US2919980A - Apparatus for gasification of finely divided solid or liquid fuels - Google Patents

Apparatus for gasification of finely divided solid or liquid fuels Download PDF

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US2919980A
US2919980A US691773A US69177357A US2919980A US 2919980 A US2919980 A US 2919980A US 691773 A US691773 A US 691773A US 69177357 A US69177357 A US 69177357A US 2919980 A US2919980 A US 2919980A
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gasification
nitrogen
pressure
finely divided
blower
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US691773A
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Klapp Arnold
Zellerhoff Bruno
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Beazer East Inc
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Koppers Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C10J2300/0933—Coal fines for producing water gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/023—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with various arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00—Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/04—Powdered fuel injection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for gasification of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuels in suspension in oxygen and endothermically reacting gasification medium, such as disclosed in the copending application of Friedrich Totzek, Serial No. 476,453, filed December 20, 1954, of which this application is an improvement continuing common subject matter owned by the common assignee. Because of the danger of explosions which exist in such an installation, in the case of operating disturbances, special means are provided in such gasification plants to flood the gasification apparatus and the con necting lines, in the case of any operating disturbance, with an inert gas, for example nitrogen.
  • an inert gas for example nitrogen.
  • a nitrogen tank gasometer in which a rather large supply of nitrogen is maintained at moderate pressure, and also a continuously operating blower which maintains a certain nitrogen pressure in a nitrogen distributing line.
  • the distributing line is opened on the critical spaces of the gasification apparatus so that the latter are well purged with nitrogen in the shortest time.
  • the present invention relates to a development of this apparatus to provide flow of inert gas to the gasiflcation apparatus in case the continuously operating blower is placed out of operation by a failure of electric power.
  • the nitrogen would flow from the gasometer to the plant at such a slight pressure, through a bypass line, that an effective rapid flooding of the plant would not be possible because of the back pressure.
  • the present invention consists in arranging parallel to the continuously operating blower, which conveys the nitrogen with increase of pressure from the low-pressure tank into the flooding lines connected with the gasifica-tion apparatus, an injector-like or aspirating conveying device which is connected on the suction side to the low-pressure tank and on the pressure side after the blower and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of nitrogen from a special high-pressure tank, switch means being provided which supplies the injector with high-pressure nitrogen, only when the blower does not convey any nitrogen because of power failure.
  • conduits 20 for introducing endothermically reacting gasification media, such as steam and carbon dioxide, and conduits 21, 22, for introducing a finely divided fuel in suspension in pure oxygen or in air enriched in oxygen as more fully described in the aforesaid Totzek application and the patents and applications successively continued therein.
  • the reacted gas leaves the gasification chamber through a gas outlet 23, and ash is removed through hopper 24.
  • the nitrogen which is required for the flooding is taken from gasometer 1.
  • the latter is usually under a pressure of about mm. water column or also somewhat higher.
  • the nitrogen flows through line 2 into blower 3 which produces a nitrogen pressure of about 5000 mm. water column on the pressure side;
  • the nitrogen then goes through check valve 5 and line 6 into distributing line 7 through which the nitrogen flows to the actual gasification apparatus at 7, 7".
  • the suction side of the injector is adjacent to gasometer 1, while the pressure side of the injector discharges into the nitrogen pressure line after the check valve 5. Nitrogen is maintained under a high pressure, in a high pressure tank 10, about 25 atm. or more.
  • the magnetic valve 13 is deenergized and is thereby opened so that nitrogen can flow from high pressure tank 10 through line 11 and reducing valve 12 into the injector 9. Because of its high flow velocity this high-pressure nitrogen entrains the nitrogen from gasometer 1 so that a sufliciently great, total amount of nitrogen with the required pressure is available for the desired flooding.
  • a valve 14 which is regulated by a regulating device 16 and a pressure measuring line 17 so that the desired pressure prevails in lines 6 and 7.
  • the magnetic valve 13 is connected with flap valve 14 by mechanism 15 so that flap valve 14 is opened before the magnetic valve 13 permits the high pressure nitrogen to flow into the injector 9.
  • the present invention is not limited to the use of nitrogen as inert gas; other inert gases or vapors such as steam or carbon dioxide can also be used.
  • Apparatus for gasification comprising; a gasification chamber having means for introduction of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuel in suspension in a free oxygen containing gas of the group consisting of pure oxygen and oxygen enriched air and a separate flow of endothermically reacting gasification media selected from the group consisting of steam and carbon dioxide, and provided with means in the form of a continuously operating blower which conveys inert gas at an increased pressure from a low pressure tank into a flooding line connected to the gasification chamber, to flood the gasification apparatus and its connecting lines with an inert gas in case of any operating disturbance, characterized by; the arrangement, parallel to the continuously operating blower which conveys the nitrogen with increase of pressure from the low-pressure tank into the flooding line connected with the gasification apparatus, of an injector aspirator conveying means which is connected on its suction side to a low-pressure tank and is connected on its pressure side to the flooding line after the blower, and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of inert gas from a special high-pressure tank by switch means
  • the switch means comprises a magnetic valve which is arranged between the high-pressure tank and the injector aspirator and which is operable to automatically open in the case of power failure to the blower.
  • Apparatus for gasification of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuel in suspension in oxygen and endothennically reacting gasification media in which means as set forth before the hereinafter recited arrangement are provided gen with increase of pressure from a low-pressure tank into the flooding line connecting with the gasification apparatus, there is arranged an injector conveying means 4 only when the blower does not convey any more nitrogen because of power failure.
  • switch means comprising a valve which is automatically opened which is connected on the suction side to the low-pressure tank and on the pressure side after the blower and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of nitrogen from a special high-pressure tank, with switch means to supply the injector with high-pressure nitrogen,

