US2908119A - Tool for externally truing and honing cylindrical workpieces - Google Patents

Description

. Oct. 13, 1959 DUDGEQN 2,908,119

TOOL FOR EXTERNALLY TRUING AND HONING CYLINDRICAL WORKPIECES Filed Aug. 15, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 69 Frank M. Dudgeon INVENTOR.

BY grim United States Patent Office 2,908,119 Patented Oct. 13, 1959 TOOL FOR EXTERNALLY TRUING HONING CYLINDRICAL WORK EC'ES Frank M. Dudg n. B ttsbura, Ka s- Application A gust. 15, 1 .8,. r a N 7 ,346

12 Claims. (Cl. 51724.1)

This invention relates to certain .new and useful improvements in a simple, practical. and expedient tool hav, ing mechanical expedients embodied therein which, when properly adjusted: and used, serve .to abrade and finish the external. surfaces of a cylindrical workpiece to true roundness.

Stated along similar lines, but resorting to a slightly diiferent line of approach, the present concept has to do with an external honing tool for precision-finishing to true roundness and cross-sectional dimension the outside diameter of cylindrical stock such as may be constructed of abradable material, for example, metal, glass, ceramics, commercial plastics and so on.

As the. preceding general introduction implies, finishing of cylindrical workpieces by special portable manual.- ly usable honing tools is a wellrknown art. The fact is, many and varied styles and forms of tools and instrumentalities (generally known as. external hones, outside diameter 'hones, laps, finishing tools and so on) have been devised .and successfully used, depending :on the. users point of view, for honing needs. Prior art tools have certain :features. and advantages and disadvantages too.

However, 'the common objective cis,- generally speaking, to generate a geometrically true cylinder with a smooth exterior. surface. However, and to persons skilled in the art to which the invention relates, it is generally :wellknown that different materials, aswell asdilferent grades vofmaterials, actually require .dilferent geometrical spacing of the circumferentially spaced honing elements in relation to. the peripheral surface of the workpiece if optimum honing results are toube attained. For example, it has been ascertained by youriapplicantithat very narrow abrasive stones, alternatively honing elements, remove stock from the workpiece. surface much faster. and do not glaze or become loaded with cuttings from the workpiece as do honing elementsthat utilize or rely upon broad or wide contact with the'sur-faces which are to be honed.

Keeping in mindtthe above given picture, it is an bgiectrin the instantmatter to provide members of the publicwith a structurally distinct and reliable honing tool with which a user thereof can, in a single operation, generate a geometrically true cylindrical external surface of requisite superlative finish on a shaft, either cylindrical or tubular, or an equivalent workpiece having a cylindrical cross-section.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tool ofthe type and character under consideration which is ch r t ze by a r adi y and rap dl i perah e t ed-1 p wh h functions o enable the pener to Qui k r mov much o the r ughnes om th workpie es surface a d whi h mak s sui a e: pro isi or neadiu ms t ne by way of wh ch the oper to ma sa sfa t r l ca outis a m when the basins ia is nea y c mp ed.

11 is equa y mportant t strssa 'an objec ive t e t c that the concept has to do with a honing tool which, th ughi is suit s mp e mechani al sn a nsyis qui y ,adiusta l to a ommod .aaainliai numbe o wo ks 2. piecesof-varying diameters ranging from A0 inch. to 2%. inches in diameter.

It is a still further object; of theinvention .to. provide a tool wherein a feed-up device or means, which. is em: bodied therein, ischaracterized by a rotatable turret-like anvil or shoe, the-latter provided with, a plurality ofv open: ended channels or grooves, each groove being of av ferent cross-section or size, and each servingas a feedsup shoe for. a range of diameters of workpieces,-that-xis workpieces which may be classed: as. extending overa wide range of sizes.

Another object of invention is to provide a tool oi above described. character constructed withv a novel are rangement of honing elements whereby a. single set of such elements may be arranged in any required manner to accommodate workpieces. of any diameter within the range, of the tool and also provide the correct geometrical spacing of honingelements, around perimeter of work;- piece for compatability to its individual character and ops timum honing efliciency.

