US2919349A - Shadow thermoprinting - Google Patents

Shadow thermoprinting Download PDF

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Publication number
US2919349A
US2919349A US575434A US57543456A US2919349A US 2919349 A US2919349 A US 2919349A US 575434 A US575434 A US 575434A US 57543456 A US57543456 A US 57543456A US 2919349 A US2919349 A US 2919349A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
original
copy
areas
radiant energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US575434A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carl A Kuhrmeyer
Donal G Kimble
Carl S Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL113884D priority Critical patent/NL113884C/xx
Priority to NL113883D priority patent/NL113883C/xx
Priority to BE560955D priority patent/BE560955A/xx
Priority to BE560956D priority patent/BE560956A/xx
Priority to NL221124D priority patent/NL221124A/xx
Priority to NL221123D priority patent/NL221123A/xx
Priority to US575434A priority patent/US2919349A/en
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to GB10378/57A priority patent/GB863641A/en
Priority to GB10377/57A priority patent/GB863366A/en
Priority to FR1170519D priority patent/FR1170519A/fr
Priority to DEM33798A priority patent/DE1086719B/de
Priority to CH357750D priority patent/CH357750A/de
Priority to DEM33797A priority patent/DE1078438B/de
Priority to CH5138057A priority patent/CH362602A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2919349A publication Critical patent/US2919349A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
    • G03B27/14—Details
    • G03B27/30—Details adapted to be combined with processing apparatus
    • G03B27/306—Heat development

