Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
  • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
  • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents

Definitions

• This invention relates to improved surface active agents and more particularly to such agents which are highly useful in the fulling and scouring of woolen and worsted fabrics.
• the first step is to subject the raw wool to a scouring procedure to remove the wool grease, dirt and other extraneous foreign matter 'which may have become attached to the Wool fibers.
• the scoured raw wool is subjected to a carding operation which causes the wool fibers to be aligned in a relatively parallel direction.
• the carded wool is put through a spinning operation to convert the fibers to woolen yarn.
• the yarn is woven into cloth.
• various oily materials are usually applied to the wool to reduce or eliminate static electricity and to aid the workability 'of the fibers and the yarn by providing lubrication for the fibers and the yarn.
• the cloth as it comes from the weaving operation is comparatively loose, porous and thin.
• the cloth In order to convert the cloth to the form in which it is used in producing woolen clothing and other customer goods the cloth must be subjected to a fulling process, and immediately thereafter it is subjected to a scouring procedure to remove the lubricants employed in the carding, spinning and weaving operations. Frequently, after the fulling and scouring procedures, the cloth is subjected to a carbonizing procedure to remove any cellulosic matter which may not have been removed by the procedure operations.
• This carbonizing procedure involves wetting the woolen cloth with a dilute solution of an acid such as sulfuric acid or of a salt such as aluminum chloride and then baking the cloth which will result in the sulfuric acid being concentrated through evaporation of the moisture from the dilute solution and which will result in formation by hydrochloric acid from the aqueous solution of aluminum chloride. The concentrated acid The carbonized material is then removed by a washing procedure.
• the commercial procedure which is now used for the production of woolen cloth involves carbonizing the cloth just prior to the fulling and scouring procedures.
• the fulling and scouring procedures involve first passing the thin, loose and porous woolen cloth through a series of rollers which tend to cause the fibers in the cloth to migrate and thereby become entangled with each other thus reducing the thinness, looseness and porosity of the cloth.
• it 'has'been thc 'c'us'tom in the' past to apply solutions of water-soluble soaps to the cloth prior to the fulling procedure to help lubricate and moisten the fibers.
• the cloth is scoured by immersing it in water and thoroughly agitating the cloth in the water.
• the soap solution which has been applied to the cloth for the fulling operation is dissolved in the scouring bath and serves as the detergent to wash from the cloth the lubricating oils used in the carding, spinning and weaving operations.
• soda ash i.e. sodium carbonate.
• the use of the common water-soluble soaps in the fulling and scouring procedures has not been completely satisfactory for a number of reasons. As is well known, ordinary watersoluble soaps have very poor resistance to hard water, which is encountered in many areas.
• a further object of the invention is to. provide compositions for the fulling and scouring of woolen and .worsted fabrics which will readily dissolve in and which and which Will eliminate the need for separate washing and rinsing steps following the carbonizing procedure when that procedure is carried out prior to the fulling and scouring procedures.
• compositions which are mixtures of fatty amide condensates of the type described hereinafter and sulfated fatty acids having a relatively high S0 content.
• compositions of the invention readily dissolve in and are highly stable in aqueous solutions containing large amounts of carbonates. They have excellent detergent properties and give. very excellent resultsv when employed for the fulling and scouring of woolen and worsted fabrics even When the fulling and scouring are carried out immediately following carbonizing of the fabrics.
• sufiicient soda ash present in the fulling solution to neutralize the acid material remaining on the carbonized cloth plus the amount of soda ash needed for the fulling and scouring procedures thus eliminating the separate steps of neutralizing and rinsing prior to fulling as is required in hte prior art procedures.
• compositions of the invention are highly superior to soap for use in the fulling and scouring of woolen and worsted f brics both from a cost standpoint and because they can be employed underconditionswhere soap will not give satisfactory results.
