US2918987A - Electrical controls for elevators - Google Patents

Electrical controls for elevators Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2918987A
US2918987A US756130A US75613058A US2918987A US 2918987 A US2918987 A US 2918987A US 756130 A US756130 A US 756130A US 75613058 A US75613058 A US 75613058A US 2918987 A US2918987 A US 2918987A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
winding
speed
acceleration
deceleration
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US756130A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Haase Otto
Volkert Erich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STARKSTROM ANLAGENBAU ERFURT
VEB STARKSTROM-ANLAGENBAU ERFURT
Original Assignee
STARKSTROM ANLAGENBAU ERFURT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DEV13009A external-priority patent/DE1109337B/de
Application filed by STARKSTROM ANLAGENBAU ERFURT filed Critical STARKSTROM ANLAGENBAU ERFURT
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2918987A publication Critical patent/US2918987A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/02—Control systems without regulation, i.e. without retroactive action
    • B66B1/06—Control systems without regulation, i.e. without retroactive action electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/02—Control systems without regulation, i.e. without retroactive action
    • B66B1/06—Control systems without regulation, i.e. without retroactive action electric
    • B66B1/12—Control systems without regulation, i.e. without retroactive action electric with devices, e.g. handles or levers, located at a control station for direct control movements, e.g. electric mining-hoist control systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical controls for high speed elevators such as in mines, andto their automatic operation.
  • the automatic controldevices of'the prior art for elevators operate at constantcurrent consumption during acceleration and deceleration, i.e. the electrical turning moment for starting and for slowing down is constant and independent of the load, and of the direction of travel (either lowering into the mine or raising out of the mine).
  • the absolute or overall value of the acceleration or deceleration in these prior devices depends on the arrangement of load, acceleration, and deceleration prevailing at any given moment; it is also variable and causes variation in acceleration distanceand braking distance.
  • the accelerating distance is limited by controlling the number of revolutions and travel at constant speed is initiated thereby.
  • a sensing device adapts the deceleration path to the prevailing load conditions and initiates deceleration accordingly at an earlier or later moment.
  • Such a sensing device and the corresponding control devices for such prior control installations are complicated and costly. Such devices increase the maintenance requirements for control and increase the cost of operation.
  • Control devices of known design usually operate with mechanical control means which serve primarily for adjusting the speed of revolution to a predetermined value and which can be made use of for initiating the deceleration.
  • Commonly used control devices are preferably magnetic amplifiers or rotary drum switches. 1
  • the elevator is controlled in such a manner that distance and time of acceleration travel at constant speed and deceleration remain constant, independent of the load in each traveling cycle. Contrary to the wiring arrangements of the prior art, not the actual current is controlled during starting, but rather the acceleration or deceleration is directly controlled. Direct adjustment of the rotary speed. occurs during travel at constant speed.
  • control of the rotary speed and of the acceleration starts with the start of the elevator trip.
  • the predetermined full speed, rate of revolution, and the predetermined value of the acceleration are set by means of the basic excitation of an amplidyne amplifier device, and the acceleration winding fully compensates basic excitation up to the point of constant acceleration, whereas in the transition area, or during the transition period, up to constant rotary speed, the rotary speed regulating winding compensates the basic excitation, and basic excitation at constant rate travel is finally entirely cancelled or compensated for by the rotary speed regulating winding, whereby excitation for the rotary speed required at any given time is supplied by the rotary speed compensating winding subject to the potential of a tach0-.
  • the crawling or inching speed is controlled in such a manner that the crawling speed winding becomes effective during transition to constant crawling speed and compensates the basic excitation together with the deceleration winding, whereas at constant velocity at crawling'speed, basic excitation is cancelled by the crawling speed winding and therequired rotary speed is regulated by the rotary speed comipensating winding.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic wiring diagram of one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the elevator shaft showing the arrangement of switches
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic wiring diagram showing the relays connected to the switches of Fig. 2.
  • Each aligned relay circuit in Fig. 3 is indicated by an S followed by a numeral.
  • the chart below each circuit should be understood as an indication of which other S circuit the particular relay winding in that circuit is intended to'affect either by opening or closing relays within that circuit.
  • the basic element of the control device of the invention is an amplidyne amplifierA, having nine galvanically separated excitor windings for: Basic excitation 1,
  • This amplidyne A feeds the control generator G of a converter unit indicated generally as 60, and which in turn supplies the necessary direct current for the elevator motor M.
  • tacho-generator TG is mounted on the shaft of elevator motor M and serves as means for transmitting a current proportional to the actual rate of revolution of motor M.
  • the corresponding combination of relays initiates various control processes as follows:
  • the generator G of converter unit 60 is excited by means of the amplidyne A in such a manner that the elevator motor M raises the cage with a constant acceleration.
  • the rotary speed of motor M increases and approaches a fixed value according to a logarithmic e-function.
  • the rate of revolution of motor M is held constant by means of a control circuit and, starting at the point of deceleration, the motor speed of motor M approaches, with constant deceleration, a crawling speed.
  • the speed thereof then further decreases according to a logarithmic e-function to the crawling speed. This crawling speed is then held constant until the cage reaches the mouth of the elevator shaft and mechanical brakes have been applied.
  • windings 6 and 9 provide excitation for amplidyne A, which, acting through the generator G of converter 60, results in a voltage and flow of current which the motor M requires for the prevailing rotary speed.
  • Winding 6, therefore, is connected, as shown, to the tacho-generator TG which is coupled with the motor M and the output current I of winding 6 is proportional to the rotary speed of motor M, and therefore to the electromotive force of the motor.
  • Winding 9 is connected to a shunt R arranged in the circuit converter 60, and its current 1,, is proportional to the armature current I and thus to the voltage drop in the armature circuit. Both windings 6 and 9 remain effective during the entire travel cycle, without being reversed.
