US2932914A

US2932914A - Calendar calculator

Info

Publication number: US2932914A
Application number: US720332A
Authority: US
Inventors: Willis L Lamkin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1958-03-10
Filing date: 1958-03-10
Publication date: 1960-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 1977-04-19

Description

April 19, 1960 W. L. LAMKIN CALENDAR CALCULATOR Filed March l0. 1958 FIC.

Don mm mm A L L. .la L M ORNEYS United States CALENDAR CALCULATR Willis L. Lamkin, Wethersfield, Conn.

Application March 10, 1958, Serial No. i2ti,532

Y 4 Claims. (ci. 4cm-irs) This invention relates to calculating devices and more particularly to a simple calculator device which may be employed to determine directly, the particular day of the week when only the date is known.

A further object is to provide a dial-type calculator which can be used directly to determine the particular day of a week in any particular year from the year 5 A D. to infinity without necessitating the reference to charts requiring computations, or without the utilization of any external infomation.

The calculator, accordingly, consists in the features of construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exempliiied in the construction hereinafter set forth in the scope of the application which will be indicated in the appended claims.

. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a bottom end view of Fig. l lookingup from the bottom and with parts broken away to show a window.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the dial showing the day of `the week indicia thereon. l

Calculating devices in the past have used certain basic information in relation to calendars now in general use. In 1582, the Gregorian calendar became eiective to correct a slight error in the Julian calendar. This correoe tion was intended to prevent further errors wherein it was provided that of the centennial years (1600, 1700, etc.,) only those exactly divisible by 400 should be leap years. This was adopted in Great Britain and the English colonies, in America, in 1752.

The present invention contemplates a device wherein calculations may be made involving dates concerned with the Julian as well as the Gregorian calendars.

ln calculating dates, certain codes Were used for the months as follows: January is l, February is 4, March is 4, etc. This is necessary because the months have different numbers of days in them; forl example, January has four weeks and `three days, February, therefore, starts three days later than January and the code for February will be three more than the code for January. The code for January being 1, the code for February will be 4. The codes for each month are as follows:

1 Leap Year, January 0. 2 Leap Year, February 3.

Each century is assigned a code because each century normally starts tive days later in the week than the previous century except for the centuries divisible by 4. As an example, the century 1900 started ivedays later than the century 1800, therefore using 1900 as a-starting point, and giving 1900 the code of zero the century 1800 would have a code of minus 5 or plus 2. Likewise, the code for 1700, since it is two more than when using 1800, would be 4. The century 20, being divisible by 4, would start six `days later than the previous century, therefore using 1900 as a standard, the code for 2000 would be 6. The code numbers for centuries repeat every 400 years.

' Year 07, code 1 2,932,914 Patented Apr. 19, 1960 For centuries in the future, subtract 4 or multiples of 4 until you arrive at 17, 18, 19 or 20 and then use the code for that number.

If the iirst day of the month falls on Saturday, the second will fall on Sunday, the third on Monday, etc., and the eighth again on Saturday, and every seventh day will fall on Saturday. Therefore, each date of the month is given a code according to its number as follows:

Date of month code left over, constitutedrthe code for the particular year i within the century. Another conventional system precalculates the code for each year from 00 to 99 inclusive and presents them on a chart. These codes can be determined as follows.

Each regular or non-leap year has 52 weeks and one day, therefore, the code for any regular or non-leap year within the century would be one more than the code for the previous year. Leap year would be an exception because it has 2 days more than 52 weeks, and the code for any leap year would be 2 more than the previous ear. Following this principle, the code for any year within the century can be found as follows:

(Leap Year, add 2).

(We have gone through one week and are back to the starting point)- Year 08, code 3 (Leap Year) etc.

