US2921742A

US2921742A - Fuel nozzles

Info

Publication number: US2921742A
Application number: US742191A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jr Wadsworth J Johnsyn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1958-06-16
Filing date: 1958-06-16
Publication date: 1960-01-19
Anticipated expiration: 1977-01-19

Description

Jan. 19, 1960 w. J. JOHNSYN, JR 2,921,742

FUEL NOZZLES Filed June 16, 1958 29%) M E /q United States Patent FUEL NOZZLES Wadsworth I. Johnsyn, Jr., Milton, Mass.

Application June 16, 1958, Serial No; 742,191

3 Claims. (Cl. 239-125) This invention relates to combustion equipment, and ,more particularly to an improved form of fuel nozzle for oil burners and the like. p

This is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 643,176, filed February 28, 1957, now abandoned. Application SerialNo. 425,843 was a continuation in part of copending application .Serial No. 346,101, filed April 1, 1953,.now abandoned. Application Serial No. 239,735, filed 'August 1, 1951, now abandoned.

An object of the invention is to providefu'el nozzles having improved features of construction. Further objects are to provide nozzles which will atomize oil efiiciently at a range of capacities, and which are adaptable for use with high pressure units or with those operating at lower oil pressures. Other objects are to provide nozzles of advantageous character which will preclude drip of oil when the burners are not in operation, and additional objects are to provide nozzles which are non-clogging or self-cleaning in character.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those Tskilled in the art from the disclosures herein made.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating specific embodiments of the invention:

Figure 1 is an elevational view, diagrammatic in char- .acter, illustrating the incorporation of a nozzle of this invention in an oil burner unit;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of another modified form of nozzle; 2

Fig 3 is a transverse section on line 33 of Fig.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a transverse section on line 55 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is also an end view of the forward or head portion of the stern, in association with the valve stem, of the construction shown in Fig. 2; v

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of another modified form of nozzle.

In operation, the nozzle is associated with a suitable oil 7 oil pressure conveniently may be. of a value of 100 to 200 pounds per square inch, or higher, or lower.

In Fig. lthere is indicated generally an oil burner unit wherein a nozzle 2 according to this invention is disposed in the housing 4 of a blower 6, and extends into the combustion chamber 8 of a furnace 10. Fuel oil from a storage tank (not shown) is supplied through a pipe 12 to a fuel pump 14, from which the oil under constant pressure is delivered through pipe 16 to the nozzle 2. A re- 7 turn conduit 18, containing a check valve 20, returns unused oil from the nozzle 2 to the intake line 12, whereby the oil supply to the nozzle is at constant pressure regardless of the percentage of fuel capacity at which the burner is being operated. The burner operates at full capacity when the check valve 20 is closed, and at progressively decreasing capacities as the valve 20 is opened.

In the drawings, is shown a form of nozzle construction embodying means for accurate and eflicient adjust- 2,921,742 Patented Jan. 19, 1960 2 ment of atomization within a desired limited range of operation, together'with other advantageous features of construction.

Nozzle 202 embodies a nozzle tip 204 of known type, to which is secured internally threaded adjustment sleeve 206. Adjustment body 208 is threaded into adjustment sleeve 206, and lock nut 210 is threaded on the exterior of adjustment body 208. Oil seal gasket 209, of neoprene or the like, is disposed between adjustment body 206 and lock nut 210. At its rearward portion, adjustment body 208 has the internallyjthreaded adapter portion 212 which receives fuel supply pipe 22b. Adjustment body 208 also has the return pipe nest portion 214 arranged to receive oil return tube .26bj with sliding fit. Threaded into the rearward portion of nozzle tip 204 is retainer sleeve 216, around which is disposed wire mesh oil strainer 218, which is positioned longitudinally between a shoulder of retainer sleeve 216 and the rearward end of nozzle tip 204. Valve stem 220 and stem 222 are movable longitudinally relative to each other, valve stem 220 being shown as slidable longitudinally within hollow stem 222. Compression. spring 224 is disposed in the annular space 219 between valve stem 220 and stem 222, and retainer sleeve 216 and nozzle tip 204. The ends of spring 224 bear against shoulders of valve stem 22% and stem 222 so that the rearward endof valve stem 2520 will bear against the cone-shaped forward end of adjustment body 208, and the forward end of the stem 222 will bear against the cone-shaped inner surface of the nozzle tip 204, to maintain axial alignment of valve stem 220 and stem 222 within nozzle tip 204 at any position of nozzle adjustment.