Novelty is also predicated on atoolor device. which is such in construction that it makes practical the use of inexpensive honing elements, that is, more or lessstanda ard abrasive sticks which are square in cross section and whi h are commonly stocked and are available as easily procurable items here, there and everywhere.

Statedsomewhat more specifically, in carrying out the co cep I provide a toolwhich adapts itself to the appropriation and; use thereonaof standard stock abrasive sticks, thecorners of which may be arranged to be brought into working contact with the-peripheral surface of the workpiece and, as the corners are wornaway, the. stiek; or element may be turned one-quarterof a to bring a new honing surface .Or corner'into. contact .with

the WQrkpieco, such turning stages. of the honing ele! rnents or sticks b ing repe ted until all four corners have been used, thusgiving four times the service life of" such honin e ments- Then too, I contemplate the provision of a tool which may be'used to honestationary workpieces held in :a vise "by oscillating the'too'l back and forth .or rotating it around the workpiece lav-hand or, which makes. posto designate like parts: throughout the views:

Fig. 1 is a, perspective view of atool for externally turningand-honingwoylindrical workpieces constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention and showing the manner in which it may be used.

Fig. 2 isa view in section and-elevation with the workpiece appearing in phantom lines and which may be said to be taken approximately on the plane of the 1ine=;2..2 of Fig. 1,-looking in the direction of thearrows.

Fig. 3 is a top plan View of the tool with the workpiece removed.

Figs. 4., 5 and 6 are fragmentary'views in sectionand elevation taken-on the vertical lines 5-5. and 6.6, respectively of Fig. 2.

Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of the turret-type rotatable bronze or equivalent workpiecetabutment or anvil and'a standard type abrasive stick respectively.

Referring now to the-drawing and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the tool is characterized, speaking :iriterms of generalities, by a frame 10 characterized :by anarm :12 f the eneral s haped a se tion seen in Fig. 6. More spe i cally th arm Pro id d at t .1 r.a1 portion with an elongated slot 14, in its top with a keying groove 16 which is open at the right hand end in Fig. 2 and provided at the bottom with a similar keying groove 18. The groove 16 serves to accommodate a keying rib 20 formed on the bottom of a block-like carrier or first jaw 22. There is a vertical screw-threaded socket 24 (Fig. 2) in the bottom to accommodate the screw-threaded shank 26 of an assembling and retaining bolt, the head on the lower end of which is denoted at 28. This head serves to accommodate a suitable turning handle 30. A block-like collar or washer is interposed between the bolt head and the arm as at 32 and has a portion 34 extending up into and slidably keyed in the keying groove 18. This construction makes it possible to bodily shift the jaw or carrier 22 back and forth on the grooved arm 12 in an obvious manner. The vertical work confronting surface of the block or jaw has an open-ended cut-out forming a recess or pocket 36. It is in this pocket that the insertable and removable and adjustableand interchangeable abradant or abrasive elements are pocketed and used. Take for example the showing seen in the drawing there is an upper standard abrasive stick 38 and a lower one 40 which is opposed in spaced parallelism thereto permitting the edge or corner portions 41 and 42, respectively, to be used against the peripheral surface of the stock or workpiece A. To accomplish this abrasive sticks are held in position by selectively usable shims,

that is, shims 43 between the bottom of the recess and the bottom stick, additional shims between the two sticks themselves, and a follower plate 45 which is located in the upper portion of the recess and interposed between the top of the recess and the top side of the upper stick 38.

This follower is provided with an assembling and guide pin 46 which is fitted up into a socket provided therefor in the top portion 47 of the block. This top portion is also provided with screw-threaded holes to accommodate setscrews 48 which assist in levelling and holding the follower or pad in position. The right hand end portion of the arm is bifurcated and the furcations are denoted at 50 and they straddle a narrowed web or shank portion 52 at the median part of the pivotally mounted second jaw 53. Thus the jaw 22 is the first jaw and the jaw 53 is the second jaw. The shank is hingedly or .pivotally mounted on a suitable pivot pin 54 mounted in the furcations as shown in Fig. 1.