Applying this process from (0) through 99, we obtain for each year the following codes:

Year of century code (conventional method) No. Code No Code No Code No. Code N o. Code 0 20--. 4 40--. l 60--. 5 80--- 2 l 21--- 5 41.-- 2 6l--. 6 81.-- 3 2 22--- 6 42--. 3 62--. 0 82.-- 4 3 23--- 0 43--. 4 63.-. 1 83--. 5 24.-- 2 44... 6 64... 3 84.-. 0 6 25--- 3 45.-- 0 65.-. 4 85.-- l` 0 26.-. 4 46.-. l 66.-. 5 86... 2 l 27.-. 5 47... 2 67... 6 87... 3 3 28--- 0 48.-. 4 68- l 8B--. 5 4 29... 1 49... 5 69... 2 89... 6 5 30... 2 50... 6 70--. `3 90... 0 6 3l... 3 51--. 0 7l-.. 4 91--. l l 32-.. 5 52.-. 2 72... G 92-.. 3 2 33--. 6 53-.. 3 73-.. 0 93--. 4 3 34... 0 54... 4 74... 1 94..- 5 4 35--. l 55-.. 5 75... 2 95..- 6 G 36... 3 55... 0 76... 4 95..- ALl 0 37.-. 4 57--. 1 77'.-. 5 97--. 2 l 38.-- 5 58--. 2 78--. 6 98--- 3 2 39... 6 59... 3 79... 0 99-.- ,4

This system of the present invention employs a diler- It'will beA noted that the differences varysbetween 5 and 6, which will be discussed in detail later. The following isI a comparison of codes for through 9 with those for 25 2O through 29.

` 0-9 20-29V Difference 7-1 27-5 4 35 s-s 2s-o 4 Asthe difference is always 4, it isobvious that we. can assign-the code of 4 to 2D. .Tovfindithe code for 22,-for example, simply take the code for 2, which is 2, and add 4. The answer of 6 agrees with the chart above. The following is a comparison of codes for the years O through 9 and with all decades.

45 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 5 4 2 1 5 5 s 2 o 5 4 2 1 s 5 3 2 0 4 a 1 o 5 4 2 1 4 3 1 o 5 4 V2 1 5 4 2 1 e 5 a 2 0 50 5 4 2 1 5 s 5 .a 2 o 5 4 3 1 o 5 4 2 1 e 4 3 1 o -5 4 2 1 5 4 2 1 v 5 5 3 2 o 5 4 2 1 e 5 l 3 2 o 55 yIn "the even numbered decades, the differences are all uniform and thus these dilerences Vbecome the codes for the decades.

The odd numbered ydecades require unique treatment. IIt is noted that the differences for 2, 3, 6, and 7 are each 60 one higher than for 0, 1, 4, 5, 8, and 9. Therefore, this system increases the codes for 2,3, 6, 7, v10, 30, 50, 70, and 9Uv by 1/2 with .these results:

Whenever 2, 3, 6 or 7 become associated with 10, 30, 50, 70 or 90, two halves are added making theresult agree with what it `should be.

The invention has been devised so that two steps are necessary to advance the dial one day, and 14 steps are required to advance it one complete turn or one week. in transmitting the code into the machine, the codes are multiplied by 2. Code 1 becomes two steps or sectors on the dial, code 21/2 becomes 5 steps or sectors on the dial, etc.

"vi/nenever a 2, 3, 6 or 7 becomes

associatedrwith

20, 40, `60 or 80, or whenever 0, l, 4, 5, 8 or 9 becomes associated with V10, 30, 50, 70 or 90, an extra step is added to the dialing of the device. This does not effect the answer,A as two additional steps are required to add-one day.

Referring to the drawings, there is shownY allbase' 20 having indicia thereon shown in six representative circular bands, with said bands vbeing numbered from the inner band tothe outer band 21-26 inclusive, consequently, to calculate information for the month, day, Gregorian century, Julian century, decade of century, and year in decade respectively. A circular dial 39 has fourteen nger apertures formed therein adjacent theeperipheral edge of said dial with said apertures being equidistantly spaced in a circle, said apertures'being numbered consecutively from l-14 inclusive beginning with the finger aperture next adjacent the dial index 14, which is identical with the linger aperture 14 but has a particular function in relation to a reference index.

