Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
  • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
  • C08J7/04—Coating
  • C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
  • H05F1/00—Preventing the formation of electrostatic charges
  • H05F1/02—Preventing the formation of electrostatic charges by surface treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
  • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
  • Y10S260/17—High polymeric, resinous, antistatic agents
  • Y10S260/18—High polymeric, resinous, antistatic agents containing pentavalent nitrogen

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for rendering antistatic products not conducting electricity, i.e., having dielectric properties.
• One of the principal objects of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method for treating non-electrically-conductive products, whether in the form of threads, fibers, foils, yarns, knitted and woven textile articles, etc., in such manner as to render them substantially completely antistatic.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a method for treating such products for the purpose indicated in order to confer upon them antistatic properties that will persist despite subsequent treating operations to which the products may be subjected, such as washing, dyeing, etc.
• the electrostatically charged products may e.g. repel each other but they may also attract and hold dirt, dust, etc.
• threads, fibers, cables, yarns knitted and woven textile articles As examples of products not conducting electricity and which may be treated according to the process of the invention may be mentioned threads, fibers, cables, yarns knitted and woven textile articles, as Well as bristles, films, foils and products obtained by injection molding or by any other manner from synthetic hydrophobic polymers, such as polyamides, polyesters and polyacrylonitrile derivatives. Furthermore, dielectric products manufactured from glass and porcelain may also be mentioned.
• Staple fibers which must be spun to yarns can only with difficulty be carded due to the occurrence of electrostatic charges.
• hose or garments made from said threads or fibers attract dust and are very persistent in retaining said dust. Frequently runners and rugs retain dust and dirt so strongly that they cannot be cleaned by brushing, beating or vacuum cleaning.
• the process according to the present invention is characterized in that the products are treated with an aqueous solution of a polymeric, polyanion-active substance which loses its solubility in water by heating above C., after which the thus pre-treated products are dried and subsequently heated above 100 C., whereupon the products are then treated with an aqueous solution of a cation-active soap, and finally are dried.
• polymeric, polyanion-active substances having carboxylic acid radicals, and polyacrylic acid has proved to be very suitable.
• the treating agents employed in the process according to the present invention generally exhibit strongly adhesive properties, so that by contact with one another or by contact with other bodies during the drying and the heating operation the products treated therewith have a tendency to adhere to each other.
• the objects or elements are treated individually, such as is possible in the case of monofils, films and articles, and in some cases with textile material, this is not inconvenient.
• this adhesion causes difiiculties and so according to a further feature of the invention an anion-active soap which is soluble in water and lowers the surface tension is added.
• Said anion-active soap acts as an anti-adhesive agent and it has been found that such a soap in the proportion of about 1/ 10 of the concentration of the polyanion-active substance is sufficient to prevent the undesired adhesion.
• the sodium salt of oleylmethyltauride is especially suitable as the anti-adhesive agent.
• the heating that follows the treatment with. the polyanion-active substance is preferably done at temperatures between and C.
• polyanion-active substances having carboxylic radicals may be used.
• metal salts thereof such as the sodium salts are not suitable since even after heating the latter at a temperature of 120-1S0 C. they still remain soluble in water.
• ammonium salts of the polya'nion-active, polymeric acids are generally suitable, nevertheless the corresponding polycarboxylic acids are preferred.
• polyacrylic acid has been found to be very useful for use in connection with the present invention, this is not the case with polymethacrylic acid and also not with the sulphonic acids of polystyrene. The latter products do not lose their solubility in water on heating above 100 C., and are therefore not suitable.
• the optimum concentration for the first treating bath may be readily determined experimentally since it has been found preferable to keep the amount of substance applied between certain limits. These Concentration lim us are dependent upon the kind of polyanion-active substance employed and the shape of the product: to be treated. On treating threads or fibers with a solution of polyaerylic acid, a concentration of 1% by weight is generally sufiicient.
• the first treating bath may be sprayed in warm condi' tion on the product or it may be applied to the product by means of rollers. If feasible, it is generally preferred to use the immersion process.
• the temperature of the first bath is preferably kept between 70 and 90 C.
• the duration of the treatme'ntris not critical since it is only necessary to have a good impregnation which generally takes place in a few seconds or even in a shorter time.