Adjustment body 208 is provided with longitudinal, symmetrically arrmged fuel supply passages 226. Adjustment stem 228 extends forwardly of body 208 and at its forward endis cone-shaped to provide a bearing surface for close cooperation and oil-tight fit with the rearward end of valve stem 220. The forward portion of adjustment body 208 including adjustment stem 228 is centrally apertured at 232 to provide an oil return passage communicating with the interior of oil return tube 26b.

Retainer sleeve 216 is provided with a plurality of symmetrically disposed radial inlets or feed holes 234 to permit incoming fuel oil passing (through strainer 218 to enter the annular space 219 containing spring 224 in the movement of the incoming fuel oil forwardly of the nozzle. r

Oil strainer 218 is preferably spaced radially from the outer surface of retainer sleeve 216-for more effective treatment of the fuel oil passing therethrough, and for smoother movement of the oil.

Valve stem 220 is provided at its rearward portion with seating flange 236 whose rearward surface is shaped. to seat on and cooperate with the adjacent forward end .or bearing surface of adjustment body 208 to provide an oil-tight seal to prevent interference between oil moving rearwardly through

longitudinal passages

238 and 232 toward return tube 26b, and incoming oil moving forward- 1y through the annular space 219. The forward surface 237 of flange 236 provides the rearward seating shoulder for spring 224. At its forward portion, valve stem 220 is solid at the center, and has a reduced forwardly extending valve tip 240, the forward end of which is in axial alignment with orifice 242 of nozzle tip 204. From reduced valve tip 240, symmetrically and peripherally disposed longitudinal slots 243 extend rearwardly to and communicate with radial drain holes 244, which in turn communicate with longitudinally extending return passage 238.

Stem 222 has the enlarged head 246 at its forward portion. The rearward surface 248 of head 246 proward surface 256 of nozzle tip 204.

vides the forward seating shoulder for spring 224. The

rearwardly of aperture 252.. Grooves 254'inl'the conical portion 249extend from the peripheryof head 246 to surface 250. Grooves-254 are non-radial, and tangential in character. Conical portion 249 bears against and is seatedon the corresponding inner conical for 7 Valve tip 2%0 normally extends into. aperture 252 to define annular space 258. Surface 250, valve tip 240, and the adjacent inner forward surface 256 of the nozzle tip define whirl. chamber 260.1 Tangential grooves254 communicate with annular oil supply passage 219 and whirl chamber 260, which'in turn communicates with orifice partly open, part of the oil sprays out of orifice 242 in the form of a cone, and part of, the oil returns to return tube 26b by way of

annular passages

258 and 253, longitudinal slots 243, radial drain holes 244, and

axial return passages

238 and 232, and thence to tube'26b.

To produce a desired fixed adjustment of the nozzle, lock nut 210 is released, and adjustment sleeve 206 is rotated until orifice 242 is closed by reason of contact or seating of valve tip 240 on conical surface 256 of nozzle tip 204. Then adjustment sleeve 206 is rotated in the opposite direction until the desired axial spacing of valve tip 240 from surface 256 is accomplished, whereupon the lock nut 210 is tightened. The nozzle is now in fixed adjustment.

For accuracy and speed in obtaining predetermined adjustment, calibration marks 264 and 266 may be placed on the adjacent surfaces of lock nut 210 and adjustment sleeve 206, respectively. Calibration marks 266 may be peripherally spaced to represent predetermined spacing between valve tip 240 and conical surface 256 of nozzle tip 204. 7

To adjust the nozzle to predetermined position with the aid of calibration marks 264. and 266, lock'nut 210 is released, and adjustment sleeve 206 is rotated until valve tip 240 is in contact with surface 256. The lock nut is turned slightly until mark 264 is opposite one of the marks 266. Then adjustment sleeve 286 is rotated in the opposite direction until the predetermined valve tip opening indicated by the calibration marks 266 has been accomplished, whereupon lock nut 210 is tightened.