Definitions

  • the method involves the application of intense radiant energy through the relatively transparent inkfree areas of a printed page or other graphic subject-matter of which a copy is desired and to a rapidly-reactive heat-sensitive copy-paper which is capable of absorbing said radiant energy.
  • the radiant energy is converted to heat energy within the heat-sensitive copy-paper in apattern determined by the graphic subject-matter, resulting in the formation of visible copy in the copying-paper.
  • the invention has particular utility in aifording means for rapidly obtaining one or more copies of printed matter, diagrams, photographs, or other graphic'subject-matter directly from the original. There is involved merely the proper positioning of the sensitive copy-paper with respect to the original, and the exposure of the original to intense radiant energy. A true copy is produced directly, with no necessity of subsequent development of a latent image or of other processing. Both negative and positive copies are easily made.
  • the invention is applicable to the copying of any type of original document carrying visible copy, including painted, inked, or dyed as well as printed or typewritten originals, where the substrate or background material is capable of transmitting a substantial portion of the radiant energy employed.
  • Messages Written on transparent films, paper and the like with inks of all colors have been copied, as have messages produced by hectographic processes and consisting of organic dyes transferred to the surface of white paper.
  • the attached drawing which is not necessarily to scale, illustrates in cross-section a strip of heat-sensitive copypaper 10 beneath a graphic original 11 which is irradiated with intense radiant energy from a lamp source 13.
  • the copy-paper is here shown to consist of a backing or carrier member 14 and a heat-sensitive layer 15.
  • the graphic original has inked portions 16 and ink-free surface areas 17, and is transmissive of radiant energy produced by lamp 13.
  • the lamp is flashed, there is directly produced in the strip 10 a negative copy of the 5 graphic subject-matter of the original 11; that is, the
  • High-intensity photoflash bulbs provide a useful source of high-intensity radiant energy, but other sources having still higher output of radiant energy are preferred.
  • One such source consists of a quartz or Pyrex glass tube about ten inches long, having an electrode at each end, filled with xenon or other inert gas under reduced pressure, and externally wound with an open wire spiral.
  • the spiral is connected to a 20,000 volt spark coil while the electrodes of the flash 2,919,349 Patented Dec. 29, 1959 closing the circuit to the spark coil, results in an intense flash having a duration of about 1000 microseconds, with peak intensity at about 100 microseconds. Intensity is high in the infra-red, and particularly high in the visible regions.
  • the flash source just described has been found effective in the copying of many different. types of graphic subject-matter on radiation-absorptive heat-sensitive copying-paper by the procedures here described.
  • the heat-sensitive copying-paper may desirably consist of a paper backing or carrier sheet coated with-a thin layer of a dispersion of ferric stearate and gallic acid in a solution of ethyl cellulose binder, and dried at moderate temperatures.
  • the coating is initially a faint tan, changing almost instantaneously to a brownish black when heated to about -120 C. 'It is greatly improved for the purposes of this invention by adding'small amounts. of pigments to the heat-sensitive coating.
  • pigments Both titanium dioxide-and carbon -black, as well as many colored pigments, are ef-, fective, but light-colored pigments provide improved contrast as well as increasing theabsorption of the radiant energy in the heat-sensitive layer.
  • the nonpigmented product is also useful, particularly since a sup porting panel or the like is ordinarily placed beneath the copy-paper 10' and serves to reflect to the heat-sensitive layer much of any radiant energy passing through the copy-paper.
  • a heat-sensitive coating contains a dispersion of gum guaiac and cerium stearate in a solution of ethyl cellulose binder, together with pigments as desired.
  • the resulting dried coating is initially light in color. It converts to a stable dark-colored modification on brief heating, but is then rendered permanently light-colored by; further heating.
  • the sheet is therefore uniformly converted to the dark-colored modification before exposure; When exposed to the radiant energy through a graphic black-on-White original, a positive copy, having blue lines on a yellowish background, is obtained.
  • Useful reproductions of graphic subject-matter may also be obtained by shadow thermoprinting processes on radiation-absorptive heat-sensitive copying-papers comprising a dark or colored substrate obscured with a thin masking layer of particles of normally transparent fusible material, e.g. waxes or waxy materials, secured to the substrate and protected from oflfsetting with a non-fusing binder.
  • a radiation-absorbent pigment or dye may be dispersed within the layer of fusible particles, but is not ordinarily required since the waxy layer is itself highly absorptive of light in the visible region.
  • Paper, film, fabric, wood, and many other materials are effective as backing or carrier elements for the heat sensitive coating, although thin flexible sheet material such as paper is ordinarily preferred.
  • the backing may absorb, reflect, or transmit the radiant energy.
  • the sheet must be capable of absorbing the energy which is then converted to heat and utilized in producing the desired visible change. Ordinarily such absorption of energy will occur directly within the heat-sensitive layer.
  • Suitable optical systems may be devised to increase the uniformity of radiation.
  • the copy area is easily increased either by employing a number of flash tubes operating simultaneously, or by flashing a single tube at suitable intervals over the area involved.
  • Flash tubes may be provided with flattened and extended surfaces for increased uniformity of irradiation.
  • a method for the direct production of a permanent facsimile copy of a graphic original having visibly dilferent areas providing differential transmissivity of radiant energy through said original comprising placing beneath which is absorptive of said radiant energy, and exposing said original to a high intensity rapid flash of said radiant energy, the intensity and time of radiation being so selected as to cause selective heating and develop an immediate visible change in areas of said copy-sheet corresponding to the more transmissive areas of said original, while avoiding any significant visible change in the remaining areas.
  • a method for the direct production of a permanent facsimile copy of a graphic original having areas absorptive of radiant energy with increase in temperature, and other visibly difierent areas transmissive of said radiant energy comprising placing beneath said original a rapidly-reactive heat-sensitive copy-sheet which is absorptive of said radiant energy, and exposing said original to a high intensity rapid flash of said radiant energyat sufficiently high intensity and for sufliciently short time to cause selective heating of, and immediate visible change in,areas of the copy paper corresponding to transmissive areas of the original while avoiding visible change in areas corresponding to absorptive areas of the original.
  • a method for the direct production of a permanent facsimile copy of a graphic original comprising a thin sheet material readily transmissive of radiant energy and having visibly distinct printed areas which are absorptive of said radiant energy, with increase in temperature, said method comprising (a) placing beneath said original, in order, a thin heat-insulating sheet'material transmissive of said radiant energy, and a rapidly-reactive heat-sensitive copy-sheet which is absorptive of said radiant energy, and (b) exposing said original to a high intensity rapid flash of said radiant energy at sufiiciently high intensity and for sufliciently short time to cause selective heating of, andvisible change in, areas of the copy-paper corresponding to transmissive areas of the original while avoiding visible change in areas corresponding to absorptive areas of the original.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
US575434A 1956-04-02 1956-04-02 Shadow thermoprinting Expired - Lifetime US2919349A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE560955D BE560955A (de) 1956-04-02
BE560956D BE560956A (de) 1956-04-02
NL221124D NL221124A (de) 1956-04-02
NL221123D NL221123A (de) 1956-04-02
NL113884D NL113884C (de) 1956-04-02
NL113883D NL113883C (de) 1956-04-02
US575434A US2919349A (en) 1956-04-02 1956-04-02 Shadow thermoprinting
GB10378/57A GB863641A (en) 1956-04-02 1957-03-29 Reflex thermoprinting
GB10377/57A GB863366A (en) 1956-04-02 1957-03-29 Shadow thermoprinting
FR1170519D FR1170519A (fr) 1956-04-02 1957-04-01 Reproduction par impression thermique
DEM33798A DE1086719B (de) 1956-04-02 1957-04-01 Thermo-Reflexkopierverfahren
CH357750D CH357750A (de) 1956-04-02 1957-04-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung dauerhafter Faksimilekopien
DEM33797A DE1078438B (de) 1956-04-02 1957-04-01 Thermokopierverfahren unter Verwendung des Vorlageschattens
CH5138057A CH362602A (de) 1956-04-02 1957-10-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer permanenten Faksimilekopie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US575434A US2919349A (en) 1956-04-02 1956-04-02 Shadow thermoprinting
CH5138057A CH362602A (de) 1956-04-02 1957-10-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer permanenten Faksimilekopie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2919349A true US2919349A (en) 1959-12-29

