US2935458A - Motor fuels of high octane value - Google Patents

Description

United States Patent MOTOR FUELS OF HIGH OCTANE VALUE Warren Nevin Norton Knight, Sunbury-on-Thames, England, assignor to The British Petroleum Company Limited, Finsbury Circus, London, England, a British jointstock corporation No Drawing. Application December 27, 1956 Serial No. 630,764

Claims priority, application Great Britain January 11, 1956 1 Claim. (Cl.'20862) This invention relates to the production of high octane motor gasolines of adequate volatility. I

Catalytic cracking and hydroforming are among the processes which contribute to the production of high octane gasolines. In the catalytic cracking process, a petroleum feedstock boiling above the gasoline boiling range is cracked in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, while in the hydroforming process, petroleum naphthas that have a low octane number are contacted at elevated tempera- 1 ture in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst capable of converting naphthenes into aromatics to give a product of greatly increased octane number. A hydrotorming process that has been widely adopted uses a platinumcontaining catalyst and such a process will hereinafter be referred to as platinum reforming.

In the specification of the copending application Ser. No. 622,259, filed November 15, 1956, now Patent No. 2,897,027, there is described the preparation of high octane motor gasoline of adequate volatility by blending between 40% and 60% by volume of a high octane, low volatility component consisting of the higher boiling fraction of a platinum reformate, constituting 40% to 60% by-weight of the platinum reformate, and between 60% and 40% byvolume of a high octane, high volatility component consisting of the lower boiling fraction of catalytically cracked gasoline having an end boiling point between 80 and 120 C. As a result, there remains a light, that is, lower boiling, fraction of the plati num reformate having a relatively low octane number and high volatility and constituting 40% to 60% by.

weight of the platinum reformate, and a heavy, that is, higher boiling, fraction of the catalytically cracked gasoline, having a relatively high octane number and low I Research with 1.5 ml. TEL/1G.

The conditions under which the thermal. reforming treatment should be carried out will depend upon the properties of the blend and those required in the final product, but in general the following conditions will be found to be suitable:

Temperature 1000 to 1200 F.

Pressure 200 to 1200 p.s.i.g.

Conversion Up to 25% wt. C

and lighter.

The invention will now be described with reference to the following example.

Example In the specification of the aforesaid copending application Ser. No. 622,259, now Patent No.-2,897,027, a high octane gasoline is described comprising 55% by volume of a light catalytically cracked gasoline having a boiling range of C to 100 C., and 45% by volume of a 45% Weight platinum reformate residue. The associated light platinum reformate and heavy catalytically cracked gasoline when blended together give a gasoline of 82 Research octane and a volatility of 50.5% evaporated at 100 C. Inspection data on these materials are given in the following table.

Blend 63% vol. light Light Heavy platinum plati- Cat. reformate, num re- Cracker 37% vol. formats Gasoline heavy cat.

cracker gasoline Sp. 2!. F 0. 7150 0.8175 0. 7520 ASTM Distillation:

IBP, C 31. 5 100. 5 35 2% vol. recovered "O 40 113. 5 43 5% vol. recovered C 43. 5 117. 5 48. 5 10% vol; recovered C 48. 5 123 56. 5 20% vol. recovered G.. 56. 5 133 72 30% vol. recovered O-. 66 143 82. 5 40% vol. recovered C 74. 5 150. 5 90 50% vol. recovered C. 80 158 100. 5 60% vol. recovered O 88. 5 165. 5 117 70% vol. recovered O 93 175. 5 136 vol. recovered C 101. 5 187. 5 155 vol. recovered C- 113 201. 5 181 FBP vol. recovered, C... 129 223 204 Total distilled, percent vol 98 99 Residue, v 0.8 0.8 0- 5 Loss, vol 1. 2 0.2 1. 5 Recovery 70 0., v l 35 19 Recovery 100 0., v 78 49 Recovery 140 0., vol 27. 5 Aromatics, percent 25.5 25.0 25.0 Octane number Research 75.0 92. 7 82. 0 Octane number Motor 72. 4 80.0 74. 2

This blend was thermally reformed at 750 p.s.i.g and 1050 F. to a conversion of 19% Weight C and lighter,

and gave a gasoline (67% weight yield) of 97.5 octane number Research clear (100 Research octane number+l.5 ml. TEL/1G) and a volatility of 42% evaporated at 100 C.

I claim:

A process for the production of a motor gasoline of at least 100 octane number (Research) with 1.5 ml. TEL/1G, which comprises separating a platinum reformate into lower boiling fraction constituting between 40% and 60% by weight of the reformate and having a relatively low octane number and high volatility, and a higher boiling remainder constituting between 60% and 40% by weight of the reformate and having a high octane number and low volatility; separating a catalytically. cracked gasoline into a lower boiling fraction having an end boiling point between 80 and C., and a higher boiling remainder having a relatively high octane number and low volatility and an initial boiling point between 80 and 120 C.; blending together said lower boiling fraction of said platinum reformate and said higher boiling remainder of said catalytically cracked gasoline;

thermally reforming the resultant blend at a temperature of 1000" F. to 1200 F. and a pressure of 200 to 1200 p.s.i.g to effect a conversion of up to 25% wt. of the blend to C and lighter; and, recovering, as a product, a

motor gasoline of at least 100 octane number (Research) with 1.5 ml. TEL/1G.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,160,872 Kemp L... June 6, 1939 2,431,515 Shepardson Nov. 25, 1947 2,479,110 Haensel Aug. 16, 1949 2,532,615 Ewell Dec. 5, 1950 2,684,325 Deansely July 20, 1954 2,891,901 Donaldson June 23, 1959 2,897,132 ,Kuight July 28, 1959