US2939093A - Directional channel separation filters - Google Patents

Directional channel separation filters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2939093A
US2939093A US593886A US59388656A US2939093A US 2939093 A US2939093 A US 2939093A US 593886 A US593886 A US 593886A US 59388656 A US59388656 A US 59388656A US 2939093 A US2939093 A US 2939093A
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rectangular
guide
waveguide
slot
slots
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US593886A
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Pierre G Marie
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2138—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using hollow waveguide filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to directional channelseparation filters.
  • Resonant directional couplers have been constructed by the inventor which consist of two identical rectangular guides and of a circular cavity resonator which connects them together, such that a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy in the TE mode, which is propagated in a given direction in one of the rectangular guides and arrives in the junction region between the said rectangular guide and the cavity resonator, has its energy split into two parts.
  • the first part that which has frequencies outside the bandwidth of the cavity resonator continues to progress in the rectangular guide to beyond the junction with the cavity resonator.
  • the second part (that which has frequencies within the bandwith of the cavity resonator) of this energy is radiated in the circular resonator through the intermediary of a particular first coupling in the form of a circularly polarized wave which is constituted by two waves of the TE mode which are polarized perpendicularly and in quadrature.
  • circularly polarized wave radiates energy in the second
  • the same rectangular guide through the intermediary of a second coupling which is similar to the first coupling and is propagated in the TE mode in a definite direction which depends upon the direction of propagation in the first rectangular guide.
  • first kind directional :couplers are composed of first and second rectangular guide stubs identical with each other which are connected together by a circular cavity resonator, the axis of which is eccentric with respect to the plane of symmetry passing through the axes of the two rectangular guides.
  • This eccentric structure may have disadvantages, especially from the point of View of construction.
  • Applicant attempts to construct directional channel- 'separation filters by cascade-connecting a plurality of nited States Patent 0 resonant directional couplers of the above-mentioned first 2,939,093 Patented May 31, 1960 kind in such a way that the first rectangular guide stubs of all the couplers constitute a common rectangular main guide and by giving to the circular cavity resonators of the couplers resonance frequencies in the TE mode respectively equal to the median frequencies of the channels to be separated.
  • the directional channel separation filters thus constructed exhibit relatively poor voltage standing wave ratios of at least 1.20 which is a serious drawback for constructing directional multiplexing filters for the separation of a large number of frequency channels. This is due to the fact that the crossing slots being at a common location cannot be matched independently from each other to equalize their power coupling factors relatively to the transverse and longitudinal components of the magnetic field in the rectangular waveguide. And the same impossibility is met when the off-center aperture is a single circular one.
  • these directional channel-separation filters cannot be designed with standard size rectangular wave guides without the provision of flattening transitions in said wave guides at the location of couplings with the circular cavity resonators.
  • the object of the present invention is to construct a directional channel separation filter comprising a common rectangular main wave guide, a plurality of circular cavity resonators tuned onto different resonant frequencies and an equal plurality of frequency channel rectangular wave guide stubs, having a wide number of frequency channels lying in a wide bandwidth and exhibiting through the over-all bandwidth a voltage standing wave ratio quite lower than in the first kind directional channel-separation filters, say lower than 1.05. 7
  • Another object of the invention is to construct a directional channel-separation filter of the kind concerned in which the condition of complete rejection between the two arms of the main guide on one side and the other of patible with standard size rectangular waveguide construction.
