US2919207A - Method of applying a ferromagnetic surface to a base utilizing iron carbonyl and oxygen - Google Patents

Method of applying a ferromagnetic surface to a base utilizing iron carbonyl and oxygen Download PDF

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US2919207A
US2919207A US561124A US56112456A US2919207A US 2919207 A US2919207 A US 2919207A US 561124 A US561124 A US 561124A US 56112456 A US56112456 A US 56112456A US 2919207 A US2919207 A US 2919207A
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Scholzel Karl
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
    • G11B5/851—Coating a support with a magnetic layer by sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/406—Oxides of iron group metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
    • C23C16/545—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating for coating elongated substrates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to magnetic recording materials, such as those commonly used for the recording of sound.
  • the invention provides an I improved magnetic recording material and a novel method of applying extremely thin substantially homogenous ferromagnetic coatings to an appropriate base material which will generally be a non-magnetizable tape, disk, cylinder or structure of other suitable form.
  • Magnetic recording materials of this type are wellknown commodities and have been made in the past by one of several techniques. Most commonly a very finely divided ferromagnetic material is combined with a binder material which coats the base surface. Another technique consists in applying a thin foil of the ferromagnetic material to the base surface. Use has also been made of electrodeposition, spray coating, coating by evaporation under vacuum, and coating by cathode sputtering. The better of these processes are rather complicated and require costly apparatus and delicate controls, and those more easily carried out do not generally yield a high quality product. By the present invention, on the other hand, a ferrogmagnetic coating may very easily and accurately be applied to produce a uniform recording material of very high quality. In general, the process consists in depositing the ferrogmagnetic coating on the surface by thermally decomposing in situ the carbonyl of the desired metal.
  • Carbonyl compounds are known for numerous metals which are either magnetizable or useful in forming mag netizable alloys such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum, these metals being among the most important constitutents of magnetizable substances. These compounds may be converted to vapor form in which they are stable up to a temperature at which they decompose to yield the metal.
  • the present invention takes advantage of this behavior, and is carried out by exposing the surface of the base material, at decomposition temperature, to the desired carbonyl compound in gaseous form. The carbonyl compound is thereupon decomposed at the surface of the base material to form a homogeneous coating of the magnetizable metal.
  • the nature of the coating can easily be controlled by varying the concentration and pressure of the vapors of carbonyl compound, and by controlling the time and temperature of exposure. Since the concentration, and pressure over the entire area subject to exposure is quite uniform, and since time and temperature conditions are readily controllable, it will be appreciated that eXeremely consistent and accurately controlled coatings may be formed Without the aid of binder materials.
  • Suitable carbonyl compounds are listed in Table I, which also gives their boiling points and decomposition temperatures at atmospheric pressure. These compounds are defined herein as metallic carbonyl compounds of the Werner type, since they are formed by covalent (Werner) bonding of CO, alone or with other groups, to the metal.
  • iron pentacarbonyl may be used alone or in admixture with other carbonyl compounds to give a ferromagnetic coating of controlled variable composition.
  • the coating may be iron or a mixture of iron and one or more other metals, e.g. cobalt, nickel and molybdenum.
  • Oxide coatings may also be formed by this invention by decomposing the carbonyl, e.g. iron pentacarbonyl, on the base surface in the presence of oxygen.
  • carbonyl e.g. iron pentacarbonyl
  • any non-magnetizable material which is stable at the temperatures encountered during deposition of the ferromagnetic material, and which may be formed with a smooth surface may be used.
  • Particularly useful are paper and flexible organic plastic filmforming materials such as polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polytetrafluoro-ethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polystyrene polyamides, rubber hydrochloride, vinyl nitrile rubber, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, and polymethylmethacrylate, to name but a few of the more common ones.
  • Non-magnetizable metals, glass and numerous other materials having the general properties described above are also entirely
  • the base material is heated to decomposition temperature and exposed to the vapors of the carbonyl compound until a coating of the desired thickness has been deposited.
  • the base material may be heated prior to the exposure and brought while still hot into contact with the vapors, but a preferable practice is to heat the base material at its surface while it is in contact with the vapors.
  • the base material may be heated by any one of numerous well-known methods, such as by being passed in contact with a heated surface, by high frequency electromagnetic energy or by infrared radiation. Induction heating in the case of electrically conductive materials may also be employed.
  • the apparatus consists in general of an elongated chamber 10 having opposed slits 12 and 13 through which a tape to be coated may be run, and inlet and outlet conduits 14 and 15 by which an atmosphere of vapors of a carbonyl compound may be maintained within the chamber.
  • a heating platen 16 having a smooth upper surface over which the tape is passed is mounted within the chamber with power leads 17 for the heating element 18 leading to a variable power source 20 by which the temperature of the platen may be controlled.
  • insulation as indicated at 21, may be provided around the top surface.
  • the operation of the apparatus consists in feeding the tape 22 through the chamber and over the heating platen 16 while an atmosphere of carbonyl vapors is supplied to the chamber and while the temperature of the upper surface of the tape 22 is maintained above the decomposition temperature of the carbonyl com pound.
  • an iron coating on a tape of regenerated cellulose may be formed by supplying the chamber #10 with iron pentacarbonyl vapors under atmospheric pressure at a temperature above 103 C. (the boiling point of iron pentacarboxyl), preferably at about 120 C., While heating the tape to between 160 and 200 C.
  • a thin uniform homogeneous deposit of iron is thus formed by the reaction:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)

