US2908843A - Coupling arrangement for traveling wave tubes - Google Patents

Coupling arrangement for traveling wave tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2908843A
US2908843A US529818A US52981855A US2908843A US 2908843 A US2908843 A US 2908843A US 529818 A US529818 A US 529818A US 52981855 A US52981855 A US 52981855A US 2908843 A US2908843 A US 2908843A
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Prior art keywords
traveling wave
coupling
coupling arrangement
tube
waveguide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US529818A
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Klein Werner
Friz Walter
Osswald Gerhard
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB839453A external-priority patent/GB755834A/en
Priority claimed from GB18181/54A external-priority patent/GB787181A/en
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication of US2908843A publication Critical patent/US2908843A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/029—Schematic arrangements for beam forming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
    • C07D261/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D261/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D261/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D261/18—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
    • C07D317/62—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D317/66—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/04—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power
    • G05D16/0404—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power with two or more controllers mounted in parallel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
    • G05D23/12—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element responsive to pressure or volume changes in a confined fluid
    • G05D23/125—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element responsive to pressure or volume changes in a confined fluid the sensing element being placed outside a regulating fluid flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F7/00—Signs, name or number plates, letters, numerals, or symbols; Panels or boards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0273—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation
    • H01F7/0278—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation for generating uniform fields, focusing, deflecting electrically charged particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/065—Electron or ion guns producing a solid cylindrical beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H01J23/0873—Magnetic focusing arrangements with at least one axial-field reversal along the interaction space, e.g. P.P.M. focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/42—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/38—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode

Definitions

  • the invention suggests a coupling arrangement consisting of a waveguide component and of a coaxial line component coaxially surrounding the tube.
  • the waveguide is arranged perpendicularly in relation to the tube axis, outside the homogeneous area of the magnetic field.
  • the coaxial line component is arranged in the tube axis, i.e. in such a way that the tube can be accommodated in the inside of the inner conductor of the coaxial line section.
  • the coupling between the coaxial line section and the tube is eifected at that end of the coaxial line section not facing the waveguide.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing represent a crosssectional longitudinal view of the tube and an end view, of the waveguide coupler, respectively.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes the glass container of the schematically represented traveling wave tube
  • 2 denotes the beam generating system
  • 3 the input and output coupling arrangements of the tube
  • 4 is the collector comprising the heat radiating device 5.
  • Numeral 7 denotes the input and output antennas for elfecting the transfer of the HF. energy between the outer circuits and helix 8, which is held in position between the holding bars 6.
  • the inventive coupling arrangement includes a waveguide 9 equipped with the flange 10 that establishes the connection with the outer circuit. The tuning to the most optimum transformation plane is effected by means of the short-circuit slide 11.
  • the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial line Perpendicularly to the waveguide there is arranged the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial line, and coaxially in rela- 2,908,843 Patented Oct. 13, 1959 tion thereto the outer conductor 13.
  • the input coupling arrangement is identical with the output coupling arrangement.
  • the magnet arrangement 14 may consist of a one piece, coil or permanent magnet. When employing this arrangement it is possible to produce a magnetic field that is homogeneous over the whole length of the electron beam.
  • the inner conductor 12 provides capacitive connection with the outer member of coupling arrangement 3. A similar connection is provided by the narrowed cylindrical portion of the outer conductor 13 of the coaxial line section and the other member of arrangement 3.
  • the rela tionship between the diameter of the outer conductor and that of the inner conductor determines the characteristic impedance of the coam'al line section. It has to be matched to the waveguide, so that the dimensions of the coaxial line section depend upon the dimensions of the waveguide. For obtaining a good wideband matching it isregarded as being particularly advantageous to choose the distance between the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial line section to equal approximately the height 15 of the waveguide, that is the spacing between walls 16 and 17 of the waveguide.
  • an energy transfer coupler for coupling an external circuit to said delay line, comprising a wave guide component substantially perpendicularly positioned with respect to said delay line and located beyond one end thereof, and a coaxial component external of and coaxial with said delay line and coupled to it at said one end, comprising an inner conductor member connected to one wall of said wave guide and extending toward said line, and an outer conductor member spaced axially from said inner conductor member and connected to the opposite wall of said wave guide and extending in coupling relation over one end of said line.