• the products treated with the first treating bath mayif desired and dependent upon the shape thereof-be centrifuged, pressed-out or be subjected to vacuum for removing excess treating liquid, or the excess may be removed by any other convenient means as may be desired.
• the products treated in this manner are then dried at relatively low temperatures and then baked at a temperature above 100 C. It is of course obvious that the baking temperature must be below the melting point of the product to be treated.
• the duration of the heating not only depends upon the specific treating substances but also upon the baking temperature and the mass of the product undergoing treatment.
• the heating is continued until the necessary insolubility of the surface layer is obtained. It is of no use to continue the heating further.
• the necessary treating duration may be readily determined experimentally. Care must be taken that no discoloration of theproducts takes place in instances Where this might detract from the value of the final product. if discoloration of the final product is to be avoided care must be taken that the substances used in the treatment do not give discoloration on heating.
• a further treatment is effected with an aqueous solution'of a cation-active soap after the baking.
• quaternary compounds such as alkyltrimethylarnmonium compounds and alkylpyridinium compounds, are suitable as the cation-active soaps. Also quaternary compounds of sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and also, under special conditions, quaternary compounds of oxygen may be-used;
• the quaternary alkylammonium compounds have the advantage over the corresponding quaternary alkylpyridinium compounds that the former do not give a discoloration or yellowing of the products.
• the treatment with the second bath is done in the same manner as the treatment with the first bath.
• the treatment is done at low temperatures but if if necessary the treatment may be done, for example, at' 50 C. in order to prevent clouding of the cationa'ctive" soap solution.
• the pretreated and baked product has an acid reaction itis preferred to bring the treating bath to the correct pH so as to obtain a final product that reacts neutral.
• the drying after the treatment is done in a normal manner.
• an aftertreatrnent with lauryltriethylammoniumchloride gives a surface layer which is stable against hot water but which may be washed away with hot, dilute'acid or alkaline soap solutions.
• stearylamine-acetate i.e., the acetic acid salt of stearylamine
• acetic acid salt of stearylamine gives a surface layer which has relatively good stability against hot later and dilute acids, although not against alkaline soap solutions.
• stearyltrimethylammoniumchloride gives a surface layer which has good resistance against hot water, dilute acids and alkaline soap solutions.
• resistance against dilute acids is meant that the formed surface layer resists a prolonged treatment with a 0.4% solution of formic acid or sulfuric acid such as is sometimes used in dyeing operations.
• resistance against soap solutions is means that the formed surface layer resists a prolonged and/or repeated washing with a solution containing 0.2% soap and 0.2% sodium carbonate.
• Dyed as well as undyed products may be satisfactorily treated according to the process of the present invention.
• a great advantage is that the treated undyed products may be dyed later on without losing their antistatic properties.
• the antistatic layer may be dyed. It is also possible'to add a dye or pigment to the first bath and to obtain directly in this manner a colored antistatic layer. 7
• Weblike, permeable textile products such as warps of threads in which the threads are, spaced some distance and parallel to each other, webs of fabrics and paper'- like, non-permeable elongated products, such as films and foils, made from the basic materials mentioned, may
• Example I In an aqueous solution containing 1.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and 0.1% by weight of the sodium salt of oleylmethyltauride, 10 kg. polyamide fibers (titrei 4.5 den., and staple length: 110 mm.) were immersed. The temperature of the bath was C. The bath ratio was 1:16, and the fibrous mass was treated while stirring centrifuged to a" moisture content of about 20%. Subsequently'the masswasdried for two hours in aw'ell opened Thereafter, the mass was and divided condition at 60 C. and thereafter baked for 20 minutes at 140 C.
• the thus-treated fibers were further treated while stirring for 15 minutes in a second bath containing 0.5% by weight of stearyltrirnethylarnmonium chloride.
• the temperature of the bath was 45 C. and the bath ratio 1:16. Thereafter the fibrous mass was centrifuged, carefully rinsed, again centrifuged and finally dried at 60 C.
• the fiber so obtained could be easily carded and it was possible to process said fiber in an easy manner to de sirable yarns, intermediate products and final products.
• the articles manufactured did not, for all practical purposes, show the disadvantage of attracting dirt and dust, or to hold dirt or dust.
• the layer provided on the surface of the fiber could not be washed away by treatment with hot water, hot dilute acids and warm alkaline soap solutions.