• the ingredientsem'ployed in preparing the compositions of the invention exert a synergistic effect on each other since the compositions have a far greater degree of detergency than would be expected from the detergency of the individual components. Because of the excellent detergent characteristics of the compositions they are highly suitable for use for general detergent purposes although they are primarily intended for use in the fulling and scouring of woolen and worsted fabrics.
• the fatty amide condensates which are employed in preparing the compositions of the invention are produced by reacting an alkylolamine such as diethanolamine, N- ethylethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, isopropylethanolamine, trimethylolaminomethane, mo'noisopropanolamine, monoethanolamine, diglycerylamine, and similar alkylolamines or mixtures thereof with a fatty acylating substance containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the acyl group. From 1.5 mols to 3 mols of alkylolamine are employed for each equivalent of the fatty acylating substance.
• an alkylolamine such as diethanolamine, N- ethylethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, isopropylethanolamine, trimethylolaminomethane, mo'noisoprop
• the fatty acylating substance may be'a fatty acid or a mixture thereof, an acyl halide or an ester or esters of fatty acids.
• fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic and similar acids or acyl halides, alkyl esters or glycerides thereof can be employed if desired.
• the preferred acylating substance is coconut oil itself or a mixture of coconut oil and tallow and the preferred alkylolamine is diethanolamine.
• the sulfated fatty acid which is employed in the compositions of the invention should have a relatively high content of S i.e. at least about and in most cases it is preferred that it have an S0 content of at least about 13% to 15%.
• the preferred sulfated fatty acid is sulfated oleic acid.
• Highly sulfated oleic acid can readily be prepared by sulfating low molecular weight alcohol esters of oleic acid and then saponifying the sulfated esters to give the free sulfated oleic acid.
• the sulfated group on the sulfated fatty acid is neutralized with an alkali in the usual manner following the sulfation.
• sulfation procedure is well known in the art and, therefore, details will not be set forth herein.
• some of the sulfated oleic acid may be left in the form of its low molecular weight alcohol ester.
• the ester of the sulfated acid should be saponified to such an extent that the product has an acid value of at least 100.
• mixtures of highly sulfated fatty acid and sulfated fatty acid having an S0 content of less than 10% may be employed provided the final mixture in all cases has an average S0 content of 10% or greater.
• the fatty amide condensate and the sulfated fatty acid are employed in a ratio of from 5 parts of fatty amide con- .densate to, 1 part of sulfated fatty acid to a ratio of 1 j of fatty amide condensate to..2 7 parts of sulfated fatty acid.
• the preferred ratio is approximately 2 parts of fatty amide condensate to each part of sulfated fatty acid.
• the products as prepared for shipment to the customer may be substantially moisture-free although in most cases in the preparation of the sulfated fatty acid some moisture will be introduced into the sulfated fatty acid product during the process of its manufacture. In most cases it is preferred that the moisture content of the compositions as shipped to the customer is not greater than about 79% for the obvious reasons of savings on freight, storage charges and container costs.
• the materials can be completely anhydrous although as a practical matter it is not economical to produce them completely free of water. Also in most cases the anhydrous products would be pastes instead of liquid materials. Such pastes would be more difficult for the textile mill to use than the liquid products.
• compositions of the invention are used to replace the water-soluble soaps employed in the conventional fulling and scouring operations.
• the compositions of the invention are considerably superior to soap since they are stable under all conditions of use, ie both in hard and soft water and in alkaline and acid solutions.
• Considerable savings in labor are realized by the use of the compositions of the invention since the stock solutions may be quickly prepared whereas a considerable length of time is often required for the preparation of stock solutions of soap.
• the actual quantities of the compositions of the invention which are employed will vary depending upon each mills particular requirements.
• compositions of the invention give results which are superior to the use of soaps and why these compositions are exceedingly stable under both acid and alkaline conditions. It is very possible that the sulfated fatty acid and the fatty amide condensate form a stable salt or adduct which is not affected by either acid or alkaline conditions. Regardless of the reason for the excellent results obtained with the compositions of the invention, both laboratory and mill tests demonstrate quite clearly the outstanding utility of the compositions of the invention.