Description

Oct. 13, 1959 w. KLEIN ETAL 2,908,843
COUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBES Filed Au g. 22. 1955 INVENTCRS W KLEIN W FRIZ- G OSSWALD BY W1 United States Patent i COUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBES Application August 22, 1955, Serial No. 529,818
Claims priority, application Germany September 14, 1954 4 Claims. (Cl. 315-35) The focusing of electron beams in traveling wave tubes is effected mostly by means of permanent-magnetic or electromagnetic fields. To this end with electro-magnets 'the coils are arranged externally along the tube. For
coupling the HF-energy to the delay line, through coaxial lines the coil has to be interrupted at the coupling points. Arrangements have also already become known in which the HF-coupling is effected from one end of the tube. In such arrangements there is required no interruption of the magnet coil. However, the construction of the tube becomes very complicated because the coupling lines, at least partially, have to be conducted inside the vacuum container. In the case of waveguide couplings there is required, in most cases, an interruption of the magnet coil arrangement at the coupling points. When interrupting the coil arrangement then inhomogenities of the magnetic field must be taken into account. In the case of permanent magnets an interruption of the arrangement will lead to an intolerable drop of field intensity at the point of interruption. Especially in the case of low-noise traveling wave tubes a field inhomogenity causes an increase of the coil or helix loss current and, consequently, an increase of the noise factor.
For eliminating these disadvantages and for obtaining a field that is as free as possible from inhomogenities when employing electro-rnagnets as well as when employing permanent-magnets, the invention suggests a coupling arrangement consisting of a waveguide component and of a coaxial line component coaxially surrounding the tube. According to another feature of the invention the waveguide is arranged perpendicularly in relation to the tube axis, outside the homogeneous area of the magnetic field. The coaxial line component is arranged in the tube axis, i.e. in such a way that the tube can be accommodated in the inside of the inner conductor of the coaxial line section. The coupling between the coaxial line section and the tube is eifected at that end of the coaxial line section not facing the waveguide.
One exemplified embodiment of the invention will now be particularly described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing which represent a crosssectional longitudinal view of the tube and an end view, of the waveguide coupler, respectively.
In Fig. 1 the reference numeral 1 denotes the glass container of the schematically represented traveling wave tube, 2 denotes the beam generating system, 3 the input and output coupling arrangements of the tube, 4 is the collector comprising the heat radiating device 5. Numeral 7 denotes the input and output antennas for elfecting the transfer of the HF. energy between the outer circuits and helix 8, which is held in position between the holding bars 6. The inventive coupling arrangement includes a waveguide 9 equipped with the flange 10 that establishes the connection with the outer circuit. The tuning to the most optimum transformation plane is effected by means of the short-circuit slide 11. Perpendicularly to the waveguide there is arranged the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial line, and coaxially in rela- 2,908,843 Patented Oct. 13, 1959 tion thereto the outer conductor 13. As may be seen from the drawing, the input coupling arrangement is identical with the output coupling arrangement. The magnet arrangement 14 may consist of a one piece, coil or permanent magnet. When employing this arrangement it is possible to produce a magnetic field that is homogeneous over the whole length of the electron beam. The inner conductor 12 provides capacitive connection with the outer member of coupling arrangement 3. A similar connection is provided by the narrowed cylindrical portion of the outer conductor 13 of the coaxial line section and the other member of arrangement 3. The rela tionship between the diameter of the outer conductor and that of the inner conductor determines the characteristic impedance of the coam'al line section. It has to be matched to the waveguide, so that the dimensions of the coaxial line section depend upon the dimensions of the waveguide. For obtaining a good wideband matching it isregarded as being particularly advantageous to choose the distance between the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial line section to equal approximately the height 15 of the waveguide, that is the spacing between walls 16 and 17 of the waveguide.
For keeping the inner diameter of the magnet coil as small as possible it is appropriate to also keep the height a of the waveguide as small as possible. In this way there will result a small outer diameter of the coaxial line section.
What is claimed is:
1. In a traveling wave tube comprising an outer insulating envelope of predetermined diameter, a cathode gun at one end of said envelope, a collector electrode at the other end of said envelope, and a helical delay line extending along the length of said envelope substantially to said gun and said collector electrode, an energy transfer coupler for coupling an external circuit to said delay line, comprising a wave guide component substantially perpendicularly positioned with respect to said delay line and located beyond one end thereof, and a coaxial component external of and coaxial with said delay line and coupled to it at said one end, comprising an inner conductor member connected to one wall of said wave guide and extending toward said line, and an outer conductor member spaced axially from said inner conductor member and connected to the opposite wall of said wave guide and extending in coupling relation over one end of said line.
2. In a traveling wave tube according to claim 1, wherein said inner and outer conductor components are spaced radially from each other a distance substantially equal to the spacing between said wave guide walls.
3. The combination according to claim 2, further comprising capacitive coupling elements within the tube envelope for providing capacitive coupling with said inner and outer conductor members, respectively.
4. In a traveling wave tube according to claim 1, having a focusing coil for said traveling wave tube surrounding said envelope and extending beyond the ends of said delay line, the combination wherein said coupler is spaced beyond the end of said focusing coil.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,578,434 Lindenblad Dec. 11, 1951 2,637,775 Lund May 5, 1953 2,730,649 Dewey Jan. 10, 1956 2,802,136 Lindenblad Aug. 6, 1957 2,809,321 Johnson et al. Oct. 8, 1957 2,836,758 Chodorow May 27, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,075,546 France Apr. 14, 1954
US529818A 1953-03-26 1955-08-22 Coupling arrangement for traveling wave tubes Expired - Lifetime US2908843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB328589X 1953-03-26
GB839453A GB755834A (en) 1953-03-26 1953-03-26 Improvements in or relating to the coupling of a helix in a travelling wave tube or the like to a waveguide
GB28268/53A GB762106A (en) 1953-03-26 1953-10-14 Improvements in or relating to travelling wave tubes
GB18181/54A GB787181A (en) 1953-03-26 1954-06-21 Improvements in or relating to travelling wave tubes
DEL19900A DE1001360B (en) 1953-03-26 1954-09-14 Coupling arrangement for traveling tubes

