily oxidizable organic vapors in gas samples |
| US5403749A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1995-04-04 | Serguei V. Khartchenko | Reagent for the determination of ethanol and method of determination of presence of ethanol in the human body |
| KR20030024080A (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2003-03-26 | 이옥구 | Alcohol detecting formulation |
| US20070031914A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-08 | Wei Zhu | Devices for analyte assays and methods of use |
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