• pine oil is added to fulling and scouring solutions for a number of purposes such as aiding the solutions to spread rapidly through the cloth, to prevent redepo'sition on the cloth of any dyes that may be removed'from the cloth during the fulling and scouring, and to aid in removing from the cloth the lubricants applied during the carding, spinning and weaving operations.
• the compositions of our invention are completely compatible with pine oil and may be used freely with it.
• Example I A fatty amide condensatelwas prepared by reacting 2.2 mols of diethanolamine with one equivalent of a fatty material composed of a mixture of 75% coconut oil and tallow. To 55 parts of this fatty amide condensate there were added 45 parts of a sulfated oleic acid having an S0 content of 13.5% and an acid value of 150. This sulfated oleic acid had been prepared by sulfating methyl oleate and then hydrolyzing the sulfated ester to give a sulfated fatty acid product having the desired acid value. The sulfated fatty acid contained 40% water. The composition prepared by mixing the fatty amide condensate with the sulfated oleic acid was highly stable in solutions containing relatively large amounts of carbonates. In addition the product was a highly effective foaming agent and detergent.
• the effectiveness of the blended composition as a fulling and scouring agent was tested in a textile mill on various types of woolen fabrics ranging from a fine worsted containing very little oil (1%) to a cheaper construction, i.e. 13 /2 ounce worsted with considerable oil on it.
• 27 pounds of the blended composition were mixed with 60 pounds of soda ash and sufficient water to give a total of 375 gallons.
• the resulting fulling solution was metered directly on the fabric using a weight of the fulling solution approximately equal to the weight of the fabric being treated. Approximately the same amount of time was employed for the fulling process as with conventional fulling agents.
• the fabrics were then washed in the usual manner except that the conventional detergents employed in the scouring bath were replaced with equivalent amounts of the compositions of this example.
• the resulting fabrics had a very excellent hand, appearance and odor and a very low content of material extractable with ethyl ether and ethyl alcohol.
• Example II Another composition of the invention was prepared in the same manner as the product of Example I except that the fatty amide condensate was prepared from 2.2 equivalents of diethanolamine and one equivalent of coconut oil. When this fatty amide condensate was blended with the sulfated fatty acid employed in Example I using the same proportions as in Example I a highly satisfactory fulling and scouring composition was obtained.
• Example III Another excellent product was prepared employing as the fatty amide condensate a product prepared by reacting 2.2 mols-ofdiethanolamine with one mol of coconut fatty acids.
• Example IV Another product of the invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example I except that the fatty amide condensate was prepared from 2 mols of diethanolamine and one mol of lauric acid.
• Example V The product of this example was similar to that of the previous examples except that the fatty amide condensate was prepared from 2 mols of diethanolamine and one mol of myristic acid.
• Example VI Another product of the invention was prepared as in the previous examples except that the fatty amide condensate was prepared from 2 mols of diethanolamine and one mol of palmitic acid.
• Example VII A product wherein the fatty amide condensate was prepared from a mixture of alkylolarnines was prepared by reacting one equivalent of lauric acid with a mixture of 1 /2 mols of diethanolamine and one-half mol of diisopropanolarnine. This fatty amidle condensate was blended with the sulfated fatty acid employed in Example I using the same ratios as in Examplel to give a highly effective fulling and scouring composition.
• Example VIII In this example the fatty amide condensate was prepared by reacting one equivalent of coconut fatty acids with a mixture of 1 /2 mols of diethanolamine and onehalf mol of monoisopropanolamine. The blended compositions prepared from this fatty amide condensate and the sulfated oleic acid of Example I using the same ratios as in Example I gave a very excellent fulling and scouring composition.