Description

Dec. 29, 1959 K. SCHGLZEL 2,919,207
METHOD OF APPLYING A FERROMAGNETIC SURFACE TO A BASE UTILIZING IRON CARBONYL AND OXYGEN Filed Jan. 24, 1956 INVENTOR. KARL SCHCLZEL ATTORNEYS METHOD OF APPLYING A FERROMAGNETIC SURFAQE TO A BASE UTILIZKNG IRON CAR- BONYL AND OXYGEN Karl Schiilzel, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, assignor to Max 'Braun, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, a partnership Application January 24, 1956, Serial No. 561,124
2 Claims. (Cl. 117-106) The present invention relates to magnetic recording materials, such as those commonly used for the recording of sound. In particular, the invention provides an I improved magnetic recording material and a novel method of applying extremely thin substantially homogenous ferromagnetic coatings to an appropriate base material which will generally be a non-magnetizable tape, disk, cylinder or structure of other suitable form.
Magnetic recording materials of this type are wellknown commodities and have been made in the past by one of several techniques. Most commonly a very finely divided ferromagnetic material is combined with a binder material which coats the base surface. Another technique consists in applying a thin foil of the ferromagnetic material to the base surface. Use has also been made of electrodeposition, spray coating, coating by evaporation under vacuum, and coating by cathode sputtering. The better of these processes are rather complicated and require costly apparatus and delicate controls, and those more easily carried out do not generally yield a high quality product. By the present invention, on the other hand, a ferrogmagnetic coating may very easily and accurately be applied to produce a uniform recording material of very high quality. In general, the process consists in depositing the ferrogmagnetic coating on the surface by thermally decomposing in situ the carbonyl of the desired metal.
Carbonyl compounds are known for numerous metals which are either magnetizable or useful in forming mag netizable alloys such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum, these metals being among the most important constitutents of magnetizable substances. These compounds may be converted to vapor form in which they are stable up to a temperature at which they decompose to yield the metal. The present invention takes advantage of this behavior, and is carried out by exposing the surface of the base material, at decomposition temperature, to the desired carbonyl compound in gaseous form. The carbonyl compound is thereupon decomposed at the surface of the base material to form a homogeneous coating of the magnetizable metal.
The nature of the coating can easily be controlled by varying the concentration and pressure of the vapors of carbonyl compound, and by controlling the time and temperature of exposure. Since the concentration, and pressure over the entire area subject to exposure is quite uniform, and since time and temperature conditions are readily controllable, it will be appreciated that eXeremely consistent and accurately controlled coatings may be formed Without the aid of binder materials.
Suitable carbonyl compounds are listed in Table I, which also gives their boiling points and decomposition temperatures at atmospheric pressure. These compounds are defined herein as metallic carbonyl compounds of the Werner type, since they are formed by covalent (Werner) bonding of CO, alone or with other groups, to the metal.
2,919,207 Patented Dec. 29, 1959 Table I Vapor pressure Decom- Oarbonyl compound mm Hg at 0 position temp. 0
Iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(OO).; 160 Nickel carbonyl, Ni(00)4 60 Cobalt nitrosyl carbonly, 00(NO) (CO Cobalt carbonyl hydride, Co(OO)4H -33 Iron nitrosyl carbonyl, Fe(NO)2(O0)z 4 at 0 50 Iron carbonyl hydride, Fe(OO)4Hz 11 at -l0 33 Molybdenum carbonyl, M0(CO)0 2 3 at 55 From Table I it will be seen that numerous carbonyl compounds are available for use in this invention, including not only carbonyls, but also nitrosyl carbonyls and carbonyl hydrides. The carbonyls, e.g. iron pentacarbonyl, may be used alone or in admixture with other carbonyl compounds to give a ferromagnetic coating of controlled variable composition. Thus, the coating may be iron or a mixture of iron and one or more other metals, e.g. cobalt, nickel and molybdenum.
Oxide coatings may also be formed by this invention by decomposing the carbonyl, e.g. iron pentacarbonyl, on the base surface in the presence of oxygen.