  • the systems of slots between the circular cavity resonator and each rectangular guide of the directional coupler, the axes of which meet each other or are very near each other comprise a slot which is longitudinal with respect to the rectangular guide and located on one side of'the axis of the said guide and a transverse slot, which is located on the other side of the axis, the distances between this axis and the centers of the slots being fixed by relationships which will be set forth hereinafter.
  • a small metallic plate is inserted in each of the rectangular guides, parallel to the wide side of the guide, and facing the portion of wall comprised between the longitudinal slot and the edge of said wide side.
  • Fig. 1 represents a directional coupler of the prior art
  • Fig. 2 represents a directional coupler used in the invention
  • Fig.3 is a diagram of the junction between a rectangular guide of the coupler and the circular cavity resonator explaining the fixing of the geometrical position of the slots;
  • Fig. 4 is a directional channel-separation filter using a plurality of couplers of the type shown in Fig. 2.;
  • Figs. 5a and 5b are diagrams of waveforms useful for explaining the operation of the coupler.
  • Fig. .1 which represents a directional coupler of the prior art
  • 1 is the first rectangular guide
  • 2 is the second rectangular guide
  • 9 is the circular guide
  • 3 and 4 are the systems of slots
  • 7 are the mouths of the guide 1
  • 6 and 8 are the mouths of the guide 2.
  • the centers of the slots 3 and 4 are at a distance x from the edge of the rectangularguides given by the above Equation 1 and'are on the axis' 10 of the circular guide. 7
  • the dimensions of the rectangular guides area and b (a b) and the diameter of the circular guide is D. It is seenin Fig. 1 that the axis 10 does not meet the axes 11 and 12 of the large sides of the rectangular g'uides which are facing one another and that the parts 13 and 14 of the bases of the circularguide extend beyond the edge of the large facesof the rectangular guides. Naturally, these parts 13 :and 14 should be closed by metallic bottoms.
  • V V i w r V V i w r
  • FIG. 2 which represents a-couplerused in the inventiomthe said coupler comprises two-rectangular guides 15 and 16 and a circularguide 18, the axis 19 of which meets the axes 20 and 21 of the large sides of the rectangular .guides.
  • the systems of slots each comprise two slots '22 and 23, onebeing longitudinal-and theother transverse with respect to the rectangular guides and situated respectively on one side and the-otherof the axes 20 and 21 of the large sides of these guides.
  • slots 23 must be integrally on one side only of the longitudinal axes 20, 21 of the corresponding rectangular guides and must not cross the same. 7
  • Small metallic plates 24 are arranged in the rectangular guides parallel tothe large side and facing the portion of wall comprised between the edge of the large side and the longitudinal slots 22.
  • the system of slots 22-23 is represented with reference to the axis 0y parallel to the axis 20 of the guide .15 and to the axis Ox which is perpendicular to the foregoing axis.
  • the point 0 is the projectionof the axis 19.
  • the abscissa of the side 25 of therectangular guide 15 is denoted by x
  • the abscissa of the side 26 of the same guide is denoted by ax
  • thedistance of 0 to the centerofthe slot 22 is denoted by x
  • the distance-of O to the centerof the slot 23 is denoted by x it may be shown. that, amongthe six quantities x x x ,-q, b and D, there are threerelationshipsand that one is, consequently, allowed to impose three arbitrary conditions;
  • H H H respectively the maximum transverse magnetic field in the rectangular guide, the'maximum longitudinal magnetic field in the rectangular guide and the maximum transverse magnetic field in the circular guide for a unit power wave (TE inthe rectangular guide and TE -in the circular guide).
  • the traveling wave in one of the slot coupling systems may be considered as the superposition of a double set of standing waves, applied to the'two mouths of guide 15 and to r the mouthof guide 18 assumed to be disconnected from guide 16 and to have its top open, and respectivelysymmetrical and antisymmetrical with respect to the plane xOz.
  • the symmetrical waves are shown in Fig. 5a and the antisymmetrical waves in'Fig. 5b.
  • the symmetrical standing wave in guide 18 it is polariz edin the xOzplane, whereas the antisymmetrical wave in the same guide ispolarized in the yOz plane.
  • the nodesof the standing waves are displacedbyan angular distance ufrom "the" location-they 25 wouldhave if the slots-were omitted.
  • thestandingwave-pattern A'o'f Fig. 5a and the standing I wave pattern B of Fig. 5b and form the pattern A-I-jB (by .superposing the pattern A with the pattern-B in phase quadrature with the first);- there is obtained a traveling wave in the'rectangular-guide a-circularlypolarized standing wave in the circular guide;