• Example IX 18.7 parts of the fatty amide condensate employed in Example I were mixed with 9.7 parts of a sulfated oleic acid having an acid value of 150 and an S0 content of approximately 9%, 9.1 parts of a sulfated oleic acid having an acid value of 70 and an S0 content of 14%, 2.9 parts of pine oil and 59.6 parts of water.
• the sulfated oleic acid having the content of approximately 9% contained about 30% water and the sulfated oleic acid having an S0 content of about 14% contained about 44% water.
• the final composition had a Water content of approximately 67%.
• This product had very excellent stability in solutions containing relatively large amounts of carbonates and had excellent fulling and scouring properties when employed in full scale plant tests.
• the product of the example was employed in a fulling solution at a concentration of 5 ounces per gallon, i.e. approximately 1.7 ounces per gallon on an active basis.
• the fulling solution also contained 1 /2 ounces of soda ash, 1 /2 ounces of sodium bicarbonate and A ounce of a commercial sequestering agent. Very excellent results were obtained in the fulling of the woolen fabrics with this solution using the same fulling time as when soap was employed as the fulling detergent.
• the sudsing qualities of the fulling solution were far superior to the fulling solutions prepared using soap as the detergent and in addition there was a great saving in labor in the preparation of the fulling solution as compared to the preparation of the solution when soap is used as the detergent. It was found that the fabric after it came out of the washing bath was completely free of any carbon tetrachloride-soluble material whereas when soap was employed as the detergent in fulling and scouring it wasflnot possible to obtain a fabric completely free of carbon tetrachloride-soluble material.
• Example X Another fulling and scouring composition of the invention was prepared by mixing 16.8 parts of the fatty amide condensate of Example I with 12.8 parts of the sulfated oleic acid of Example IX which contained 9% S 8.0 parts of the sulfated oleic acid of Example 1X which contained 14% S0 2.9 parts of pine oil and 59.5 parts of water.
• the resulting composition was a very excellent fulling and scouring composition and had the same excellent qualities as the products of the previous examples.
• a composition consisting essentially of (a) a fatty amide condensate prepared by reacting from one and one-half mols to three mols of an alkylolamine with one equivalent of a fatty acylating substance selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, acyl halides, esters of fatty acids and mixtures thereof having a fatty chain length of at least twelve carbon atoms and (b) a sulfated fatty acid having an acid value of at least 100 and an S0 content of at least said fatty amide condensate and said sulfated fatty acid being present in a ratio of from about five parts of fatty amide condensate to one part of sulfated fatty acid to about one part of fatty amide condensate to two parts of sulfated fatty acid.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the fatty acylating substance is a mixture of coconut oil and tallow.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the fatty amide condensate is prepared from one equivalent of the fatty acylating substance and about two equivalents of alkylolamine.
• composition of claim 3 wherein the fatty acylating substance is a mixture of coconut oil and tallow.
• composition of claim 3 wherein the alkylolamine is diethanolamine.
• composition of claim 3 wherein the sulfated fatty acid material is a mixture of sulfated methyl oleate and sulfated oleic acid having an acid value of at least about and an S0 content of at least about 13%.
• composition of claim 4 wherein the alkylolamine is diethanolamine.
• composition of claim 4 wherein the sulfated fatty acid material is a mixture of sulfated methyl oleate and sulfated oleic acid having an acid value of at least about 150 and an S0 content of at least about 13%.
• composition of claim 5 wherein the sulfated fatty acid material is a mixture of sulfated methyl oleate and sulfated oleic acid having an acid value ofat least about 150 and an $0 content of at least about 13%.
• composition of claim 7 wherein the sulfated fatty acid material is a mixture of sulfated methyl oleate and sulfated oleic acid having an acid value of at least about 150 and an S0 content of at least about 13%.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (3)

Citations (3)

• 1955
  • 1955-07-07 US US520616A patent/US2918428A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1956
  • 1956-06-12 CH CH346640D patent/CH346640A/fr unknown
  • 1956-06-28 FR FR1154567D patent/FR1154567A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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