Description

Jan. 5, 1960 A. KLAPP ET AL 2,919,980 APPARATUS FOR GASIFICATION OF FINELY DIVIDED SOLID 0R LIQUID FUELS Filed Oct. 22, 1957 United States Patent APPARATUS FOR GASIFICATION QF FINELY 'DIVIDED SOLID OR LIQUID FUELS Arnold Klapp, Essen, and Bruno lellerholf, Essen-Werden, Germany, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation 'of Delaware Application October 22, 1957, Serial No. 691,773 4 Claims. (Cl. 48-63) The present invention relates to an apparatus for gasification of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuels in suspension in oxygen and endothermically reacting gasification medium, such as disclosed in the copending application of Friedrich Totzek, Serial No. 476,453, filed December 20, 1954, of which this application is an improvement continuing common subject matter owned by the common assignee. Because of the danger of explosions which exist in such an installation, in the case of operating disturbances, special means are provided in such gasification plants to flood the gasification apparatus and the con necting lines, in the case of any operating disturbance, with an inert gas, for example nitrogen. For this purpose there are provided a nitrogen tank gasometer, in which a rather large supply of nitrogen is maintained at moderate pressure, and also a continuously operating blower which maintains a certain nitrogen pressure in a nitrogen distributing line. In the case of an operating disturbance, the distributing line is opened on the critical spaces of the gasification apparatus so that the latter are well purged with nitrogen in the shortest time.
The present invention relates to a development of this apparatus to provide flow of inert gas to the gasiflcation apparatus in case the continuously operating blower is placed out of operation by a failure of electric power. In such a case, without the present improvement, the nitrogen Would flow from the gasometer to the plant at such a slight pressure, through a bypass line, that an effective rapid flooding of the plant would not be possible because of the back pressure.
The present invention consists in arranging parallel to the continuously operating blower, which conveys the nitrogen with increase of pressure from the low-pressure tank into the flooding lines connected with the gasifica-tion apparatus, an injector-like or aspirating conveying device which is connected on the suction side to the low-pressure tank and on the pressure side after the blower and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of nitrogen from a special high-pressure tank, switch means being provided which supplies the injector with high-pressure nitrogen, only when the blower does not convey any nitrogen because of power failure.
An embodiment of the apparatus of the invention is diagrammatically illustrated in the drawing.
18 indicates a gasification chamber having means in the form of conduits 20 for introducing endothermically reacting gasification media, such as steam and carbon dioxide, and conduits 21, 22, for introducing a finely divided fuel in suspension in pure oxygen or in air enriched in oxygen as more fully described in the aforesaid Totzek application and the patents and applications successively continued therein. The reacted gas leaves the gasification chamber through a gas outlet 23, and ash is removed through hopper 24. In the event of the failure of supply of finely divided fuel to the oxygen as the suspension carrier medium, the continuance of flow of oxygen lends itself to the creation of dangerous explosive conditions in the equipment beyond the gasifier chamber outlets and ice inlets, requiring flooding of thesystem with inert gas to *dilute the oxygen and thus avoid creation of such dangerous conditions. I
The nitrogen which is required for the flooding is taken from gasometer 1. The latter is usually under a pressure of about mm. water column or also somewhat higher. The nitrogen flows through line 2 into blower 3 which produces a nitrogen pressure of about 5000 mm. water column on the pressure side; The nitrogen then goes through check valve 5 and line 6 into distributing line 7 through which the nitrogen flows to the actual gasification apparatus at 7, 7". There is provided parallel to line 4 a secondary line Sin which the injector 9 is located. The suction side of the injector is adjacent to gasometer 1, while the pressure side of the injector discharges into the nitrogen pressure line after the check valve 5. Nitrogen is maintained under a high pressure, in a high pressure tank 10, about 25 atm. or more. In case the power for blower 3 fails, the magnetic valve 13 is deenergized and is thereby opened so that nitrogen can flow from high pressure tank 10 through line 11 and reducing valve 12 into the injector 9. Because of its high flow velocity this high-pressure nitrogen entrains the nitrogen from gasometer 1 so that a sufliciently great, total amount of nitrogen with the required pressure is available for the desired flooding. After the injector there is provided a valve 14 which is regulated by a regulating device 16 and a pressure measuring line 17 so that the desired pressure prevails in lines 6 and 7. The magnetic valve 13 is connected with flap valve 14 by mechanism 15 so that flap valve 14 is opened before the magnetic valve 13 permits the high pressure nitrogen to flow into the injector 9.
The present invention is not limited to the use of nitrogen as inert gas; other inert gases or vapors such as steam or carbon dioxide can also be used.
We claim:
1. Apparatus for gasification comprising; a gasification chamber having means for introduction of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuel in suspension in a free oxygen containing gas of the group consisting of pure oxygen and oxygen enriched air and a separate flow of endothermically reacting gasification media selected from the group consisting of steam and carbon dioxide, and provided with means in the form of a continuously operating blower which conveys inert gas at an increased pressure from a low pressure tank into a flooding line connected to the gasification chamber, to flood the gasification apparatus and its connecting lines with an inert gas in case of any operating disturbance, characterized by; the arrangement, parallel to the continuously operating blower which conveys the nitrogen with increase of pressure from the low-pressure tank into the flooding line connected with the gasification apparatus, of an injector aspirator conveying means which is connected on its suction side to a low-pressure tank and is connected on its pressure side to the flooding line after the blower, and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of inert gas from a special high-pressure tank by switch means set to operate to supply the injector aspirator with high-pressure inert gas from the high-pressure tank, only when the blower fails to convey inert gas from the 10 -pressure tank because of power failure to run the blower.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the switch means comprises a magnetic valve which is arranged between the high-pressure tank and the injector aspirator and which is operable to automatically open in the case of power failure to the blower.
3. Apparatus for gasification of finely divided, solid or liquid, fuel in suspension in oxygen and endothennically reacting gasification media, in which means as set forth before the hereinafter recited arrangement are provided gen with increase of pressure from a low-pressure tank into the flooding line connecting with the gasification apparatus, there is arranged an injector conveying means 4 only when the blower does not convey any more nitrogen because of power failure.
4. Apparatus of claim 3, characterized by the switch means comprising a valve which is automatically opened which is connected on the suction side to the low-pressure tank and on the pressure side after the blower and which is driven by a comparatively highly compressed stream of nitrogen from a special high-pressure tank, with switch means to supply the injector with high-pressure nitrogen,
in the case of power failure and which is arranged between the high-pressure tank and the injector.
References Cited in the file of this patent FOREIGN PATENTS 9,154 Great Britain 1914
US691773A 1957-10-22 1957-10-22 Apparatus for gasification of finely divided solid or liquid fuels Expired - Lifetime US2919980A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017269A (en) * 1972-03-25 1977-04-12 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Method and arrangement for gasifying finely divided fluidized solid combustible material
DE2917536A1 (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-06 Freiberg Brennstoffinst METHOD OF OPERATING GASIFICATION PLANTS FOR PULDED FUELS
US4272256A (en) * 1979-10-15 1981-06-09 Koppers Company Inc. Method for heating oxygen containing gas in conjunction with a gasification system
FR2574159A1 (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-06 Air Liquide METHOD FOR INCINERATION OF CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE WASTE
US20070095046A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 General Electric Company Methods and systems for gasification system waste gas decomposition

