US2919248A - Disubstituted carbamide detergent composition - Google Patents

Description

DISUBSTITUTED CARBAM'IDE DETERGENT COMPOSITION Lloyd .1. Osipow, Monsey, and William C. York, Westbury, N.Y.; Ruth M. York, administratrix of said William C. York, deceased, assignors to W. R. Grace 8: Co., a corporation of Connecticut No Drawing. Application June 5, 1957 Serial No. 663,579

10 Claims. (Cl. 252-137) atent In the above formula, R is a hydrocarbon residue of the formula C H where n is an integer of at least 7 and not more than 23 and m is an integer in the range between 2n-3 and 2n+l inclusive. Thus, R is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkadienyl radical having from 7 to 23 carbon atoms.

It is obvious that the product of the above formula is the same whether the acyl moiety is substituted on the 6 or 6 position. Generically, our new compounds are described .as the monofatty acid esters of diglucose ureide. Typical novel diglucose ureide esters embraced by the present inventiqn include the caprylate, pelargonate, caprate, un-

decanoate, laurate, tridecanoate, myristate, pentadeca- R has the meaning hereinbefore described. R is. an organic moiety. In a preferred embodiment, R is a lower alkyl radical; i.e., up to and including hexyl. The lower 2,919,248 Patented Dec. 29, 1959 "ice alkyl esters of the fatty moieties of the above formul are suitable for the alcoholysis reaction, since they result in the formation of an alcohol sufficiently volatile to permit its removal from the mixture by simple distillation as the reaction progresses. Since alcoholysis is an equilibrium reaction, it follows that some diglucose ureide monoester is formed whether or not the by-product alcohol is separated. Thus, any organic ester of a fatty acid is suitable in the present process including those such as glycerides which are less volatile than the solvent selected for the reaction medium. The impediment to rapid reaction is the removal of the alcohol. Consequently, the reaction is faster if a more volatile alcohol is used. Under the preferred conditions of temperature and pressure, the alcohol can be conveniently stripped free of the reaction mixture by using reduced pressure to aid distillation of the alcohol therefrom or by blowing an inert gas through or over the suface of the reaction mixture.

Suitable solvents for the novel alcoholysis reaction are those which willdissolve both diglucose ureide and the starting ester without preferential reaction with either of the products or the reactants. In the preferred embodiment we use dimethylsulfoxide or monomethylformamide.

The novel reaction is effectively catalyzed by an alkaline catalyst. By the term alkaline catalyst we mean a basic organic salt or a salt of a metal selected from groups I, II, or IV of the periodic table and a weak acid; Proton-accepting metals such as tin and zinc are also embraced by the term alkaline catalyst. Likewise, quaternary ammonium bases'and similar compounds are effective for this purpose. Exemplary catalysts include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, trisodium phosphate, lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and lead oxide.

Specific working examples for the preparation of the individual diglucose ureide esters are given later in the specification. The diglucose ureide monofatty esters made by this process are efiective as cleaning agents per'se. We have discovered that these novel esters form synergistic combinations with common builders to produce superior detergents.

It is well known, of course, to combine a surface active agent possessing good detergent properties with an alkali salt of a weak inorganic acid, a neutral inorganic salt, e.g. an alkali metal salt of a strong inorganic acid, and a deflocculating agent to produce a detergent'composition. However, the effectiveness of a particular composition depends upon balance between the above ingredients and furthermore, the synergistic interaction between the active agent and the building materials. We have discovered such an improved combination. The diglucose ureide mono-fatty ester detergents, when combined in proper portion with building materials, form a truly superior detergent composition which is astonishingly effective both in hard and soft water. The basic composition may be varied to provide novel detergent compositions effective for both light duty and heavy duty purposes.

Itis, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide novel detergentcompositions which represent a marked improvement in the field of nonionic built detergents.

