US2935126A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

c. a. KACZENSKI OIL BURNER May 3, 19 0' Filed NOV. 1, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Charles B. Imam/1.9M

INVENTOR.

BY a %w May 3, 1960 c. B. KACZENSKI OIL BURNER Filed Nov. 1, 1956 2 Sheets-$heet 2 Char/es B. Kaczenski IN VEN TOR.

This inventioncomprises a novel and useful oilvburner andrmore particularly relates to a burner adapted. to elfectively and economically consume refuse oil.

; The primary purpose of thisv invention is to provide an..oi1. burner adapted for efficiently utilizing refuse oil as a. fuel-and other low grades of oil.

' Afurther object of'theinventiori is to providea burner inQaccord'ance. the preceding object and which is adapted to supply an economical source of heat for boiling sap and for making maple syrup and the like, also fr joperatin a. steam. boiler, drying hay and grain and far other, purposes, for which heat is required. furtherobject of the. invention. is to provide an oil burner in. conformance with the aforementioned objects which shallbe ofa simple, compact and economical construction,v and yet which may be readily adjusted for regulating the combustion of low grades of fuel oil. 7

Still another important purpose of the invention is the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in v which:

Figure 1 is a partly diagrammatic view showing in elevation an oil burner in accordance with this invention, together with a means for forming a combustible mixture and supplying the same to the oil burner;

Figure 2 is a vertical central longitudinal sectional view through the oil burner shown inFigure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view through the oil burner, taken substantially upon the plane indicated by section line 33 of Figure 2; r

Figure 4 is a view in vertical section taken substantially upon the plane indicated by the section line 44 of Figure l and showing the internal construction of an expansion chamber forming a part of the system; and Figure 5 is a rear vertical section taken substantially upon the plane indicated bythe section line 55 of Figure 1 and showing a gas and oil mixer forming a part of the combustible mixture supply means. The oil burning system in accordance with this inven tion is adapted to utilize with a high degree of efficiency a low quality of refuse orjlow grade oil as a fuel, as for example, a mixture of 50 parts of crankcase oil with parts of furnace oil.

Referring first to Figure, 1, it will be seen that the numeral 10 designates generally a storage tank in which the low grade of refuse oil to be employed as a fuel is v United States Patent 0 stored, the fuelbeing supplied from this tank through a. manual control valve 12 to a gas and oil mixing device 14. From the latter, the mixture of air and oil in an atomized form is delivered by a pipe '16 to the intake of a compressor indicated generally by the numeral 18 and which may be driven-from a motor or the like 20. From the. compressor the compressed oil and air components of the combustible mixture are delivered by a conduit 22, thelatter communicating with the bottom of a vertical tank 24 constituting a pressure storage chamber providingv a reservoir for storing the combustible componentsunder pressure and for eliminating pulsations or surges in. the supply of the combustible mixture to the fuel burner. Conveniently, this tank may be provided with a pressure gauge such as that indicated at 26. From the. tank 24, the combustible components under pressure are. delivered by the pipe 28 to the oil burner forming the subject of this-invention and which is indicated generally by the numeral 30.

Referring next to Figure 5, it will be seen that the air and gas mixer 14 consists of a receptacle openat its upper end and into which the valved conduit 12 discharges as shown by the arrows in Figure 5. The discharge conduit 16. connects with the bottom wall of the receptacle 14 and is provided with a screen 32 having an imperforate top wall 34. The arrangement is such that the oil entering at the top of. the member 14 strikes the top of the plate 34 and passes downwardly around the side of the screen. Air being drawn by the suction of the compressor 18 through the conduit 16 draws in thisoil causing the latter to atomize and forming a combustible air and gasmixture, the ratio of oil to the tfixed intake, of air being. controlled by the manual valve 12 I Referring now. more particularly to Figure 2, it will berseen that the oil' burner 30- comprises a cylindrical body 40' which is open at both of its ends and Whose hollow interior constitutes a cylindrical combustion chamber. 42. Surrounding the chamber 42 is a cylindrical jacket 44' constituting a pre-heater for the combustible mixture as set forth hereinafter. Conveniently the body 40 and its jacket 44 may be mounted upon supporting legs 46, and preferably the chamber 42 is disposed at a slight inclination to the horizontal as shown.

