US2921598A - Apparatus for determining the germination capacity of seeds - Google Patents

Apparatus for determining the germination capacity of seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
US2921598A
US2921598A US67868857A US2921598A US 2921598 A US2921598 A US 2921598A US 67868857 A US67868857 A US 67868857A US 2921598 A US2921598 A US 2921598A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
conduit
grains
reaction
reaction vessel
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Aegidius Poul Erik
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/10—Starch-containing substances, e.g. dough
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S47/00—Plant husbandry
    • Y10S47/09—Physical and chemical treatment of seeds for planting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3109—Liquid filling by evacuating container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87265—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/8741—With common operator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for a rapid determination of the germination capacity of seed, especially grains of the cereals, comprising a reaction vessel in which selected grains after having been split longitudinally through the embryo are exposed to a reaction with an aqueous solution of a compound which causes a dyeing of the embryo if capable of germinating.
  • the determination of the value of seed in subjecting selected grains to the influence of a coloring agent without exposing the embryo of the grains takes a few minutes only, say from 3-5 minutes, and discloses broadly whether or not the tested grains are sound or unsound.
  • the result of this test states however not with certainty the condition of the embryo of the grains. Even if the grains are not miscolored by the said reaction, one may not feel sure that the embryo itself is sound.
  • the hitherto proposed apparatus for determining the germination capacity of seed in reacting selected split grains with an agent changing the color of the embryo if sound
  • the period of time of each reaction is relatively long, not less than one hour even if the reaction is carried through at an elevated temperature, say about 45 C.
  • the hitherto known apparatus of the said kind are highly impractical in use to a purchaser of large loads of seed, since a control of a selected number of grains in order to decide upon the question whether or not the germination capacity of the grains of such load has the desired value may not be carried out in the course of a relatively short period of time, say 510 minutes.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus according to which it is possible to investigate the germination capacity of split grains in discoloring the embryo of same in the course of a few minutes.
  • such an apparatus comprises a reaction vessel in which the reaction is to be undertaken, a storage Vessel in which the agent to be used is stored, a conduit interconnecting the top end of the reaction vessel to the bottom end of the storage vessel, a valve being inserted in said conduit together with a heating coil adapted to heat the liquid agent to a proper temperature when transferred by suction action from the storage vessel to the reaction vessel.
  • the agent used in such apparatus is ordinarily a weak aqueous solution of 2,3,5- triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride or a selenium compound or a dinitrobenzoyl chloride.
  • an apparatus of the kind referred to is provided with a further conduit interconnecting the bottom end of the reaction vessel to the conduit between the top end of the said vessel and the storage vessel in a point of the last mentioned conduit which is located between the heating coil inserted in same and the top end of the reaction vessel.
  • Said further conduit aims the purpose of enabling the liquid agent used for the investigation of the germination capacity to be automatically re-transferred from the reaction vessel to the storage vessel when a reaction has taken place and the tested grains are to be subsequently removed from the reaction vessel.
  • this re-transfer of the said liquid or solvent takes place under the influence of the vacuum which would appear in the storage vessel above the liquid disclosed in same, each time a portion of said liquid is transferred from said storage vessel over into the reaction vessel in order to react on a number of split grains located in same.
  • the said transfer of liquid from the storage vessel to the reaction vessel is caused by evacuation of the reaction vessel by means of an evacuation device.
  • the drawing is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for the determination of the germination capacity of seeds.
  • a is an airtight closed vessel for the storage of weak, aqueous solution of a salt, e.g. a 0.2% solution of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride.
  • b is a vessel in which the germination capacity of seeds, e.g. grains are to be investigated by reaction between the seeds or grains not shown, with a solution of the kind referred to above, which solution is transferred from the storage vessel a to the reaction vessel b by suction action through a conduit c having a portion nbeing hereinafter referred to as the valve portion n by means of two squeezing members s, as more especially referred to below.
  • the said suction is caused by a suction pump e, the suction side of which being by way of a conduit 1, connected to the interior of the top end of the vessel b.
  • This conduit l is furthermore connected to a valve g through which the said conduit 1 and thus the interior of the vessel b may be caused to communicate with the suction pump e or alternately with the atmosphere through a valve g.
  • the vessel b is to be hermetically sealed by an airtight cover 11.
  • the bottom end of the vessel b is by way of a conduit it connected to the conduit in a point of same, located between the storage vessel or and the valve portion n.
  • the bottom end of the reaction vessel 1) may by way of the conduit k having a squeezable portion p and the heating coil d be caused to communicate with the bottom end of the vessel (1, viz. when the squeezable portion pbeing hereinafter referred to as the valveportion p-is not squeezed.
  • the two squeezable valve portions 11 and p are controlled by a squeezing device s, s arranged to be shifted manually by means of an eccentric x to the position indicated on the drawing in which the squeezing members s of said device squeeze the valve portion p of the conduit k and are maintained in squeezing position relatively to said valve portion p by a pawl 0.
  • valve portions n and p may if desired instead of being squeezable portions of the conduits c and k respectively be ordinary valves, eg. check valves.
  • both half parts of all of said longitudinally split grains are placed in a cuvette or other suitable carrier, not shown, which carrier is inserted in the reaction vessel a through the opened 'top end of same, whereafter said vessel is hermetically closed by means of the cover It.
  • the squeezing device s, s is adjusted to the position indicated on the drawing in which the valve portion p of the conduit k is squeezed whereas the valve portion :1 of the conduit 0 is non-squeezed.
  • the pawl 0 blocks the squeezing device in said position.
  • the suction pump e is started to cause an evacuation of the vessel h and consequently to cause an amount of solution to flow from the vessel a through the heat-coil d and the conduit 6 onto the reaction vessel b.
  • the said portion of the liquid is if desired heated to about 45 C. during the passage through the heating coil.
  • the position of the pawl is in the embodiment of the apparatus shown on the drawing control-led by a clockwork 11 which is controlled through a conduit r by the vacuum created by the pump e in the conduit 1 and the vessel b so as to be automatically started when the said vacuum has adopted a value at which the liquid agent in the vessel b starts boiling. Then the function of the pump is stopped manually or automatically and a few minutessay five minutes-thereafter the cloci -work causes automatically a release of the pawl h from the squeezing members S, which means when the colour-reaction of the embryo of the grains is completed. Thereafter the valve g in the conduit 1' is opened manually to allow air to flow into thevessel I) through the conduit 1 to eliminate the vacuum previously created in said vessel.
  • i is a filter which is. inserted in the bottom end of the vessel b and servesthe purpose of retaining impurities which might have been introduced into the portion of the solution which together with the grains are reacted in the vessel b.
  • conduit 16 between the bottom ends of the two vessels a and b may be taken directly from the bottom end of the vessel 15 to the bottom end of the vessel a which means without passing the heating worm d, which latter is fitted with a heating member m, e.g. an electric lamp, the operation of which may be controlled by a thermostat not shown.
  • a heating member m e.g. an electric lamp
  • the clock-work u may be dispensed with and the squeezing device s, s; may then be operated manually by means of the eccentric x.
  • Apparatus for determining the germination capacity of seeds in reacting selected, longitudinally split grain with an agent causing a contrast of color between sound and unsound embryos comprising a reaction vessel, a removable cover for closing the open top end of said vessel hermetically, an evacuating device, a conduit connecting said device to the interior of said vessel at the top end of same, a valve for connecting the interior of said vessel to the atmosphere, a second vessel for storing the said agent, a conduit interconnecting the bottom end of said storage vessel and the top end of said reaction vessel, a heating coil connected up in the conduit between the storage vessel and the reaction bessel, a valve inserted in the last mentioned conduit between said heating coil and the top end of the reaction vessel, and a conduit connecting the bottom end of the reaction vessel to the conduit between said bottom end of the storage vessel and the top end of the reaction vessel at a point of said conduit located between said valve and said heating coil.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
US67868857 1956-08-23 1957-08-16 Apparatus for determining the germination capacity of seeds Expired - Lifetime US2921598A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2921598X 1956-08-23