For the purposes of our novel composition, we'have found it especially desirable to incorporate a major pol tion of inorganic water soluble phosphates. Phosphates which are suitable include, but are not limited to, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium orthophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. In preparing our heavy duty detergent compositions we prefer to use a substantial portion of sodium tripolyphosphate. For heavy duty detergency the percentage of inorganic phosphates in the composition may vary from about 10 to 80%. We find that the preferred range is about 30-60%. Within this range optimum effect is achieved between the phosphate ingredient and our novel diglucose ureide ester. Alkali metal silicates also are effective as building materials for the purposes of the present invention. Suitable compounds within this category include sodium silicate and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. The silicates in solution undergo hydrolysis to give a pH of about 11.2. In our compositions we may have from about -25% of the alkali metal silicate although the preferred quantity is from about 15%. A sodium salt of a strong inorganic acid is an important building material for our novel detergent compositions. Such a salt does not hydrolyze but it dissociates to a sufiicient extent to provide sodium ion in the detergent solution. For a light duty detergent where a less alkaline medium is desired we find that sodium sulfate in quantities from about 5085% is desirable. 530% of this material is generally incorporated in our novel heavy duty detergents. A small quantity of an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate is also desirable as a building material. While the diglucose ureide monoesters tend to act per se as dispersants or deflocculents, we have found that it is desirable to bolster their natural propensity to deflocculate by the addition of a minor portion ranging from about 0.5 to 2% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

The amount of diglucose ureide monoester in the detergent composition in generally minor in proportion to the weight of the builders. Generally, the proportion of the monoester to the builders ranges from about 1:49 to about 1:1. Under preferred conditions the novel urea detergent comprises from about -30% by weight of the total composition. The optimum amount of this active ingredient will vary according to the specific building materials, the contemplated field of application, and the manner of use.

The general procedures for preparing our novel com positions are as follows. The builders may be added to the urea detergent to form a hot aqueous slurry containing from about 40-60% solids concentration. This mixture is vigorously stirred to form a smooth and homogcneous paste. To form the slurry, the additives may be dissolved in a suitable solvent and added to a slurry of the monoesters, or alternatively, a mixture or emulsion of the builders in water with a minor portion of the urea detergent may be put simultaneously into the slurry. The builder may also be incorporated in the detergent composition by a post treatment of dried detergent particles.

Thereafter these compositions may be prepared in forms of solutions, pastes, or as dry, partially hydrated solid products, preferably in a finely divided condition. If a solution of the detergent composition is prepared it may be subjected to suitable drying operations and converted into particulate form. The mixture may be then spray dried, drum dried or roll dried at temperatures of about 200-350 F.

In order for a composition to be an excellent detergent, it must have l) ability to wet and spread on liquid and solid surface, (2) ability to form a stable foam, (3) ability to emulsify oily materials, (4) ability to pep tize aggregates of solid particles and (5) ability to deflocculate or stabilize disperse systems of solid particles. The novel diglucose ureide monoesters possess these characteristics to a measurable extent. However, as an active agent i in the detergent compositions described hereabove, these desirable properties of-the urea detergents are considerably enhanced. The effectiveness of the novel monoesters as part of a composition is further discussed in connection with the standard commercial detergent evaluation tests which appear in the examples infra. We have observed a tendency of the alkaline building material to cause saponific'ation by a cleavage of fatty esters within the detergent solutions during use. The soap thus formed is disposed of Within the soil which is being removed by the detergent. Builders by themselves are not particularly effective emulsificants. The presence of the novel diglucose ureide esters and the saponification products resulting from chemical reaction within the detergent solution causes our novel built compositions to have superior emulsification properties. This is especially important in carrying away the water insoluble inert organic materials such as hydrocarbon oils, asphalt and tar from the surface of the material to be cleaned. The ability to disperse and deflocculate soil particles possessed by our novel esters is supplemented by the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in our novel heavy duty detergents. Because of this property our novel compositions effectively sequester calcium and magnesium ions in hard water and prevent redeposition of their soaps on the surface of the material being treated.

The scope and utility of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE I A detergent composition was prepared by forming a 60% solids slurry containing on a solids basis about 40% of sodium tripolyphosphate, about 10% tetrasodium pyrophosphate, about 10% sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, about 19.5% sodium sulfate, about 20% diglucose unreide laurate and about 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. This slurry was vigorously agitated at about 140 F. to form a homogeneous mixture. It was then dried with heated air at a temperature of about 350 F. with the resultant moisture loss of about 40%. The resulting composition was recovered as a powder which possessed a high grade of detersive and foaming properties in both hard and soft water. The resulting detergent is remarkably effective for heavy duty, viz: treating e.g. soiled cotton.