Family

ID=25737495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US575434A Expired - Lifetime US2919349A (en) 1956-04-02 1956-04-02 Shadow thermoprinting

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2919349A (de)
BE (2) BE560956A (de)
CH (2) CH357750A (de)
DE (2) DE1086719B (de)
FR (1) FR1170519A (de)
GB (2) GB863641A (de)
NL (4) NL221124A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3024362A (en) * 1958-08-09 1962-03-06 Kalle Ag Heat sensitive reproduction material and mbthod of using same
US3057999A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic copy paper and process
US3070428A (en) * 1959-08-18 1962-12-25 Du Pont Process for reproducing negative images
US3073953A (en) * 1959-07-29 1963-01-15 Du Pont Process for producing images
US3097297A (en) * 1958-07-15 1963-07-09 Heat sensitive coating
US3103881A (en) * 1958-10-20 1963-09-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of copying
US3120611A (en) * 1959-05-15 1964-02-04 Kalle Ag Method and apparatus for the negative reproduction of masters on a copy bearer utilizing a heat absorbing layer
US3131080A (en) * 1960-11-09 1964-04-28 Robert B Russell Thermographic transfer sheet comprising selective radiation filtering means
US3149563A (en) * 1961-05-12 1964-09-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Stencil-forming sheet material assembly
US3218168A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-11-16 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat and photosensitive copy sheet

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3343320A (en) * 1965-06-23 1967-09-26 Krajcinovic Peter Construction of channeled steel beams
JPH0373814A (ja) * 1989-08-15 1991-03-28 Jujo Paper Co Ltd 光出力、主波長識別方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US595812A (en) * 1897-12-21 Method of and apparatus for converting x-rays into light for photographic purposes
US2740895A (en) * 1950-08-21 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermoprinting apparatus
US2740896A (en) * 1947-05-10 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of using heat sensitive copying paper
US2844733A (en) * 1956-04-02 1958-07-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex thermoprinting

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2668128A (en) * 1949-10-19 1954-02-02 Great Western Sugar Co Process of producing brown sugar
US2668126A (en) * 1950-01-05 1954-02-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive copying-paper
CA535267A (en) * 1952-05-15 1957-01-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Physical-mixture heat-sensitive copying-paper
US2663656A (en) * 1952-05-15 1953-12-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive copying paper
US2663655A (en) * 1952-05-15 1953-12-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-sensitive copying paper
US2749896A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-06-12 Paul A Jarand Compression operated fuel injection pump

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US595812A (en) * 1897-12-21 Method of and apparatus for converting x-rays into light for photographic purposes
US2740896A (en) * 1947-05-10 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of using heat sensitive copying paper
US2740895A (en) * 1950-08-21 1956-04-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermoprinting apparatus
US2844733A (en) * 1956-04-02 1958-07-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex thermoprinting

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097297A (en) * 1958-07-15 1963-07-09 Heat sensitive coating
US3024362A (en) * 1958-08-09 1962-03-06 Kalle Ag Heat sensitive reproduction material and mbthod of using same
US3103881A (en) * 1958-10-20 1963-09-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of copying
US3120611A (en) * 1959-05-15 1964-02-04 Kalle Ag Method and apparatus for the negative reproduction of masters on a copy bearer utilizing a heat absorbing layer
US3073953A (en) * 1959-07-29 1963-01-15 Du Pont Process for producing images
US3070428A (en) * 1959-08-18 1962-12-25 Du Pont Process for reproducing negative images
US3057999A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Thermographic copy paper and process
US3131080A (en) * 1960-11-09 1964-04-28 Robert B Russell Thermographic transfer sheet comprising selective radiation filtering means
US3149563A (en) * 1961-05-12 1964-09-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Stencil-forming sheet material assembly
US3246600A (en) * 1961-05-12 1966-04-19 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of copying
US3218168A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-11-16 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat and photosensitive copy sheet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH357750A (de) 1961-10-31
DE1086719B (de) 1960-08-11
CH362602A (de) 1962-06-15
GB863366A (en) 1961-03-22
NL113883C (de)
FR1170519A (fr) 1959-01-15
GB863641A (en) 1961-03-22
BE560955A (de)
DE1078438B (de) 1960-03-24
BE560956A (de)
NL221124A (de)
NL113884C (de)
NL221123A (de)

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