As base 'materials, any non-magnetizable material which is stable at the temperatures encountered during deposition of the ferromagnetic material, and which may be formed with a smooth surface may be used. Particularly useful are paper and flexible organic plastic filmforming materials such as polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polytetrafluoro-ethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polystyrene polyamides, rubber hydrochloride, vinyl nitrile rubber, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, and polymethylmethacrylate, to name but a few of the more common ones. Non-magnetizable metals, glass and numerous other materials having the general properties described above are also entirely suitable as base materials, provided that in each case a substance stable at the decomposition temperature is used.
As a general procedure, the base material is heated to decomposition temperature and exposed to the vapors of the carbonyl compound until a coating of the desired thickness has been deposited. The base material may be heated prior to the exposure and brought while still hot into contact with the vapors, but a preferable practice is to heat the base material at its surface while it is in contact with the vapors. For this purpose the base material may be heated by any one of numerous well-known methods, such as by being passed in contact with a heated surface, by high frequency electromagnetic energy or by infrared radiation. Induction heating in the case of electrically conductive materials may also be employed.
A preferred procedure as applied to the formation of an iron coating on a base tape is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing showing schematically suitable apparatus in which the invention may be practiced.
The apparatus consists in general of an elongated chamber 10 having opposed slits 12 and 13 through which a tape to be coated may be run, and inlet and outlet conduits 14 and 15 by which an atmosphere of vapors of a carbonyl compound may be maintained within the chamber. A heating platen 16 having a smooth upper surface over which the tape is passed is mounted within the chamber with power leads 17 for the heating element 18 leading to a variable power source 20 by which the temperature of the platen may be controlled. To prevent exposure of heated areas other than the top surface of the platen 16, insulation, as indicated at 21, may be provided around the top surface.
The operation of the apparatus consists in feeding the tape 22 through the chamber and over the heating platen 16 while an atmosphere of carbonyl vapors is supplied to the chamber and while the temperature of the upper surface of the tape 22 is maintained above the decomposition temperature of the carbonyl com pound.
In a typical operation for instance, an iron coating on a tape of regenerated cellulose may be formed by supplying the chamber #10 with iron pentacarbonyl vapors under atmospheric pressure at a temperature above 103 C. (the boiling point of iron pentacarboxyl), preferably at about 120 C., While heating the tape to between 160 and 200 C. A thin uniform homogeneous deposit of iron is thus formed by the reaction:
By introducing oxygen into the chamber in addition to the iron pentacarbonyl the iron may be deposited as ferromagnetic iron oxide, according to the reaction Although this invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is contemplated that obvious modifications of its practice Will occur to those skilled in the art, and that such may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Having thus disclosed this invention and described in detail preferred embodiments of it, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:
1. The method of applying a ferromagnetic surface coating to a non-magnetizable base surface comprising heating said non-magnetizable base surface, and contacting said surface with an atmosphere comprising vapors of iron pentacarbonyl and oxygen, the temperature of the base surface While in contact with said atmosphere being above the decomposition temperature of the carbonyl compound, and the time of contact being such as to deposit a thin layer of ferromagnetic iron oxide suitable for magnetic recording on said base surface.
2. The method of applying a ferromagnetic surface coating to a non-magnetizable base surface comprising heating said non-magnetizable base surface and contacting said surface with an atmosphere comprising vapors of an iron carbonyl compound and oxygen, the temperature of the base surface While in contact with said atmosphere being above the decomposition temperature of the carbonyl compound, and the time of contact being such as to deposit a thin layer of ferromagnetic iron oxide suit-able for magnetic recording on said base surface.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,041,480 Oexmann May 19, 1936 2,616,165 Brennan Nov. 4, 1952 2,619,433 Davis et a1. Nov. 25, 1952 2,671,034 Steinfeld Mar. 2, 1954 2,698,812 Schladi-tz Jan. 4, 1955 2,784,115 Brinsmaid et a1. Mar. 5, 1957