The nozzle construction makes possible highly accurate adjustment of atomization for specific conditions of operation. Furthermore, by the construction shown, precise axial alignment of the valvestem and the head 246 of stem 222 within nozzle tip 204 are maintained at all positions of nozzle adjustment. v

A compact nozzle construction is shown wherein the means for adjustment is completely enclosed whereby likelihood of tampering is minimized.

Nozzle tip 204 is identical with that shown in Fig. 6, and the parts thereof are correspondingly numbered. Likewise stem 222, has head 246. Spring 224 and screen 218 are identical'in function with valve stem 2 20, and in construction varies from valve stem 220 only in a slightly different but essentially equivalent rearward portion. Thus, in; valve stem 220a, va lve tip 240a, longitudinal slots 243a, radial drain holes 244a,

tight seal.

and longitudinal return passage 238a are identical with

corresponding parts

240, 243, 244 and 238, respectively. At the rearward portion of valve stem 220a is flange 270, the forward surface 237a of which provides the rearward seating shoulder for. spring 224. The outer edge of the rearward end 272 of valve stem 220a is utilized for seating the valve stem as will be described hereinafter.

Adjustment sleeve 274 is threaded into the rearward portion of nozzle tip 204. Lock nut 276 is threaded on the exterior of adjustment sleeve 274 and bears against the rearward surface of nozzle tip 2 04. The sleeve 274 is provided witha plurality of symmetrically disposed radial inlets or oil feed holes 277. Strainer 218 is disposed around sleeve 274, and its rearward position is limited by flange 278 on said sleeve. The inner diameter of the adjustment sleeve 274 is reduced at portion 290 and has cone-shaped seating surface 282 for'therearward end 272 of valve stem 220ato provide'an' oil- At its rearward end, sleeve 274 has the return pipe nest portion 264 arranged to receive 'oil return tube 26c withsliding fit.

Adapter 286 at its forward end is threaded onto the rearward portion of nozzle tip 204. Fuel supply pipe 22c is threaded into the rearward end of adapter 286;:

In operation, incoming oil enters through oil supply pipe 22c, passes forwardly through annular space 238, through screen 218 and radial inlet holes 277, into annular space 21911, through'tangential grooves 254' into whirl chamber 260. The oil whirls tangentially in chamber 260, and when valve tip 240 is in the position shown and valve 220a is partly open, part of the oil sprays out of orifice 242 in the form of a cone, and part of the oil returns to tube 260 by way of

annular passages

258 and 253, longitudinal slots 243a, radial drain holes 244a, and

axial return passages

238a and 290, and thence to tube 260.

To produce a desired fixed adjustment of the nozzle shown adapter 286 is removed, and lock nut 276 isreleased. Adjustment sleeve 274 is rotated into nozzle tip 204 until orifice 242' is closed by reason of seating of valve tip 240 on conical surface 256. Then adjustment sleeve 274 is rotated in the opposite direction until the desired axial spacing of valve tip 240a from surface 256 is accomplished, whereupon the lock nut 276 is tightened. It will be noted that when adapter 286 is replaced, the lock nut is concealed, and likelihood of tampering with the adjustment is minimized. For ease and speed of adjustment, calibration marks may be'applied to the lock nut and'other parts. 7

The nozzle construction is compact in character. It will be noted, furthermore, that without the adapter 286, the adjustment sleeve 274 together with the nozzle tip 204 and associated parts form a construction unit which may be stored by itself, and which requires only the addition of the simple adapter 286 for operative connection to a fuel s'upplypipe and return tube. It will further be noted that this modification is admirably suited for permanent adjustment at the factory.