  • base excitation winding 1 Upon starting, base excitation winding 1 is switched on and acts in the same direction as winding 6.
  • the motor M starts up.
  • Winding receives a current value I through a differential transformer 51, which may be connected across the potential of tacho-generator TG or across that of control generator G (as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1), and through amplifier V, 52, the current value I being proportional to the acceleration and acting against winding 1.
  • a differential amount of current occurs between winding 1 and winding 5, which increases total excitation, i.e. acceleration increases. If the acceleration is too great, the exciting difference between winding 1 and winding 5 reduces total excitation and the acceleration is reduced. In this manner the acceleration is held constant.
  • winding 5 cancels the efiect of winding 1.
  • winding 2 is simultaneously connected to the voltage across the tachogenerator TG. It acts counter to winding 1 when the tacho-generator voltage becomes greater than the voltage for which the potentiometer P fis set. As long as the tacho voltage is smaller than U the rectifiers 53, 54
  • Winding 3 operates when tacho potential U becomes smaller than the voltage U set on potentiometer P As long as U is greater than U a rectifier prevents a flow of current. As soon as the voltage U drops below U deceleration decreases, and the rotary speed of motor M passes into crawling speed.
  • the adjustment of the individual operating parameters or values such as acceleration, deceleration, speed, etc. may be performed as follows:
  • the predetermined value of acceleration or deceleration can be adjusted, first by changing the basic exciter currents I by means of resistor R and potentiometer P whereby the terminal rotary speed of motor M also is changed. If it is desired to change only the acceleration or deceleration, the resistor R and thus the input current I of the differential transformer 51 has to be adjusted.
  • Terminal rotary speed is adjustable first, as above mentioned, by adjustment of the basic exciting current I whereby acceleration and deceleration are also altered, but also by variation of potential U in potentiometer P In this case, the rotary speed also changes, which constitutes the speed to which acceleration is continued. If the terminal speed is to be changed without changing acceleration and point of initiation thereof, resistor R must be regulated.
  • Crawling speed changes with the variation of the rotary speed up to which deceleration remains constant, by means of adjustment of voltage U at potentiometer P Crawling speed furthermore changes with the basic excitation I of winding 1. Independent of I and U it may also be adjusted by means of R A relay combination, which is actuated by the switches located in the elevator shaft initiates the individual control processes. 7
  • relays R13 and R1311 are energized, and at the same time relay R12 is deenergized.
  • the machine thus starts at the set acceleration and automatically reaches its constant terminal velocity.
  • switch V relay 11 is deenergized and relay 14 is energized, whereby the predetermined value for deceleration is set.
  • rotary speed control is disconnected by means of relay R15, and the relay R16 is switched on, thus setting crawling speed with the proper polarity.
  • the On-relay R13 and R13a is deenergized, and the machine comes to a standstill.
  • the killing circuit 7 becomes effective and acceleration is set for the downward movement of the north cage.
  • the opposite cycle can then start.
  • the switches 6 and 6 serve as safety speed limit switches or governors. If the cage at this point has attained a speed which is above a certain permissible value, the safety brake is released by means of a centrifugal switch or similar device.
  • An electrical automatic control device for an elevator to maintain constant and independent of variations in the elevator load, the values of distance of and time of acceleration, of travel at constant speed and of deceleration; comprising an elevator motor, direct current generator means for driving said motor, amplidyne amplifier means for feeding current to said generator, tachogenerator means operatively connected to said elevator motor for generating a current proportional to the rotary speed of said motor, said amplidyne amplifier means being provided with a plurality of exciter windings, including a basic excitation winding, a rotary speed regulating winding, an acceleration winding, and a rotary speed compensating winding connected across the voltage of said tacho-generator, whereby at the beginning of each travel cycle of said elevator simultaneous control of the rotational speed and acceleration of said elevator motor are achieved through said basic excitation winding of said amplidyne amplifier means, said acceleration winding fully compensating said basic excitation winding up to the point of constant acceleration of said motor, whereas in the region of transition from
  • a device having a cage and including braking means for stopping the cage of said elevator, switch means for initiating operation of said braking means, said switch means being located in the shaft of said elevator and actuatable by the position of said cage, means for setting a predetermined value of basic excitation current in said basic excitation winding so that said basic excitation current is negative relative to the current from said acceleration winding, means for simultaneously disconnecting said rotary speed regulating winding while said acceleration winding fully compensates said basic excitation winding and said rotary speed compensating winding furnishes an exciting current to said amplidyne amplifier corresponding to the rotary speed value of said tacho-generator.
  • a device including means for controlling said motor to rotate at a predetermined crawling rotary speed, comprising a crawling speed excitor winding and a deceleration exciter winding for said amplidyne amplifier, switch and relay means for actuating said crawling speed winding to become effective in a predetermined transition range of speed of said motor as the speed of said motor approaches said crawling speed, within said transition range said crawling speed winding and said deceleration winding together compensating said basic excitation winding, and during travel of said elevator cage at constant crawling speed said basic excitation winding is compensated by said crawling speed winding, and said rotary speed compensating winding furnishes an exciting current to said amplidyne amplifier to regulate the rotary speed of said elevator motor.
  • a device including dt compensation exciter winding for said amplidyne amplifier to cancel out the influence of load during temporary change of load current to said elevator motor.
  • a device including non-mechanical elevator travel control means comprising a plurality of switches located in the shaft of said elevator and operatively connected with said windings of said amplidyne amplifier, and a combination of relays connected to said switches in said elevator shaft for elfectuating the control of said windings and thus of said elevator travel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
US756130A 1957-08-28 1958-08-20 Electrical controls for elevators Expired - Lifetime US2918987A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEV13009A DE1109337B (de) 1957-08-28 1957-08-28 Selbsttaetige elektrische Steuerung von Bergwerks-Foerdermaschinen mit Leonardantrieb
DE2918987X 1957-08-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2918987A true US2918987A (en) 1959-12-29