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF APPLYING A FEROMAGNETIC SURFACE COATING TO A NON-MAGNETIZABLE BASE SURFACE COMPRISING HEATING SAID NON-MAGNETIZABLE BASE SURFACE, AND CONTACTING SAID SURFACE WITH AN ATMOSPHERE COMPRISING VAPORS OF IRON PENTACARBONYLA AND OXYGEN, THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BASE SURFACE WHILE IN CONTACT WITH SAID ATMOSPHERE BEING ABOVE THE DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE CARBONYL COMPOUND, AND THE TIME OF CONTACT BEING SUCH AS TO DEPOSIT A THIN LAYER OF FERROMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE SUITABLE FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING ON SAID BASE SURFACE.
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990295A (en) * 1958-11-07 1961-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Deposition of aluminum
US3081200A (en) * 1959-04-10 1963-03-12 Armour Res Found Method of applying an oxide coating onto a non-porous refractory substrate
US3092511A (en) * 1958-11-19 1963-06-04 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic devices and preparation thereof
US3092510A (en) * 1959-03-02 1963-06-04 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic devices and preparation thereof
US3124490A (en) * 1960-06-30 1964-03-10 Variable axis magnetic
US3148079A (en) * 1961-10-12 1964-09-08 Polytechnic Inst Brooklyn Process for producing thin film ferrimagnetic oxides
US3206325A (en) * 1961-09-14 1965-09-14 Alloyd Corp Process for producing magnetic product
US3306835A (en) * 1965-02-04 1967-02-28 Agatha C Magnus Treatment of substances with ultrasonic vibrations and electro-magnetic radiations
US3399072A (en) * 1963-03-04 1968-08-27 North American Rockwell Magnetic materials
US3421933A (en) * 1966-12-14 1969-01-14 North American Rockwell Spinel ferrite epitaxial composite
US3853648A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-12-10 Material Sciences Corp Process for forming a metal oxide pattern
US3859129A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-01-07 Corning Glass Works Method of improving the magnetic properties of cobalt substituted magnetite
US3892888A (en) * 1971-06-09 1975-07-01 Corning Glass Works Method of making a magnetic recording and storage device
US3957559A (en) * 1972-05-16 1976-05-18 American Can Company Chemically filled polymeric articles
US3996395A (en) * 1972-05-26 1976-12-07 Corning Glass Works Method of increasing the coercivity of magnetite films
FR2387916A1 (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-17 Philips Nv METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS COATING OF AN OBLONG BODY
US4360441A (en) * 1981-06-25 1982-11-23 Corning Glass Works Glass-encapsulated magnetic materials and methods for making them
US4422898A (en) * 1970-04-17 1983-12-27 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for the fabrication of an iron oxide mask
EP0194748A2 (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-09-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magnetic thin film and method of manufacturing the same
US4717587A (en) * 1985-03-22 1988-01-05 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing metallic structures on non-conductors
WO2006004579A2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2006-01-12 Superpower, Inc. A chemical vapor deposition apparatus