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191409154A (en) * 1913-10-14 1915-07-08 Poetter Gmbh Improvements in connection with Apparatus for Supplying Air to Furnaces, especially to Gas Generators.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191409154A (en) * 1913-10-14 1915-07-08 Poetter Gmbh Improvements in connection with Apparatus for Supplying Air to Furnaces, especially to Gas Generators.

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017269A (en) * 1972-03-25 1977-04-12 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Method and arrangement for gasifying finely divided fluidized solid combustible material
DE2917536A1 (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-06 Freiberg Brennstoffinst METHOD OF OPERATING GASIFICATION PLANTS FOR PULDED FUELS
US4325709A (en) * 1978-05-31 1982-04-20 Brennstoffinstitut Freiberg Method for the operation of gasification plants for pulverized fuels
US4272256A (en) * 1979-10-15 1981-06-09 Koppers Company Inc. Method for heating oxygen containing gas in conjunction with a gasification system
FR2574159A1 (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-06 Air Liquide METHOD FOR INCINERATION OF CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE WASTE
WO1986003575A1 (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'e Method for incinerating waste at controlled temperature
EP0186561A1 (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-07-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Waste combustion process with temperature control
US20070095046A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 General Electric Company Methods and systems for gasification system waste gas decomposition
US7575612B2 (en) * 2005-10-31 2009-08-18 General Electric Company Methods and systems for gasification system waste gas decomposition

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