  • tan 1 is proportional to thesquare of the component'of the magnetic field along the slot. Then, by equaling the four expressions of tan u, we may the fact that, in the rectangular guide, the variation of reactive energy in the vicinity of the slots islproduced by thetwo waves applied tothe ends of said guide.
  • the first of the conditions which may be applied to the six quantities x x x a, b, D, which favours the construction and the operation of the coupler, is to make the cut-oif wavelength k for the wave TB in the rectangular guide nearly that of the cut-ofi wavelength A for the wave T13 in the circular guide, which is expressed by It is shown by the third Equation 3 that, when condition (4) is satisfied, the ratio b/a for a correct operation of the coupler is independent of the frequency.
  • the ratio b/a is generally equal to about 0.44.
  • the energy arrives from an aerial (not shown) through the main guide 32 which is terminated by a dissipative load element in the form of, for example, an absorbent plate 33.
  • This energy is constituted by a wideband wave comprising two partial bands or channels.
  • Two circular cavity resonators 29 and 29' are coupled to the said main guide 32 by systems of slots 2223 and 22'23' of the type shown in Fig. 3.
  • the circular resonators 29 and 29' are coupled to rectangular guides 27 and 27 by systems of slots which are identical with the foregoing.
  • the guides 27 and 27' are terminated, at one of their mouths, by absorbent plates 28 and 28'.
  • the energy corresponding to the first channel is obtained at the mouth 30 of the guide 27 and the energy corresponding to the second channel is obtained at the mouth: 30 of the guide 27'.
  • Screws 31 and 31, four in number, in a diametral plane of the circular cavity resonators 29 and 29' provide tuning means for tuning the same,
  • a directional channel-separation filter adapted to separate a plurality of frequency channels contained in a largeover-all bandwidth electromagnetic energy comprising a commontrectangular main waveguide adapted to convey in the ,TE mode'said ele.c"tromflgncticjenergy,
  • a directional channel-separation filter adapted to separate a plurality of frequency channels contained in a large over-all bandwidth electromagnetic energy comprising a common rectangular main waveguide adapted to convey in the TE mode said electromagnetic energy, a plurality, equal to the plurality of frequency channels, of circular cavity resonators respectively.
  • a first equal plurality of slot-and-plate coupling systems coupling said rectangular main waveguide to said circular cavity resonators, an equal plurality of channel rectangular waveguides having the same cross-section than the rectangular main wave guide, respectively coupled along their large sides to said circular cavity resonators and having longitudinal axes respectively meeting with the circular cavity resonator axes, a second equal plurality of slot-and-plate coupling systems coupling said channel rectangular waveguides to said circular cavity resonators, each' slotand-plate coupling systems of the first and 'second'pluralities comprising a first slot longitudinal with respect to the rectangular waveguide to which it-pertains, on one side of the longitudinal axis of said rectangular waveguide and spaced apart from said rectangularwaveguide axis by a distance x;
  • ee -76a k being the mid-wavelength of the over-all bandwidth and a the great sidedirnensions of the rectangular guide, and a metallic plate located inside the rectangular waveguide and beneath the first slot only at a distance from said slot substantially equal to the eighth of the small side of the rectangular waveguide, an absorbent load at one end of the rectangular main-guide and absorbent loads at one ofthe ends of the channel rectangular Waveguides.
  • a directional channel separation filter adapted-to separate a plurality of frequency channels contained in a large over-all bandwidth electromagnetic energy comprising a common rectangular main waveguide, having a large side dimension equal to a, adapted to convey in the TE mode said electromagnetic energy, a plurality, equal to the plurality of frequency vchannels, of circular cavity resonators all having a diameter equal to 1.172 a, respectively tuned onto the mean frequencies'of the frequency channels and adapted to support in the TE mode the electromagnetic energy of the corresponding channel, coupled to said rectangular main Waveguide along the large side thereof and having axes meeting with the longitudinal axis of the rectangular main waveguide, a first equal plurality of slotand-plate coupling systems coupling said rectangular main wave-guide'to said circular cavity resonators, an equal plurality of channel rectangular wave guides having the same cross-section than the rectangular main wave-guide, respectively coupled along their large sides to said circular cavity resonators and having longitudinal axes respectively meeting with the circular cavity resonator axes, a second equal pluralit