The conduit 28 for supplying the compressed fuel mixture communicates with one end of the jacket 44 which thus constitutes a preheater for the combustible mixture. Preferably this communication of the conduit 28 is at the bottom portion of the jacket, and a conduit 48 communicates with the upper portion of this jacket for delivering the preheated combustible mixture to a fuel discharge nozzlev 50 disposed in the interior of the chamber 42 through the open inlet end of the same. The nozzle 50 preferably discharges the compressed combustible mixture in the form of a conical spray 52 as indicated in Figure 2. v

In order'to regulate and control the combustion and the combustion flame within the combustion chamber 42, there is provided a sleeve 54. This sleeve is preferably formed withja longitudinal slot or split 56 along its bottom wall providing for expansion and contraction of said sleeve and the sleeve is adapted to rest at the longitudinal edges of the slot or split 56 upon the bottom wall of the combustion chamber 42 for sliding movement therealong. As will be apparent from Figures 2 and 3;

the sleeve is of less diameter than that of the combustion chamber 42 so that a space or chamber 58 is provided between the side and top walls of the sleeve and the corresponding walls of the combustion chamber. This space is employed for a purpose to be now described.

When the combustible mixture discharged from the nozzle 50 into the sleeve 54 in the combustion chamber 42 is ignited in any suitable manner, the combustion products are discharged from the open end of the combustion chamber shown at the left of Figure 2. The velocity of flow from the nozzle 50 together with the expansion of the'combustion products causes a draft or flow through the sleeve 54 from the right to the left end of the same. This, in turn, causes a recirculation of some of the products of combustion from the chamber 42 to the previously mentioned space between the sleeve and the wall of the combustion chamber, and into the open right hand end of the sleeve as indicated by the dotted line 60. This recirculation of products of combustion insures a more complete and'a more intense combustion of the oil. p g

It will now be evident that by sliding the sleeve upon the bottom wall of the combustion chamber longitudinally thereof, the shape of the flame'of combustion and the extent of recirculation of combustion products can be readily regulated and controlled. Means are provided for adjusting the position of the sleeve. For this purpose there is provided a rack bar 62 which is secured to the interior of the sleeve at the bottom wall of the same and extends from the right hand end of the sleeve and through the right hand end of the combustion chamber to the exterior of the latter, being provided with a finger-grip portion 64 whereby the sleeve may be manually adjusted. There is also provided a shaft 66 having thereon a gear '68 registering with the rack bar 62, whereby upon rotation of the handle 70 sliding movement may be imparted to the rack bar and to the sleeve.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those 4 said chamber and adapted to contain a combustible fuel mixture of oil and air under pressure, a burner nozzle extending into the other end of said chamber to direct a flame out of said discharge end of said chamber, means for feeding fuel mixture under pressure from said jacket to said nozzle to cause a flame to be directed from said nozzle at high velocity, an open ended flame control sleeve of smaller diameter andv shorter than said chamber disposed longitudinally in said chamber and spaced from said body and surrounding said nozzle with a flame discharge end facing the discharge end of said chamber, said control sleeve having its ends spaced inwardly from the ends of said chamber whereby flame 'directed from said nozzle at high velocity and issuing from the discharge end of the control sleeve will cause a difierential in pressure in said chamber at the ends of the control sleeve resulting in an aspirating effect causing a recirculation of the flame and products of combustion from the discharge end of the control sleeve through the space between said body and control sleeve and into the other end of said control sleeve, said control sleeve being longitudinally split for expansion and contraction and having longitudinal edges at said split slidablyresting on the bottom of said body for sliding adjustment of the control sleeve'relative to said nozzle to control the shape of the flame and the extent of recirculation of said flame and products of com bustion. 2. The combination of claim 1, and means for adjusting said control sleeve comprising a rack bar fixed to said sleeve and extending therefrom out of one end of the combustion chamber, and a crank operated gear meshing with saidrack bar for moving the rack bar longitudinally.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS, 7

Brown et a1. Oct. 28, 1958

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