By way of illustration, in a preferred form of nozzle shown and designed for a household installation, the orifice 242 may have a diameter of about 0.0135 inch, and the diameter of the valve tip 240 may be about 0.033 'to 0.040 inch. The ratio of the diameters of orifice 242 and valve tip 240 is of importance for obtaining optimum operation, and is preferable about 1 to 3. The inside diameter of the portion of head 246 forming the outer boundary of annular space 258 should be such that the cross-sectional area of annular space 258 is equal to the total cross-sectional area of tangential grooves 254. The larger diameter of annular space 253 is preferably about twice the larger diameter of annular space 258. The total cross sectional area of the longitudinal slots 243 is desirably greater than the cross sectional area of annular space 25s. Thelongitudinalor'axial'dimensioriofannular space 258 is preferably substantially equal to the transverse width thereof. 7

The valve stem (22%, 22th:) acts to prevent air from entering into the nozzle, and from being drawn back with the oil and contaminating it with air. Said valve stem serves also to adjust the atomization of the oil spray from coarse to extremely fine, while maintaining the oil in very fine subdivision at all capacities.

By means of the larger annular space 253 rearwardly of the smaller annular space 258, the centrifugal force of the oil moving rearwardly from annular space 258 to space 253 assists in clearing the oil away from the whirl chamber 269 and in maintaining a constant rate of whirling in said whirl chamber 266-.

By the construction shown, the returning oil moves rearwardly from whirl chamber 269 without inducing turbulence in said whirl chamber, whereby the oil being consumed burns in a cone of greatly improved character. It is further to be noted that the cone of atomized oil is uniform throughout a wide variation of oil flowing outwardly of the orifice.

It will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made in the nozzle herein disclosed, while still coming within the scope of the invention.

Having disclosed my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. in a fuel nozzle, in combination, a nozzle tip interiorly cone-shaped, said tip being provided with an orifice centrally of said cone-shaped surface, a hollow stem axially aligned with said orifice and having a head of frusto-conical shape arranged to seat on said coneshaped tip surface to define a generally cone-shaped whirl chamber, the inclined surface of said head being provided with tangential grooves, a valve stem longitudinally slidable within said stem, the forward end of said stem extending into said whirl chamber in axial alignment with said orifice, a sleeve connected to said nozzle tip and having an aligning bearing surface in axial alignment with said orifice, the rearward end of said stem bearing on said aligning bearing surface of said sleeve, spring means pressing said head and said valve stem against their respective bearing surfaces, said sleeve and nozzle tip being adjustable longitudinally of each other whereby to vary the axial extension of said valve stem into said whirl chamber, and means for locking said sleeve and nozzle tip in any position of longitudinal adjustment.

2. In a fuel nozzle, in combination, a nozzle tip interiorly cone-shaped, said tip being provided with an orifice centrally of said cone-shaped surface, a hollow stem axially aligned with said orifice and having a head of frusto-conical shape arranged to seat on said cone-shaped tip surface to define a generally cone-shaped whirl chamher, the inclined surface of said head being provided with tangential grooves, a'valve stem longitudinally slidable within said stem, the forward end of said stem extending into said whirl chamber in axial alignment with said orifice and annularly spaced from the adjacent portions of the head, a sleeve connected to said nozzle tip and having an aligning bearing surface in axial alignment with said orifice, the rearward end of said stem bearing on said aligning bearing surface or" said sleeve, spring means pressing said head and said valve stem against their respective bearing surfaces, passageways for conducting oil from the rearward portion of said sleeve to the peripheral portions of said tangential grooves, and separate passageways for returning oil rearwardly of said valve stem from the annular space adiacent to the forward end of said stern, said sleeve and nozzle tip being adjustable longitudinally of each other whereby to vary the axial extension of said valve stem into said whirl chamber, and means for locksaid sleeve and nozzle tip in any position of longitudinal adjustment.

3. In a fuel nozzle, in combination, a nozzle tip interiorly cone-shaped said tip being provided with an orifice centrally of said cone-shaped surface, a hollow stem axially aligned with said orifice and having a head of frusto-conical shape arranged to seat on said cone-shaped tip surface to define a generally cone-shaped whirl chambar, the inclined surface of said head being provided with tangential grooves, 21 valve stem longitudinally slideable within said hollow stem, the forward end of said valve stem extending into said whirl chamber in axial alignment with said orifice and annularly spaced from the adjacent portions of the head to define an oil return passage of completely annular character whose outer surface is continuous and whose outer diameter is small with respect to the outer diameter of the base of the whirl chamber, the outer surface of said oil return passage widening directly to a substantially greater diameter whereby marketedly to increase the cross-sectional area of said annular oil return passage.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS