US2923378A - Gas solid contact - Google Patents

Gas solid contact Download PDF

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US2923378A
US2923378A US499321A US49932155A US2923378A US 2923378 A US2923378 A US 2923378A US 499321 A US499321 A US 499321A US 49932155 A US49932155 A US 49932155A US 2923378 A US2923378 A US 2923378A
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monofilament
gas
pellets
thc
contact
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US499321A
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Richard H Braunlich
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Akzo Nobel UK PLC
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American Viscose Corp
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Assigned to WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORDS FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y., AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY, KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.
Assigned to KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. reassignment KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORD FOR DETAILS) Assignors: AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP., ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP., WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.
Assigned to NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, WESTERN AND SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/O NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/O THE PAUL REVERE EQUITY MANAGEMENT COMPANY, BALBOA INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE PAUL REVERE EQUITY MANAGEMENT COMPANY, PROVIDENT ALLIANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE PAUL REVERE EQUITY MANAGEMENT COMPANY reassignment NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED. (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
    • B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J47/018—Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/54—Sorbents specially adapted for analytical or investigative chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/56—Use in the form of a bed

Definitions

  • This invcntion rclates to an extruded monofilament containing an inert material and, more particularly, to a pellct-like particle or wafer formed by cutting or slicing an cxtrudcd monofilament into predetermined lcngths.
  • a suitable spinneret or jet a monofilament, prefcrably of greater than 50 denier, in which a material suitable for usc in various types of. chemical proccssing equipment is bound.
  • the vehicle or binder used in the present invention is proferably cellnlosic such as viscose but may bc any extrudable materifl such as cellulose acetatc or nylon that can be conveniently and economically employed in the process.
  • Such materials may be polymeric, thermosetting or thermoplastic.
  • the present invention will be described primarily as employing a viscose monofilament in which the material which should be inert to the viscose may bc in thc rangc of 25-95% on the basis of the sellulose in the viscosc. Under other conditions the inert material may comprise from 1595% by weight of the final product.
  • Such pellets or particles aftcr regeneration are of great ntility in adsorption or cxtraction columns, ion-exchange columns, chromatography and catalyst beds for liquid and gas hase reactions.
  • any solid which may he pelletized for use in chcmical processing cquipment can be incorporated in the prcscnt invention in accordance with the particular type of apparatus and proccss for which it is intended.
  • Such a material will be referred to gencrally as the inert material to distinguish it from the binder or vchicle. It will be understood, howcver, that this inert material need only be inert to the particular binder employcd and thc typc cf regeneration or setting i1p that may bc rcquired under the circumstances.
  • the inert material may be comparativcly large without dangcr of plugging thc spinneret holes. 011 the other band, the present invcntion permits thc use of extremely finely ground material where such is desirable since the extruded monofilament can be regenerated with or without acid by means of a hot water bath, a salt bath, an acid bath or bot gas such as air, steam or nitrogen. With hot gas, an aging accclerator may be incorporated in the mixture before cxtrusion.
  • a particularly imp0rtant featurc of the present invention resides in thc ability to provide a relative porous pallet or disc which in turn permits complete enetration of thc fluid in the bed.
  • the pellcts are amorphous and will expand like tiny sponges to permit complete difiusion of liquid or gas through the individual pcllets. This represents a distinct advancc over the convcntional pallets supplied for usc in chemical apparatus because only surface contact with the pelletized material has been possible.
  • the movernent of the conventional pellets tends to permit small particlcs or fines to break oft. These are carried along with the gas or liquid so that iurther treatment to remove the fines is fre- "ice 2 quently required.
  • many useful catalysts cannot be pelletized in the conventional manner but can be incorporated in the pellets of the prcsent invention.
  • a primary object of the present invention therefore is to provide an improved pellet for use in chcmical proccssing equipment.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a porous pellet for use in chemical processing equipment.
  • a still further object cf the invention is to provide an improved porous pcllet having a cellulosic binder.
  • a further object 015 the invention is to provide a method for producing a uniform particle or pellet which may be packed into a controlled structure having use in catalyst beds and ion-cxchange beds.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved pellet f0r chemical processing beds in which the fincs are completely bound.
  • a further objcct of the invention is to provide an improved method for producing accurately a plurality of pellets having identical amounts of non-cellulosic material.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing cellulosically bound monofilaments.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspcctive showing a cutter for making small wafers or pellets from thc monofilamcnt formed as shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective showing on an enlargcd scale onc of the pellets.
  • the invention comprises essentially the formation of a relatively large monofilament cxtruded into a liquid bath to sct up a cellulosic vehicle in which a material useful in some chemical process has been injected.
  • the monofilarncnt can be sliced or chopped into small sections of uniform length so that the quantity of the material in cach pellet is accurately known.
  • thc filament can be regenerated without acid and the material carried by the cellulosic binder would be choscn so that it would be inert to the particular regeneration bath employed as well as inert to the viscose.
  • Examplcs of such materials are absorbent or adsorbent carbon black, catalysts such as Fe O Mg0, Cr O and aluminurn oxides; in fact, any material which is uscful in adsorption or extraction columns, ion-exchange columns, chromatography, catalyst beds for liquid or gas phase reactions.
  • catalysts such as Fe O Mg0, Cr O and aluminurn oxides
  • monofilament M is formed by extruding a mixture of liquid cellulosic vchicle such as viscose and the desircd inert material through a spinneret 5 into thc regenerating bath 6.
  • 'I-he filament is carried from the bath 6 0ver a guide 7 whereupon it may be wound up or stoied in any desirable manncr or after suitable washing may be directly sliced or pelletized.
  • the monofilament M in Figure 2 may be fcd into any slicing machine along a guide 8 and through a plate 9.
  • a revolving blade 10 cuts ofi or slices predetermined lcngths cf the filamcnt M to form the wafers or pellets P such as shown in Figure 3.
  • the blado 10 is rotated by means of shaft 11 connectcd to a suitable source of power not shown.
  • pellets formed as described above will have uniform distribution of the material carried in the binder. This will be the case even though cxcessive grinding is not required before extru-.
  • pellets or wafers can be counted or weighed to obtain an accurate calculation of the amount of material contained in any given.
  • nunaber or volurne They provoke seful in adsorption columns; for example; activated ca'rb'on in the pellets c2in. be*used to adsorb ammonia fr'dm gas strezims.
  • they may be used fd removd rganic materia'l dissolved in water and in packed bc':ds for .any type of liquid phase extraction.
  • Ion-exchange ai1dchr0- matography are other fields which find use for such peiletized material. Generally these uses invo1ve packed beds through which various fluids are passed.
  • a particularly noteworthy field for the products of the presentinventioa are in catalyst beds for both oiganic and inorganic rea :tions.- These reactions include synthesis, decomposition, hydration, dehydration; reduction, oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenaticin, chlorination, dechlorination, bromination, fluorination iodinatibn, nitrogenation, denitrogenation, sulfurization, desulfuriztion, alkylation, destructive alkylation, condensation, polymerization, isomerization and cyclization.
  • panticles cf contact agent comprise' 2595% by w'eight of the monofilament.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

Feb. 2, 1960 BRAUNL1CH 2,923378 GAS SOLID CONTACT Filed April 5 1955 Unitcd Statcs Patent GAS SOLID CONTACT Richard H. Braunlich, West Chester, Pa. assignor to American Viscose Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. a corporation of Delaware Application April 5, 1955, Serial N0. 499,321
5 Claims. (Cl. ISS-114.2)
This invcntion rclates to an extruded monofilament containing an inert material and, more particularly, to a pellct-like particle or wafer formed by cutting or slicing an cxtrudcd monofilament into predetermined lcngths.
In accordance with the present invention, I have found that it is possible to extrude through a suitable spinneret or jet a monofilament, prefcrably of greater than 50 denier, in which a material suitable for usc in various types of. chemical proccssing equipment is bound. The vehicle or binder used in the present invention is proferably cellnlosic such as viscose but may bc any extrudable materifl such as cellulose acetatc or nylon that can be conveniently and economically employed in the process. Such materials may be polymeric, thermosetting or thermoplastic. The present invention will be described primarily as employing a viscose monofilament in which the material which should be inert to the viscose may bc in thc rangc of 25-95% on the basis of the sellulose in the viscosc. Under other conditions the inert material may comprise from 1595% by weight of the final product. Such pellets or particles aftcr regeneration are of great ntility in adsorption or cxtraction columns, ion-exchange columns, chromatography and catalyst beds for liquid and gas hase reactions. Any solid which may he pelletized for use in chcmical processing cquipment can be incorporated in the prcscnt invention in accordance with the particular type of apparatus and proccss for which it is intended. Such a material will be referred to gencrally as the inert material to distinguish it from the binder or vchicle. It will be understood, howcver, that this inert material need only be inert to the particular binder employcd and thc typc cf regeneration or setting i1p that may bc rcquired under the circumstances. Since t.he nozzle or spinneret holes would preferably bc on the order of one-sixtcenth to onc-eighth of an inch in diameter or of a shape providing a corresponding area, the inert material may be comparativcly large without dangcr of plugging thc spinneret holes. 011 the other band, the present invcntion permits thc use of extremely finely ground material where such is desirable since the extruded monofilament can be regenerated with or without acid by means of a hot water bath, a salt bath, an acid bath or bot gas such as air, steam or nitrogen. With hot gas, an aging accclerator may be incorporated in the mixture before cxtrusion.
A particularly imp0rtant featurc of the present invention resides in thc ability to provide a relative porous pallet or disc which in turn permits complete enetration of thc fluid in the bed. The pellcts are amorphous and will expand like tiny sponges to permit complete difiusion of liquid or gas through the individual pcllets. This represents a distinct advancc over the convcntional pallets supplied for usc in chemical apparatus because only surface contact with the pelletized material has been possible. Furthermore, the movernent of the conventional pellets tends to permit small particlcs or fines to break oft. These are carried along with the gas or liquid so that iurther treatment to remove the fines is fre- "ice 2 quently required. In addition, many useful catalysts cannot be pelletized in the conventional manner but can be incorporated in the pellets of the prcsent invention.
A primary object of the present invention therefore is to provide an improved pellet for use in chcmical proccssing equipment.
A further object of the invention is to provide a porous pellet for use in chemical processing equipment.
A still further object cf the invention is to provide an improved porous pcllet having a cellulosic binder.
A further object 015 the invention is to provide a method for producing a uniform particle or pellet which may be packed into a controlled structure having use in catalyst beds and ion-cxchange beds.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved pellet f0r chemical processing beds in which the fincs are completely bound.
A further objcct of the invention is to provide an improved method for producing accurately a plurality of pellets having identical amounts of non-cellulosic material.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing cellulosically bound monofilaments.
Further objects will be apparent from the specification and drawings in which:
Figurc 1 is adiagrammatic showing of the apparatus for forn1ing a large monofilament in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspcctive showing a cutter for making small wafers or pellets from thc monofilamcnt formed as shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a perspective showing on an enlargcd scale onc of the pellets.
