US293708A - Metal-iviold-lubricating material - Google Patents

Description

NrTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES F. BRUSH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

META L-MOLD-LUBR lCATlNG MATERIAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,708, dated February 19, 1884.

Application filedOctobcr 24, 188 3. (No specimens.)

T0 aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES F. BRUSH, a, citizen of the United States, residing at Oleveland, county of Ouyahoga, State of Ohio, have invented or discovered a new and useful 1m provement in -Metal-Mold-Lubricating .Materials; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exact description thereof.

Heretofore saponifiable oils capable of fornr ing solid compounds with metallic oxides have been used for this purpose. Such oils are characterized by the presence of oxygen as a constituent element thereof. The molten metal as it goes into the mold-cavity is, or some portions of it are, slightly oxidized by contact with the air in the mold, which oxidized metal, even if in small quantities, cominginto contact with the saponifiable oil on the surface of the mold, saponifies it to such an extent and in such a manner as to form a hard. deposit. Now, in the making of lead castings which haveprojecting parts formed in mold-cavities the sides of which are vertical, or nearly so, as regards the general level or plane of the contiguous mold-faces, such a hard deposit, if formed on such verticalsides, tends not only to make defects in the casting, but also to prevent the easy and ready withdrawal of the casting from the mold.

Now,the object of my invention is not only to provide such a non-saponifiable oil, but also one which will not be readily or quickly vaporized or gasified at the high temperature required in the mold, but will, when hot, readily liquefy, so as to be easily distributed over the mold-surface. Petroleum possesses the first of these characteristics, and I have dis covered that vaseline, otherwise known as petroleum jelly, one of its products, possesses all of them. This vaseline is a hydrocarbon from which all or practically all the lighter ingredients have been eliminated by a slow distillation at a low temperature, and which also has been deprived of its mechanically-combined impurities. It has such a high boiling or vaporizing point that it will not to tally disappear by evaporation or otherwise under-the high temperature to which it is subjected before the work of casting is done. Having no oxygen, it is incapable of saponification, and hence does not foul the mold. At

the comparatively high temperature employed it will readily liquefy, if not already in a liquid state, and may be rapidly spread over the sur- 5 5 faces to be lubricated. This material I apply directly to the mold face or faces to be lubricated, which,in the special use which I make of such a mold, are to be heated to a temperature such that they will not too rapidly chill the molten lead flowing therein, but will still be below that of the melting-point of lead; and for ,the purposes of the present invention it will be understood that a jointed or divided mold is to be employed, that the same, when so heated and lubricated, is to be submerged in a bath of molten lead, opened, if not al ready open, closed as soon as filled, and immediately removed, as set forth in a separate application; but instead of applying the vaseline directly to the mold-faces, as abovestated, I prefer to dilute it with some lighter andmore fluid hydrocarboii say' with ordinary kerosene, (though preferably, I use a high fire-test article)in any desired proportions, but by preference with an excess of kerosenesay three, four, or five parts of the latter to one of the vaseline, more or lessand such mixture or compound, now in a liquid state, I apply to the heated mold-surfaces by rubbing it on with a rag or in other suitable way. Then. as the kerosene evaporates at a temperature below that at which the vaseline will evaporate, and also below that to which the mold is ordinarily heated, it will vaporize, pass off, and leave the vaseline coating or wash on the moldfaces hence the kerosene acts simply to dilute the vaseline, and as a convenient carrier to' facilitate its application and distribution but, even if it does not entirely disappear by evaporation, its presence will do no hurt, as it is also a non-saponifiable oil but, on account of its rapid evaporation at the temperature required in the mold, I do not rely on it as a lubricant or coating for the mold-faces.

While I believe vaseline to be the best ma terial for the purposes in view, and have hence so described it, I do not limit myself absolutely thereto, since the more closely allied petroleum products possess, to a greater or less de gree, substantially the same characteristics, and therefore I have named vaseline only as a specimen, and, as I now believe, the best specimen of the class; hence it is only essentia-l, as regards the present invention, that the material be a hydrocarbon, (which is nonoxygcnous, and hence non-saponifiable,) that it have a high vaporizing-point, such that it will not totally disappear at a temperature much below that of the lead-melting point, that it may be liquefied (if not already liquid) by the working-heat of the mold, or be dissolved by asuitable diluent; and for this latter purpose other material may be used than kerosene, provided it be a diluent capable of being eliminated (if its presence is objectionable when the casting is to be done) by the heat of the mold itself; and it is also true that while the presence of oxygen in the Vaseline or other like substance employed is objectionable, a percentage may be incorporated with it by the addition of some other ingredient, if so desired for any particular purpose, provided such percentage be so small as not to result in the formation of a hard deposit on the walls of the mold to any injurious extent.

I claim herein as my invention- 1. As a material for lubricating or coating molds, a non-oxygenous or non-saponifiable oil incapable of complete evaporation at or approximately at the melting-point of lead, substantially as set forth.

2. As a material for lubricating or coating molds, a non-oxygenous or non-saponifiable oil capable of liquefying and incapable of complete evaporization at or approximately at the inelting-point of lead, substantially as set forth.

3. As a material for lubricating or coating molds, the combination of a non-oxygenous non-saponifiable oily substance and a suitable diluent, substantially as set forth.

4. As a material for lubricating or coating molds, a non-oxygenous or non saponifiable substance incapable of complete evaporation at or approximately at the melting-point of lead, and a diluent rapidly evaporating below said temperature, substantially as set forth.

5. As a material for lubricating or coating molds, a non-oxygenous or non-saponifiable oily substance and a non-oxygcnous or nonsaponifiable diluent, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES F. BRUSH.

\Vitnesses:

.lNo. GROWELT, CHAS. H. Donna.