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US593886A 1955-06-30 1956-06-26 Directional channel separation filters Expired - Lifetime US2939093A (en)

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FR1130270T 1955-06-30

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US (1) US2939093A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE549131A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1016783B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1130270A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB800056A (en, 2012)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4866760A (en, 2012) * 1971-12-15 1973-09-12
US4602229A (en) * 1983-12-30 1986-07-22 Motorola, Inc. Resonant bandpass T filter and power splitter
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5428322A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-06-27 Hughes Aircraft Company Microwave waveguide multiplexer
EP0872910A3 (de) * 1997-04-18 1999-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Richtkoppler
US6081241A (en) * 1997-05-26 2000-06-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Microwave antenna transmission device having a stripline to waveguide transition via a slot coupling
US6714096B1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-03-30 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
WO2011065904A1 (en) 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) A microwave transmission assembly
US20110234339A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-09-29 Lockheed Martin Corporation Waveguide distortion mitigation devices with reduced group delay ripple
CN108598655A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-09-28 电子科技大学 一种紧凑型宽带矩形波导耦合器
CN111257977A (zh) * 2020-02-10 2020-06-09 安徽师范大学 透射型紫外sp定向传输结构及其设计方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1076205B (de) 1956-03-16 1960-02-25 Marie G R P Radargeraet mit zirkular polarisierter Strahlung zur Unterscheidung von isotropen und anisotropen Zielen und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Geraetes
US2942209A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-06-21 Seymour B Cohn Lumped constant directional filters
DE3108742C2 (de) * 1981-03-07 1985-11-14 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Selektiver Richtkoppler
DE19544260C1 (de) * 1995-11-28 1997-05-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Richtkoppler
CN114122655B (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-07-05 广州中雷电科科技有限公司 一种缝隙波导及波导缝隙阵天线

Citations (6)

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US2283935A (en) * 1938-04-29 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves
US2584399A (en) * 1945-08-11 1952-02-05 William M Preston Rotatable wave guide joint
US2626990A (en) * 1948-05-04 1953-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave frequency range transducer
US2723377A (en) * 1955-11-08 Circular polarization coupling for rectangular waveguide
US2806210A (en) * 1953-07-20 1957-09-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Impedance matching devices for waveguide hybrid junctions
US2851681A (en) * 1955-03-16 1958-09-09 Sperry Rand Corp Diversity polarization radar system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL78610C (en, 2012) * 1951-03-20
FR1079880A (fr) * 1953-03-23 1954-12-03 Coupleurs directionnels résonnants

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2723377A (en) * 1955-11-08 Circular polarization coupling for rectangular waveguide
US2283935A (en) * 1938-04-29 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves
US2584399A (en) * 1945-08-11 1952-02-05 William M Preston Rotatable wave guide joint
US2626990A (en) * 1948-05-04 1953-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave frequency range transducer
US2806210A (en) * 1953-07-20 1957-09-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Impedance matching devices for waveguide hybrid junctions
US2851681A (en) * 1955-03-16 1958-09-09 Sperry Rand Corp Diversity polarization radar system

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4866760A (en, 2012) * 1971-12-15 1973-09-12
US3839688A (en) * 1971-12-15 1974-10-01 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Directional filter
US4602229A (en) * 1983-12-30 1986-07-22 Motorola, Inc. Resonant bandpass T filter and power splitter
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5428322A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-06-27 Hughes Aircraft Company Microwave waveguide multiplexer
EP0872910A3 (de) * 1997-04-18 1999-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Richtkoppler
US6081241A (en) * 1997-05-26 2000-06-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Microwave antenna transmission device having a stripline to waveguide transition via a slot coupling
US6714096B1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-03-30 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20040174230A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-09-09 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US6917260B2 (en) 1998-12-04 2005-07-12 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20050231301A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2005-10-20 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US7321277B2 (en) 1998-12-04 2008-01-22 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20110234339A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-09-29 Lockheed Martin Corporation Waveguide distortion mitigation devices with reduced group delay ripple
US8319571B2 (en) 2008-06-18 2012-11-27 Lockheed Martin Corporation Waveguide distortion mitigation devices with reduced group delay ripple
WO2011065904A1 (en) 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) A microwave transmission assembly
CN102714342A (zh) * 2009-11-24 2012-10-03 瑞典爱立信有限公司 微波传送组装件
WO2011065902A1 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) A microwave transmission assembly
GB2507463A (en) * 2009-11-24 2014-05-07 Filtronic Wireless Ltd A microwave tranmission assembly
GB2507463B (en) * 2009-11-24 2015-02-25 Filtronic Wireless Ltd A microwave tranmission assembly
US9077064B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2015-07-07 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Microwave transmission assembly
CN102714342B (zh) * 2009-11-24 2015-08-12 瑞典爱立信有限公司 微波传送组装件
CN108598655A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-09-28 电子科技大学 一种紧凑型宽带矩形波导耦合器
CN111257977A (zh) * 2020-02-10 2020-06-09 安徽师范大学 透射型紫外sp定向传输结构及其设计方法
CN111257977B (zh) * 2020-02-10 2021-08-27 安徽师范大学 透射型紫外sp定向传输结构及其设计方法

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DE1016783B (de) 1957-10-03
GB800056A (en) 1958-08-20
BE549131A (en, 2012)
FR1130270A (fr) 1957-02-04

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