EXAMPLE H The procedure of Example I was substantially repeated using various diglucose ureide monoesters to form the compositions. Built detergents containing diglucose ureide myristate, cocate, palmitate, oleate, stearate, and tallowate were thus prepared.

EXAMPLE III A detergent composition was prepared by the procedure of Example I using about 25% diglucose ureide laurate and about sodium sulfate on a solids basis. The resulting detergent is extremely efiective for light duty, viz: treating, e.g. soiled wool.

EXAMPLE IV The procedure of Example III was substantially repeated to form light duty detergents containing about 25% of the following active agents: diglucose ureide myristate, cocoate, palmitate, oleate, stearate, and tallowate.

EXAMPLE V Detergency evaluation It has previously been indicated that detergency depends upon a variety of factors; viz: wetting power, emulsification, dispersion, and deflocculation. The following experiment was conducted to ascertain the detergent action of the novel diglucose ureide esters in a built detergent system.

A sample of Foster D. Snell soiled cotton was selected for the evaluation of the heavy duty detergents. This test sample was prepared by treating de-sized Indian Head cotton fabric ina soiling mixture containing 28.4% carbon, 35.8% coconut oil, 17.9% coconut oil fatty acids and 17.9% mineral oil suspended in carbon tetrachloride. The Indian Head cotton fabric was dipped into the suspension, air dried, rinsed lightly in water to remove loosely adherent soil. It was again air-dried. A test sample of Foster D. Snell soiled'wool, selected for evaluation of the light duty detergents, was prepared as fol-. lows: Sheets of Botany Mills. virgin wool were scoured in a washing machine at 43 C. for 15 minutes using an aqueous solution of a commercial detergent. The wool wasthereafter rinsed, using threechanges of water with constant agitation, for 15 minutes at 43 C. for each change. A standard soiling mixture-was prepared by homogenizing 17 g. of a standard soil (comprising 7.3 parts coconut oil fatty-acids; 146 parts of coconut oil, 146 parts of u'eflocculated graphite and 1.1 parts of commercial detergent) in 50 ml. of water. The soil emul sion was dispersed in 3 liters of water; itwas then added to a washing machine containing 23 sheets of the scoured rinsed Wool and gallons of water at 43 C. Ten minutes after the soil was added the machine was stopped and the Water was allowed to drain off, The soiled wool was rinsed once for 5 minutes with 10 gallonsof water at 43 C. and-then hung upto dry in a dust-free room. The compositionof the built detergents prepared according to the procedure of the, foregoingexamples is shown below in Table 1.

TABLE 1.-O0MPOSITION:OF BUILT DETERGENTS Sodium tripolyphosphateun Tetrasodium pyropho'sphatmc Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. Sodium sulfate Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.-

Detergents were compared by running simultaneous Wash tests in a Launderometer. This machine rotates twenty jars end-over-end in a bath of fixed temperature. In each jar are placed standard soiledcloths, wash solution andrubber balls to provide load. The test method gives useful comparative results provided, of course, that-the detergents to be. compared are run simultaneously and portions of'the same batch of standard cloth are used. For check runs, the same series is repeateda second time and a third time. The values for each detergent can be averaged and'incidental variables will largely cancel out when the averages are compared. Such a-systemis called agroup experiment. Thetest conditions used withheavy duty detergents are shown below in Table 2.

TABLE 2.TE ST CONDITIONS Amount of solution per ar 100 m1. Mechanical washing assistants 8rubber balls diameter. 60 C.

J 40 r.p.m-. Time for washing minutes- Rinsing procedure Fabrics per jar Reflectance reading 6 polyether alcohol, a detergent sold commercially as TritonX-IOO. Detergency data were obtained in both hard water of a hardness equivalent to 15 grains of calcium carbonate per gallon and soft water of a hardness equivalent to 2 grainsper gallon. A US. grain of hardness is equivalent to- 17.1 parts per million of calcium carbonate. Results for both heavy duty and light duty detergency evaluation appears below in Tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3.DETERGENCY EVALUATION [Soiled cotton Washed at 60 0.]