The dial 351 has day-of-the-week indicia thereon, It will be noted that beginning Wtih Sunday, the indicia is presented on the dial for the consecutive days of the week through Saturday in a counterclockwise'manner and having two representations for each day of the week, with one of the representations of one day being radially aligned with one of the iinger apertures, there being fourteen finger apertures -and'indicia representing fourteen days.

The six circular bands arealso divided radially into fourteen sectors, with one sector Abeing associated with each of the linger apertures and its corresponding representative day indicia. The sectors on the base, for pur- Vposes of explanation, are given represented reference characters corresponding withvthe reference characters of the finger apertures but are shown with the reference characters primed. Accordingly, finger `aperture 2 would correspond with sector 2', iinger aperture 3 would correspond with sector 3', etc., for the entire compliment ofnger apertures and sectors.

An indicator element is secured by pins 36 and V37 to the base 2i?. The indicator has a shape somewhatlke a paddle having a disc portion and a handle portion, with said handle portion being secured to the base and with the disc portion extending over `an area suflicient to obscure the day of the week indicia '40 when the indicator element is secured as shown in Fig. l, and wherein the dial 30 is pivotally mounted in the operative position 'by the band 41 which is inserted through the indicator element and the dial penetrates the base suiiiciently to hold the dial in operative position and permits free ro'- tary movement of the dial. The disc portion of the indicator element has a day indicator window 44 formed therein. The indicia 40 on the dial is so placed in its Y asteniav in, the various indicia on the base has been coordinated so that there is certain information associated with each of the sectors. The information on the calculator is so presented as to provide an operative calculator simply by selecting the proper linger aperture and dialing same from Whatever angular position the dial happens to be in, to the position of the reference index. The dialing process must be done in a definite sequence according to the date for which the information concerning the day is sought.

Fig. 1 clearly shows the particular information presented in each sector of the circular band. An example for the information in one sector is as follows. Considering sector 10', the indicia in the sector of band 21 is shown as the month of May. The indicia for the day band 22 is 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30; for the sector of the Gregorian century the indicia is 1800; for the Julian century there is shown indicia of 1600, 900 and 200; for the decade of century band 25 there is shown Si), and for the year in the decade band 26 there is no indicia for this particular position.

lt will be noted that the month circular band 21 has indicia Jan and Feb, which are representative for nonleap year months of January and February, respectively. The January and February referred to are shown in sectors 12' and 6', respectively. It will also be noted on the drawings that in sector 14 there is shown the legend Jan LY, representing January, Leap Year, and in sector 8', there is shown the legend Feb LY, representing February of Leap Year.

Leap years are automatic for any date between March lst and December 31st inclusive. For January dates in Leap Year, dial Jan LY. For February dates in Leap Year, dial Feb LY. Every year divisible by 4 is Leap Year except the centurial years which cannot be divided by 4 evently.

By dialing the device as one would a telephone, one can determined the day of the week for any date from the year 5 A.D. to infinity.

in order to demonstrate proper operation of the calculator, note the following example. As a problem, let us assume that we desire to determine the day of the week on which the Declaration of Independence was signed, namely July 4, 1776. Before actually Working the problem on the calculator, the calculator must be pre-set with the dial index' i4 in the proper position adjacent the linger stop or reference index 46, as shown in Fig. l. This preliminary operation is the initial setting of the calculator as the basic reference point for all operations. The date may then be dialed by proper sequential dialing of the device, This is done by inserting the finger in the respective finger aperture for the sector embracing the particular information and rotating the dail, each time, to the stop or reference index position and in any sequence, such as follows:

Se uence eration Finger q p Aperture First Step Find the month in the innermost circle. July Place your finger in the hole over the month and dial clockwise to the reisrcnce index or stop position.