Family

ID=27208126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US756130A Expired - Lifetime US2918987A (en) 1957-08-28 1958-08-20 Electrical controls for elevators

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2918987A (fr)
FR (1) FR1200242A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240290A (en) * 1962-08-13 1966-03-15 Dover Corp High and low speed leveling control for an elevator with tach speed sensor
US3297110A (en) * 1965-02-10 1967-01-10 Serge Elevator Company Inc Generator starter used in an elevator motor drive
US3442352A (en) * 1965-10-13 1969-05-06 Otis Elevator Co Elevator control system
US3470438A (en) * 1967-03-08 1969-09-30 Otis Elevator Co Motor control system
US3516518A (en) * 1965-10-13 1970-06-23 Otis Elevator Co Elevator control system
US3948357A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-04-06 Armor Elevator Company, Inc. Transportation system with decelerating control

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742979A (en) * 1953-10-30 1956-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Elevator systems having a plurality of elevator cars
US2746566A (en) * 1953-08-31 1956-05-22 Haughton Elevator Company Delay for directional preference control for parked elevator cars

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746566A (en) * 1953-08-31 1956-05-22 Haughton Elevator Company Delay for directional preference control for parked elevator cars
US2742979A (en) * 1953-10-30 1956-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Elevator systems having a plurality of elevator cars

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240290A (en) * 1962-08-13 1966-03-15 Dover Corp High and low speed leveling control for an elevator with tach speed sensor
US3297110A (en) * 1965-02-10 1967-01-10 Serge Elevator Company Inc Generator starter used in an elevator motor drive
US3442352A (en) * 1965-10-13 1969-05-06 Otis Elevator Co Elevator control system
US3516518A (en) * 1965-10-13 1970-06-23 Otis Elevator Co Elevator control system
US3470438A (en) * 1967-03-08 1969-09-30 Otis Elevator Co Motor control system
US3948357A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-04-06 Armor Elevator Company, Inc. Transportation system with decelerating control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1200242A (fr) 1959-12-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NO311884B1 (no) Fremgangsmåte og anordning for styring av en heisbremse
US4319665A (en) AC Elevator control system
US2918987A (en) Electrical controls for elevators
CA1036512A (fr) Ascenseur
US2704401A (en) Stock line recorders
US3442352A (en) Elevator control system
US1944988A (en) Control system
US3735221A (en) Electrical hoist control system
US4122919A (en) Speed control apparatus for AC elevator
GB1134054A (en) Motor control systems
ES423020A1 (es) Dispositivo para el mando de un ascensor.
US2363302A (en) Elevator control system
GB1469576A (en) System for automatically bringing an elevator cage to a floor level in the event of a power failure
US3516518A (en) Elevator control system
US2779439A (en) Automatic elevator current operated by-pass control
US1692542A (en) Electrical means for controlling lifts and the like
US1709102A (en) Control system for elevators
US2804943A (en) Device on elevators for stopping exactly at floor level
US2769123A (en) Servo system, including ward-leonard controlled servomotor
US2914138A (en) Elevator controls
US2361170A (en) Elevator control system
US1550467A (en) Means for regulating electric-current generators
US1611091A (en) Elevator-control system
US2828832A (en) Device on elevators for stopping exactly at floor level
GB785905A (en) Improvements in or relating to apparatus for controlling the stopping of electrically-driven high-speed lifts and hoists