• the layer applied was also resistant against the usual treatments, such as dyeing, washing, etc.
• Example II In an analogous manner to that described in Example I, an amount of kg. fibers from polyethyleneterephthalate was treated. Notwithstanding the fact that the polymer from which the fiber was manufactured had an entirely different molecular structure than that of the fiber of Example I, the treated fiber showed completely analogous effects in comparison with the product treated according to Example 1.
• Example 11 A web of shirt material, manufactured from a superpolyamide obtained by polymerization of s-caprolactam (Td 50/10), having in the warp as well as in the weft 60 threads of 50 denier (10 filaments) per cm., was soaked on a triple roller device with a solution of 1.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and 0.1% by weight of sodiurnoleylmethyltauride in water. The solution was kept at a temperature of 80-90 C. The pressing-out effect was about 40%.
• the Web was heated under tension at 190 C. and for a period of 20 seconds. In this manner the baking of the applied layer and the known stabilization of the polyarnide fabric was combined in one operation. Subsequently, the fabric was impregnated in a triple roller device with an aqueous solution containing 0.5% stearyltrimethylammoniumchloride. The pressing-out effect here was about 45%.
• the fabric the color of which had remained unchanged, retained its antistatic character even after 40 washings in a warm solution of 0.2% sodium soap and 0.2% sodium carbonate.
• the antistatic layers obtained by the process according to the present invention show varying stabilities in some respects, it was observed that in course of time the initially-obtained antistatic action was not lost. This is contrary to the results obtained with the usual treatments for making products antistatic where the initially-obtained antistatic action diminished after some time.
• a process for imparting antistatic properties to high molecular weight synthetic polymeric fibers consisting essentially of treating the fibers with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid at a temperature less than C., thereafter drying the thus pre-treated fibers, subsequently heating them to an elevated temperature above 100 C., then treating them with an aqueous solution of a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound, and finally drying them.
• a process for imparting antistatic properties to fibers of a high molecular weight synthetic polymer selected from the class consisting of polyamides, polyesters and acrylonitrile polymers the steps consisting essentially of treating the fibers with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid at a temperature less than 100 C., thereafter drying the thus pretreated fibers, subsequently heating them to an elevated temperature above 100 C., then treating them with an aqueous solution of a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound, and finally drying them.
• a process for imparting antistatic properties to polyamide fibers consisting essentially of treating the fibers with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid at a temperature less than 100 C., thereafter drying the thus pre-treated fibers, subsequently heating them to an elevated temperature above 100 C., then treating them with an aqueous solution of a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound, and finally drying them.
• a process for imparting antistatic properties to polyethyleneterephthalate fibers consisting essentially of treating the fibers with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid at a temperature less than 100 C., thereafter drying the thus pre-treated fibers, subsequently heating them to an elevated temperature above 100 C., then treating them with an aqueous solution of a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound, and finally drying them.
• a process for imparting antistatic properties to polycaprolactam fibers consisting essentially of treating the fibers with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid at a temperature less than 100 C., thereafter drying the thus pro-treated fibers, subsequently heating them to an elevated temperature above 100 C., then treating them with an aqueous solution of a quarternary alkyl ammonium compound, and finally drying them.
• McCutcheon Synthetic Detergents, Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, August 1949, pp. 39 and 40.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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  • BE BE548358D patent/BE548358A/xx unknown
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  • BE BE537221D patent/BE537221A/xx unknown
• 1954
  • 1954-07-01 NL NL188891A patent/NL80706C/xx active
• 1955
  • 1955-04-09 CH CH340261D patent/CH340261A/de unknown
  • 1955-04-12 DE DEN10496A patent/DE1014515B/de active Pending
  • 1955-04-15 GB GB10943/55A patent/GB791476A/en not_active Expired
  • 1955-05-23 FR FR1133471D patent/FR1133471A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1955-06-01 US US512566A patent/US2936249A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1955-08-03 NL NL199436A patent/NL84360C/xx active
• 1956
  • 1956-06-04 DE DEN12314A patent/DE1018385B/de active Pending
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  • 1956-06-06 GB GB17529/56A patent/GB803174A/en not_active Expired
  • 1956-06-28 FR FR70728D patent/FR70728E/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-07-23 US US599308A patent/US2983628A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1956-07-23 US US599307A patent/US3000758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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