Gain in Reflectance Units of Soiled Fabrics after Washing in Launderometer yp Active Agent of i Build- 2-Grain Water 15-Grain Water ing Detergent Detergent concentration concentration Diglucose ureide laurate A 14. 7 18. 2 11.9 14. 6 Diglucosc ureide myristate v A 15.0 17. 3 12. 9 15. G Diglucose ureide cocoate A 18. 4 19. 4 14. 0 17. 4 Diglucosc ureide palmitate A 15.0 17. 6' 14. 9 17. 4 Diglucose ureide oleate A 15. 6 17. 6' 15. 3 15.8 Diglucose ureide stearate A 13. 1 15.5 13. 6 15. 4 Diglucose ureide tallowate. A 14. 7 17.8 15.1 16. 7 Polyoxyethylene ester of tall oil A 2. 5 4. 4 3. 8 4. 2 t-Octylphenyl polyether alcohol A 8.0 8. 9 9. 5 9. 3

TABLE 4.DETERGENCY EVALUATION [Soiled wool washed at 43 0.]

Gain in Reflectance Units of Soiled Fabrics after Washing in Launderometer Type of Active Agent Building 2-Grain Water 15-Grain Water Detergent Detergent Concentration Concentration Diglucose ureide laurate B 6. 1 6. 6 Diglucose ureide myristate. B 9. 4 8.9 Diclucosc ureide cocoate B 9. 3 7. 4 Diglucose ureide palrnitate B 8. 4 9. 9 Diglucose ureide oleate. B 10. 6 9. 3 Diclucosc ureide stearate.-. B 8. 3 8. 6 Diglucose ureide tallowate.- B 9. 5 9. 8 Polyoxycthylene' ester of tall '1- B 3. 2 2. 9 t-Octylph cohol B 8. 5 9. 5

It is readily seen from the above tables that the diglucose ureide fatty acid esters are comparable to or superior to standard commercial detergents when built for both light and heavy duty detergency. In fact, they are markedly superior as heavy duty detergents. For light duty, the diglucose ureide oleate is exceptional among .the compounds tested. Data also indicate that our novel built detergents are effective in both hard and soft Water.

Specific examples for the preparation of the various :diglucose ureide esters referred to herein now follow.

EXAMPLE VI Diglucose Ur'eide Laurate A reaction apparatus was assembled by equipping a I3-necked flask with a stirrer and a IO-bulb fractionating column leading to a receiver. This flask was charged with 1.5 liters of dimethyl sulfoxide, 384 g. (1 mole) of :c'lig'lucose ureide and 71 g. (0.33 mole) of methyl laurate. "The solution was heated to C. under a pressure of 15 mm. Hg absolute for one hour to remove any moisture that may have been present. A 7 g. portion of potassium carbonate was added. The solution was 'then heated with stirringv at 90 C. for 12 hours under :a pressure of 15 mm. Hg absolute. After the first 6 hours of reaction, approximately 700 ml. of distillate had been collected. A 700 ml. portion of fresh dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the reaction mixture and distillation was continued for an additional 6 hours.

The solution was cooled, neutralized with acetic acid and filtered to remove a small quantity of diglucose ureide which precipitated during the cooling process. The clear filtrate, approximately 900 ml., was diluted with 1 liter of butanol and 1 liter of concentrated saline solution. The butanol layer was decolorized with activated carbon and distilled to a thick residue. This residue was dissolved in 400 ml. of hot ethanol. The solution was then cooled and diluted with 1 liter of acetone. The resulting solution was chilled to minus 10 C. to precipitate 68 g. of product. One recrystallization of this material from ethanol gave a product containing 4.6% nitrogen. The structural formula of the diglucose ureide laurate is shown hereunder:

EXAMPLE VII Diglucose Ureide Myristate The procedure of Example VI was substantially revpeated using 81 g. (0.33 mole) of methyl myristate in lieu of the methyl laurate. A 60 g. yield of diglucose ureide myristate was thereby obtained.

EXAMPLE VIII Diglucose Ureide Palmitate The procedure of Example VI was substantially repeated using 90 g. (0.33 mole) of methyl palmitate in lieu of the methyl laurate. A 81 g. yield of diglucose ureide palmitate was thereby obtained. This crude material had a specific rotation of It contained 4.21% nitrogen (theory 4.5%) and 39.76% palmitic acid equivalent (41.0%) after purification by absorption chromatography. The novel product thus purified was found to have a melting point of 205-208 C. and a specific rotation of in dimethyl sulfoxide.