Second Stepm., Find the day of the month in the second 4 circle and dial as before.

'Third Step Find the century in the 3rd circle and dial. 1700 (Gregorian calendar.)

Fourth Stap.. Find thc decade of the century in the th 70 circle and dial.

Fifth Step.- Find the year of the decade in the outer 6 most circle and dial.

Of course, it is not necessary to dial when the particular number is already at the reference index position. In the right hand margin above is shown the numbers to dial when nding the day of the week for July 4, 1776. When lthe dialing is completed, the day of the week will appear in the window of the calculator, and in the present instance will show as Thursday.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently -widely dierent embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the language used in the following claims is intended to cover all ofthe generic and Specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

I claim:

l. A calendar calculator comprising stop means on said base, an indicator having means for indicating the days of the week and being movable along a path of movement relative to the base in steps limited by said stop means to indicate the days of the Week in predetermined sequence, and means for advancing the indicator sequentially in steps limited by said stop means to directly indicate the day on which a selected date falls comprising indicia on the base for indicating months, days, centuries, decades and year integers, said indicia being arranged in groups and being spaced along the path of movement of the indicator in steps in accordance with a predetermined code for the selected month, a predetermined code for the selected day of the month, a predetermined code for the selected century, a predetermined code for the selected decade, and a predetermined code for the selected year integer, said stop means cooperating with said indicator to display a selected day of the week.

2. A calendar calculator comprising a base, a dial rotatably mounted on the base and carrying indicia for each day of the week circularly arranged in sequence, a stationary window for viewing the indicia of a single day of the week when the dial is stationary, a plurality of finger engageable indexing means circularly arranged on the dial in relationship to the indicia for the days of the week, and a plurality of sectors on the base registering with said indexing means, said base having groups of indicia arranged at varying radial distances from the center of the dial to indicate months, days of the months, centuries, decades and year integers respectively, each group being distributed among said sectors in accordance with a predetermined code.

3. A calendar calculator comprising stop means on said base, an indicator having means thereon for indicating the days of the week and being movable along a path of movement relative to the base in steps limited by said stop means to indicate the days of the week in predetermined sequence, means for advancing the indicator in steps in accordance with a predetermined code for the selected month, means for advancing the indicator in steps in accordance with a predetermined code for the selected day of the month, means for advancing the indicator in steps in accordance with the selected century, means for advancing the indicator a half step or multiple of half steps in accordance with a predetermined code for the decades including indicia on the base disposed along said path of movement for indicating the decades at step distances as follows: 51/2, 4, 2%, 1, 61/2, 5, 31/2, 2 and 1/2, and means for advancing the indicator a half step or multiple of half steps in accordance with a predetermined code for the year integers including indicia on the base disposed along said path of movement for indicating the year integers at step distances as follows: 1, 21/2, 3%, 5, 6, 1A, 11/2, 3 and 4, each of said step movements being limited by said stop means, said stop means cooperating with said indicator to display a selected day of the week.

4. A calendar calculator comprising a base divided into 14 sectors, an indicator rotatably mounted on the base having means for indicating a selected day of the Week and being rotatable to show the days in sequence for each movement equal to two sectors, said base having a tlrst ring of indicia arranged in alternate sectors in acrngnlths ofthe year,af.s``cond ,riggnf ,irndiciaarranged lin said alternate Ysectors inaccordanewitha predetermined code to `indicate `thev day of the month, .a third', ring of References Cited in the le of l this patentr indicia arranged in saidv alternate sectorsA in aceordanee 5 with a ypredefermined code to indicate centuries, a vfourth ring of indicia denoting decades arranged in the sectors inv thefollowing sequence: 0, 90, .40, blank,.80, 30, blank, 70, 20, blank, 60, 10, blank, 50, and a fth ring of Vinclieia denoting year integers arranged in the sectors, in the fol- 1 UNITED :STATE-S PATENTS