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2041480A (en) * 1932-09-19 1936-05-19 Oexmann Heinrich Carrier for magnetic recording
US2616165A (en) * 1947-01-18 1952-11-04 Everett D Mccurdy Electrode for electrolytic devices and methods of making same
US2619433A (en) * 1949-07-14 1952-11-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of gas plating
US2671034A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-03-02 Julian S Steinfeld Method for producing magnetic recording tape
US2698812A (en) * 1949-10-21 1955-01-04 Schladitz Hermann Metal deposition process
US2784115A (en) * 1953-05-04 1957-03-05 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing titanium dioxide coatings

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2041480A (en) * 1932-09-19 1936-05-19 Oexmann Heinrich Carrier for magnetic recording
US2616165A (en) * 1947-01-18 1952-11-04 Everett D Mccurdy Electrode for electrolytic devices and methods of making same
US2619433A (en) * 1949-07-14 1952-11-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of gas plating
US2698812A (en) * 1949-10-21 1955-01-04 Schladitz Hermann Metal deposition process
US2671034A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-03-02 Julian S Steinfeld Method for producing magnetic recording tape
US2784115A (en) * 1953-05-04 1957-03-05 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing titanium dioxide coatings

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990295A (en) * 1958-11-07 1961-06-27 Union Carbide Corp Deposition of aluminum
US3092511A (en) * 1958-11-19 1963-06-04 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic devices and preparation thereof
US3092510A (en) * 1959-03-02 1963-06-04 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic devices and preparation thereof
US3081200A (en) * 1959-04-10 1963-03-12 Armour Res Found Method of applying an oxide coating onto a non-porous refractory substrate
US3124490A (en) * 1960-06-30 1964-03-10 Variable axis magnetic
US3206325A (en) * 1961-09-14 1965-09-14 Alloyd Corp Process for producing magnetic product
US3148079A (en) * 1961-10-12 1964-09-08 Polytechnic Inst Brooklyn Process for producing thin film ferrimagnetic oxides
US3399072A (en) * 1963-03-04 1968-08-27 North American Rockwell Magnetic materials
US3306835A (en) * 1965-02-04 1967-02-28 Agatha C Magnus Treatment of substances with ultrasonic vibrations and electro-magnetic radiations
US3421933A (en) * 1966-12-14 1969-01-14 North American Rockwell Spinel ferrite epitaxial composite
US4422898A (en) * 1970-04-17 1983-12-27 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for the fabrication of an iron oxide mask
US3892888A (en) * 1971-06-09 1975-07-01 Corning Glass Works Method of making a magnetic recording and storage device
US3957559A (en) * 1972-05-16 1976-05-18 American Can Company Chemically filled polymeric articles
US3859129A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-01-07 Corning Glass Works Method of improving the magnetic properties of cobalt substituted magnetite
US3996395A (en) * 1972-05-26 1976-12-07 Corning Glass Works Method of increasing the coercivity of magnetite films
US3853648A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-12-10 Material Sciences Corp Process for forming a metal oxide pattern
FR2387916A1 (en) * 1977-04-23 1978-11-17 Philips Nv METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS COATING OF AN OBLONG BODY
US4360441A (en) * 1981-06-25 1982-11-23 Corning Glass Works Glass-encapsulated magnetic materials and methods for making them
EP0194748A2 (en) * 1985-02-07 1986-09-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magnetic thin film and method of manufacturing the same
US4717584A (en) * 1985-02-07 1988-01-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a magnetic thin film
EP0194748A3 (en) * 1985-02-07 1989-01-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magnetic thin film and method of manufacturing the same
US4717587A (en) * 1985-03-22 1988-01-05 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing metallic structures on non-conductors
WO2006004579A2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2006-01-12 Superpower, Inc. A chemical vapor deposition apparatus
US20060115580A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2006-06-01 Superpower, Inc. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus usable in the manufacture of superconducting conductors
WO2006004579A3 (en) * 2004-04-08 2006-09-21 Superpower Inc A chemical vapor deposition apparatus
US8268386B2 (en) 2004-04-08 2012-09-18 Superpower Inc. Method for manufacturing high-temperature superconducting conductors

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