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US2908843A true US2908843A (en) 1959-10-13

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Family Applications (5)

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US407732A Expired - Lifetime US2890370A (en) 1953-03-26 1954-02-02 Travelling wave tubes
US447173A Expired - Lifetime US2824996A (en) 1953-03-26 1954-08-02 Travelling wave tubes
US502811A Expired - Lifetime US2871392A (en) 1953-03-26 1955-04-21 Travelling wave tubes
US529818A Expired - Lifetime US2908843A (en) 1953-03-26 1955-08-22 Coupling arrangement for traveling wave tubes
US530224A Expired - Lifetime US2918593A (en) 1953-03-26 1955-08-24 Traveling wave tubes

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US407732A Expired - Lifetime US2890370A (en) 1953-03-26 1954-02-02 Travelling wave tubes
US447173A Expired - Lifetime US2824996A (en) 1953-03-26 1954-08-02 Travelling wave tubes
US502811A Expired - Lifetime US2871392A (en) 1953-03-26 1955-04-21 Travelling wave tubes

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US530224A Expired - Lifetime US2918593A (en) 1953-03-26 1955-08-24 Traveling wave tubes

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US (5) US2890370A (en)
BE (7) BE529619A (en)
CH (5) CH322461A (en)
DE (4) DE1099093B (en)
FR (13) FR66226E (en)
GB (6) GB742070A (en)
NL (4) NL191459A (en)

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US3062983A (en) * 1959-04-28 1962-11-06 Gen Electric High frequency energy interchange device
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US3032677A (en) * 1959-05-08 1962-05-01 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tubes
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US3134925A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-05-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetic structure for providing smooth uniform magnetic field distribution in traveling wave tubes
US3211947A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-10-12 Bloom Stanley Noise reduction of traveling-wave tubes by circuit refrigeration
US3324337A (en) * 1963-12-02 1967-06-06 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device and focusing means therefor
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JPS5123146B1 (en) * 1970-12-04 1976-07-14
JPS5868846A (en) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-23 バリアン・アソシエイツ・インコ−ポレイテツド Linear beam microwave tube focused by permanent magnet
FR2641899A1 (en) * 1989-01-17 1990-07-20 Thomson Tubes Electroniques ELECTRON GUN WITH AN ACTIVE DEVICE PRODUCING A MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE VICINITY OF THE CATHODE
US5332947A (en) * 1992-05-13 1994-07-26 Litton Systems, Inc. Integral polepiece RF amplification tube for millimeter wave frequencies
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US2730649A (en) * 1950-02-04 1956-01-10 Itt Traveling wave amplifier
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Publication number Publication date
FR66226E (en) 1956-06-05
FR66266E (en) 1956-06-28
GB762106A (en) 1956-11-21
BE541462A (en) 1900-01-01
BE527620A (en) 1900-01-01
DE1001360B (en) 1957-01-24
FR67269E (en) 1958-02-19
NL230187A (en) 1900-01-01
GB787603A (en) 1957-12-11
CH351679A (en) 1961-01-31
BE529619A (en) 1900-01-01
FR69772E (en) 1958-12-30
CH336509A (en) 1959-02-28
GB799236A (en) 1958-08-06
FR66255E (en) 1956-06-28
NL200402A (en) 1900-01-01
GB831514A (en) 1960-03-30
CH322461A (en) 1957-06-15
CH334859A (en) 1958-12-15
BE532535A (en) 1900-01-01
GB836219A (en) 1960-06-01
FR67270E (en) 1958-02-19
FR68866E (en) 1958-06-11
BE539158A (en) 1900-01-01
FR73991E (en) 1960-10-31
GB742070A (en) 1955-12-21
NL200290A (en) 1900-01-01
DE1108336B (en) 1961-06-08
FR70719E (en) 1959-07-10
FR73056E (en) 1960-09-22
US2890370A (en) 1959-06-09
DE1109272B (en) 1961-06-22
US2824996A (en) 1958-02-25
NL191459A (en) 1900-01-01
BE541278A (en) 1900-01-01
DE1099093B (en) 1961-02-09
CH328589A (en) 1958-03-15
US2918593A (en) 1959-12-22
FR72041E (en) 1960-03-21
FR69376E (en) 1958-11-06
BE570152A (en) 1900-01-01
FR73213E (en) 1960-09-23
US2871392A (en) 1959-01-27

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