EXAMPLE IX Diglucose Ureide Stearate It contained 3.85% nitrogen (theory 4.33%) and 32.55% stearic acid equivalent (theory 43.6%). After purification by absorption chromatography the novel product was found to have a melting point of 190-200 (land a specific rotation of D in dirnethyl sulfoxide.

EXAMPLE X Diglucose Ureide Clean:

The procedure of Example VI was substantially repeated using g. methyl oleate in lieu of methyl laurate. A 75 g. yield of diglucose ureide oleate was thereby obtained. This crude product had a specific rotation of After purification by absorption chromatography the novel product was found to have a melting point of l70 C. and a specific rotation of in dimethyl sulfoxide.

EXAMPLE XI Diglucose Ureide Cocoate EXAMPLE XII Diglucose Ureide Tallowale The procedure of Example VI was substantially repeated using 100 g. methyl tallowate in lieu of methyl laurate. A 62 g. yield of diglucose ureide tallowate was thereby obtained. The tallowate" is a mixture of tallow fatty acid .methyl esters containing about 6.3 myristate, 27.4 palmitate, 14.1 stearate, 49.6 oleate, and 2.5% octadecadienoate.

We claim:

1. A detergent composition consisting essentially of from about 2 to 50% of a diglucose ureide monofatty ester and from about 50 to 98% of at least one material selected from the group consisting of an alkaline water soluble alkali metal phosphate and a water soluble alkali metal sulfate. 7 I

2. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the diglucose ureide monoester is selected from the group consisting of diglucose ureide laurate, diglucose ureide myristate, diglucose ureide cocoate, diglucose ureide palmitate, diglucose ureide oleate, diglucose ureide stearate and diglucose ureide tallowate.

3. A detergent composition according to claim 1 containing 0.5 to 2% of an alkali metal carboxymethyl cellulose.

4. A heavy duty detergent composition consisting essentially of about 5-30% of a diglucose ureide monofatty ester wherein the acyl moiety attached to the glucose group contains from 8-24 carbon atoms; about 10-80% of an alkaline water soluble alkali metal phosphate, about 5-1S% of a water soluble alkali metal silicate, about 15-25% of a water soluble alkali metal sulfate, and from 0.5 to 2% of an alkali metal carboxymethyl cellulose.

5. A light duty detergent composition consisting essentially of from 5-30% of a diglucose ureide monofatty ester wherein the acyl moiety attached to the glucose group contains from 8-24 carbon atoms, and from 70-90% of a water soluble alkali metal sulfate.

6. A detergent composition consisting essentially of 50-98% by weight solids'of at least one alkaline water soluble alkali metal phosphate, a water soluble alkali metal silicate, and a water soluble alkali metal sulfate; 0.5-2% of an alkali metal carboxymethyl cellulose; and

12-50% by weight of solids of a diglucose ureide monofatty ester of the general formula:

wherein n is an integer having the value of at least 7 and not more than 23 and m is an integer having a value between 2n-3 and 2n+1 inclusive.

7. A heavy duty detergent composition consisting essentially of from about 1525% of a diglucose ureide monofatty ester of the general formula:

wherein n is an integer having the value of at least 7 and not more than 23 and m is an integer having a value between 212-3 and 2n+1 inclusive, from 35-45% sodium tripolyphosphate, from 5-15 tetrasodium pyrophos- I HzCOO-OJL. HgC OH wherein n is an integer having the value of at least 7 and not more than 23 and m is an integer having a value between 2n--3 and 2n+1 inclusive, and from -80% sodium sulfate.

10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the diglucose ureide monoester is diglucose ureide oleate.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,738,333 Goldsmith Mar. 13, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 496,832 Canada Oct. 13, 1953

Claims (1)

1. A DETERGENT COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FROM ABOUT 2 TO 50% OF A DIGLUCOSE UREIDE MONOFATTY ESTER AND FROM ABOUT 50 TO 98% OF AT LEAST ONE MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTINGOF AN ALKALINE WATER SOLUBLE ALKALI METAL PHOSPHATE AND A WATER SOLUBLE ALKALI METAL SULFATE.