The invention comprises essentially the formation of a relatively large monofilament cxtruded into a liquid bath to sct up a cellulosic vehicle in which a material useful in some chemical process has been injected. The monofilarncnt can be sliced or chopped into small sections of uniform length so that the quantity of the material in cach pellet is accurately known. Preferably, thc filament can be regenerated without acid and the material carried by the cellulosic binder would be choscn so that it would be inert to the particular regeneration bath employed as well as inert to the viscose. Examplcs of such materials are absorbent or adsorbent carbon black, catalysts such as Fe O Mg0, Cr O and aluminurn oxides; in fact, any material which is uscful in adsorption or extraction columns, ion-exchange columns, chromatography, catalyst beds for liquid or gas phase reactions. The use of thc large extrusion orificc perrnits nearly any solid which is customarily pelletized for use in chemical proccssing to be bound in the cellulose monofilament and the regeneration bath would be chosen accordingly.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, a
monofilament M is formed by extruding a mixture of liquid cellulosic vchicle such as viscose and the desircd inert material through a spinneret 5 into thc regenerating bath 6. 'I-he filament is carried from the bath 6 0ver a guide 7 whereupon it may be wound up or stoied in any desirable manncr or after suitable washing may be directly sliced or pelletized. The monofilament M in Figure 2 may be fcd into any slicing machine along a guide 8 and through a plate 9. A revolving blade 10 cuts ofi or slices predetermined lcngths cf the filamcnt M to form the wafers or pellets P such as shown in Figure 3. The blado 10 is rotated by means of shaft 11 connectcd to a suitable source of power not shown.
It will be understood that the pellets formed as described above will have uniform distribution of the material carried in the binder. This will be the case even though cxcessive grinding is not required before extru-.
sion through the spinneret er jet 5. Such pellets or wafers can be counted or weighed to obtain an accurate calculation of the amount of material contained in any given. nunaber or volurne. They eine seful in adsorption columns; for example; activated ca'rb'on in the pellets c2in. be*used to adsorb ammonia fr'dm gas strezims. In the liquid'phase, they may be used fd removd rganic materia'l dissolved in water and in packed bc':ds for .any type of liquid phase extraction. Ion-exchange ai1dchr0- matography are other fields which find use for such peiletized material. Generally these uses invo1ve packed beds through which various fluids are passed.
A particularly noteworthy field for the products of the presentinventioa are in catalyst beds for both oiganic and inorganic rea :tions.- These reactions include synthesis, decomposition, hydration, dehydration; reduction, oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenaticin, chlorination, dechlorination, bromination, fluorination iodinatibn, nitrogenation, denitrogenation, sulfurization, desulfuriztion, alkylation, destructive alkylation, condensation, polymerization, isomerization and cyclization.
Particular benefits to be derived in the practice of the present invention include the ease and W cost of forming the large monofilaments and the pellets. Since the porosity of the bed can be accurately controlled by practicing the present invention, i. follows that the pressure drop through the beds can also be controlled' ai1d thus undesirable high pressure drop can be avoided; Precise quantity of the inert material present in the bed is capable of accu rate control. Thema is no d3nger that the particles cf the catalyst will be carried out with the gas er liquid when the pellets are used in the gas or liquid phase. It will be understood that the cross-sectional shape of the monofilament may take any desired form such as round, flat, squareetc. The term pellet used in the specification and claims is ihtended to include any thickness of the severed porti0n of the monofilament whether a very thin wafer-like size on up to rods or bars.
Having thus described my invention, 1 claim:
.1. A process of contacting a fluidwith acontact agent selected from the dass consisting of catalysts, absorbents and adsorbents, said contact agent being uniformly distributed in a packed bed cf a contact material through which the fluid is passed, the contact material being in the form of monofilament sections having a cellulosic body, with particles of the contact a'gent distributed uniformly within and forming an integral part of said monofilament sections.
2. Process of' claim 1 whereiri the Contact agent is carbon black.
3. Process of claim 1 wherein the contatt agent is a metal oxide.
4. Process of claim 1 wherein the panticles cf contact agent comprise' 2595% by w'eight of the monofilament.
5. A process for removing ammonia from a gas stream by passing said gas stream through a column cf contact material containing activated carbon which seleetively adsorbs the ammonia, the contact materi'al bein'g in the form of cellulos ic monofilarnent sections having a cellulosic bod'y, with fine1y divided. particles of activated carbon distributed uniformly within and forming an'integral part of said monofilament sections.
FOREIGN PATENTS 655,185 Great Britain Ju1y 11, 1951 y OTHER REFERENCES N Adsorption, by C. L. Mantell, McGraw-Hill Bock Co., Inc. New York, 1945, firstedition, page 12.