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US (1) US2921598A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL220059A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2549964A1 (fr) * 1983-07-29 1985-02-01 Claeys Luck Methode et appareil pour mesure de l'activite tampon acido-basique des semences en vue de l'exploration metabolique

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1330112A (en) * 1918-04-19 1920-02-10 Alfonso C Gallardo Method or process for determining the germinating value of seed
US1756488A (en) * 1930-04-29 of chicago
CH227306A (de) * 1940-08-05 1943-06-15 Retterspitz Gabriele Verfahren zur Ertragssteigerung von Pflanzen durch Behandlung des Samens.
US2525245A (en) * 1947-10-21 1950-10-10 John C Stroeve Apricot splitter using rotating holder and yieldable knife
US2525789A (en) * 1949-05-17 1950-10-17 Justus C Frankenfeld Staining method of detecting hidden weevil infestation in grains
US2537717A (en) * 1947-07-19 1951-01-09 Meuliere La Ferte Sous Jouarre Apparatus for cutting beet seed glomerules to prepare monogerminal seeds
US2592585A (en) * 1951-03-14 1952-04-15 Us Agriculture Corn milling test
US2601490A (en) * 1948-06-01 1952-06-24 David R Bailey Apparatus for splitting almonds
US2722778A (en) * 1951-01-04 1955-11-08 Marmar Corp Seed tester
GB743350A (en) * 1952-05-20 1956-01-11 Miag Muehlenbau & Ind Gmbh Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the treatment of plant seeds

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1756488A (en) * 1930-04-29 of chicago
US1330112A (en) * 1918-04-19 1920-02-10 Alfonso C Gallardo Method or process for determining the germinating value of seed
CH227306A (de) * 1940-08-05 1943-06-15 Retterspitz Gabriele Verfahren zur Ertragssteigerung von Pflanzen durch Behandlung des Samens.
US2537717A (en) * 1947-07-19 1951-01-09 Meuliere La Ferte Sous Jouarre Apparatus for cutting beet seed glomerules to prepare monogerminal seeds
US2525245A (en) * 1947-10-21 1950-10-10 John C Stroeve Apricot splitter using rotating holder and yieldable knife
US2601490A (en) * 1948-06-01 1952-06-24 David R Bailey Apparatus for splitting almonds
US2525789A (en) * 1949-05-17 1950-10-17 Justus C Frankenfeld Staining method of detecting hidden weevil infestation in grains
US2722778A (en) * 1951-01-04 1955-11-08 Marmar Corp Seed tester
US2592585A (en) * 1951-03-14 1952-04-15 Us Agriculture Corn milling test
GB743350A (en) * 1952-05-20 1956-01-11 Miag Muehlenbau & Ind Gmbh Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the treatment of plant seeds

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2549964A1 (fr) * 1983-07-29 1985-02-01 Claeys Luck Methode et appareil pour mesure de l'activite tampon acido-basique des semences en vue de l'exploration metabolique

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Publication number Publication date
NL111658C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
NL220059A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01

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