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS OF CONTACTING A FLUID WITH A CONTACT AGENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF CATALYSTS, ABSORBENTS
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3082481A (en) * 1959-05-13 1963-03-26 American Viscose Corp Method of making a gas filter
US3175339A (en) * 1956-08-09 1965-03-30 Fmc Corp Conjugated cellulosic filaments
US3318988A (en) * 1956-08-09 1967-05-09 Fmc Corp Process for preparing conjugated viscose filaments containing contact agents
US3428055A (en) * 1965-04-09 1969-02-18 Eastman Kodak Co Filter elements and additive therefor
EP0043759A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-13 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Hydrophilic substrate for sorbing heavy metals and method for making such substrate

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US1414194A (en) * 1922-04-25 Robert henry davis
US2052588A (en) * 1934-11-24 1936-09-01 Kurlash Co Inc Eyelash curler
US2066339A (en) * 1930-04-17 1937-01-05 Dreyfus Camille Artificial materials
US2090560A (en) * 1931-02-10 1937-08-17 Ubbelohde Leo Process for the manufacture of staple fiber
US2436201A (en) * 1943-06-26 1948-02-17 Du Pont Production of strain-free, extruded shapes from organic thermoplastic materials
US2465163A (en) * 1944-09-23 1949-03-22 Niles Bement Pond Co Corrosion prevention
US2537992A (en) * 1939-03-18 1951-01-16 William E Gross Gas mask canister
GB655185A (en) * 1948-06-22 1951-07-11 Robert Kris A new or improved apparatus for the production of pellets of thermoplastic or thermosetting materials of the class known as plastics

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1414194A (en) * 1922-04-25 Robert henry davis
US2066339A (en) * 1930-04-17 1937-01-05 Dreyfus Camille Artificial materials
US2090560A (en) * 1931-02-10 1937-08-17 Ubbelohde Leo Process for the manufacture of staple fiber
US2052588A (en) * 1934-11-24 1936-09-01 Kurlash Co Inc Eyelash curler
US2537992A (en) * 1939-03-18 1951-01-16 William E Gross Gas mask canister
US2436201A (en) * 1943-06-26 1948-02-17 Du Pont Production of strain-free, extruded shapes from organic thermoplastic materials
US2465163A (en) * 1944-09-23 1949-03-22 Niles Bement Pond Co Corrosion prevention
GB655185A (en) * 1948-06-22 1951-07-11 Robert Kris A new or improved apparatus for the production of pellets of thermoplastic or thermosetting materials of the class known as plastics

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3175339A (en) * 1956-08-09 1965-03-30 Fmc Corp Conjugated cellulosic filaments
US3318988A (en) * 1956-08-09 1967-05-09 Fmc Corp Process for preparing conjugated viscose filaments containing contact agents
US3082481A (en) * 1959-05-13 1963-03-26 American Viscose Corp Method of making a gas filter
US3428055A (en) * 1965-04-09 1969-02-18 Eastman Kodak Co Filter elements and additive therefor
EP0043759A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-13 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Hydrophilic substrate for sorbing heavy metals and method for making such substrate

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