V The lower part 56 of .the jaw depends in proximity to a downwardly offset portion 57 of the over-all frame. This portion 57 has an upstanding terminal end portion 58 which terminates on a plane just about even with the lower or bottom sides of the furcations 50. This terminal portion is suitably provided with a screw-threaded hole 60 to accommodatingly mount a cooperating part of a micrometer 61 carrying a stop 62 which is engageable with the cooperating surface of the lower end portion 56 of the jaw 53.

The upper portion of this jaw is provided with an openended cut-out 63 which is three-quarters of a circle in cross-section and provides a bearing for reception and.

retention of the insertable and removable brass, bronze -or equivalent turret-type anvil or abutment 64. The end portions of this anvil extend beyond the vertical sides of the upper part 66 of the jaw. A setscrew 67 is mounted in a hole provided therefor as seen in Fig. 2 and the shank is adapted to extend into the circumferentially spaced depressions 68 formed in the surface of the anvil or abutment 64. The abutment is preferably tubular or hollow and it is provided with circumferentially spaced selectively usable open-ended grooves or channels all of which are conveniently denoted by the numeral 69 and each channel providing spaced parallel work-contacting edge portions 70. However, there are three such channels ,shown and they each vary in cross-section or size so that it is posslble to accommodate a wide range of work requirements as already touched upon.

With reference now in particular to Fig. 2 attention is directed to the feed-up hand-screw 72 having a suitable (5 principles of the invention.

handle 74. The shank portion 76 of this screw, screws into a screw-threaded socket 78 provided therefor in a rotatably mounted tum-pin 80 mounted in the arm at the juncture of the furcations with the grooved portion of the arm. A suitably angled and shaped pocket or recess is provided at 82 for the portion 84 of the screw. Also, sockets are provided to accommodate the coil spring 86 which cooperates with the screw, all in the manner depicted in Fig. 2.

In using the tool it is generally thought to be advisable, and perhaps necessary to make adjustment of the honing elements 38 and 40. This can be accomplished by lifting the pad or follower plate 45 by way of ad justment of the clamping screws 48 which are mounted and used for that purpose. It is then necessary to properly space the honing elements by rearrangement of the spacing blocks and shims for compatability to the diameter and particular character of the workpiece. In addition, the user backs off the clamping bolt 28 and makes proper sliding adjustment of the carrier or socalled first jaw 22, that is, in relation to the arm 12. Now the clamping bolt (26 and 28) is tightened to retain the block or jaw 22 where wanted. Then, the user retracts the screw 67 and rotates the turret anvil 64 to bring the proper channel or groove to correct geometrical relationship to the honing elements 38 and 40 and then tightens the screw 67 accordingly. Retraction of the hand-screw 72 causes the spring 86 to move the rocker arm or jaw 53 and the feed-up or abutment shoe or anvil 64 away from the honing elements thus permitting the honing tool to be applied radially to the workpiece.

Obviously, with the workpiece thus disposed between the feed-up shoe and the honing elements, to perform a honing operation it is necessary to tighten the feed-up screw 72 until the work is clamped between the properly selected clamping edges 70 of the chosen channel or groove. Then, screw in the micrometer until the spindle contacts the lower end portion 56 of the rocker arm or jaw 53, note the micrometer reading and back off the spindle same amount as the amount of stock which is to be removed from the workpiece. Now, set the workpiece into rotation and tighten the hand-screw slowly 'until the jaw 53 contacts the micrometer spindle. At this point roughing has been completed and final finishing begins by utilizing the micrometer as the fine feed-up adjustment, backing the micrometer off in very fine increments and tightening the feed-up hand-screw in like amounts until the desired size and finish are obtained.

It is to be stressed again at this point that novelty is thought to reside in the turret-type feed-up arrangement and mode and means ofemployment of inexpensive .abrasive sticks in a manner so that they may be geometrically arranged about the periphery of the workpiece for greatest compatability to its particular characteristics and optimum honing efficiency, a honing tool so designed and constructed that it may be applied radially to the workpiece and a single honing tool that will accommodate workpieces ranging from A of an inch to 2% inches in diameter.

It is to be further mentioned that novelty is predicated on a tool which is infinitely adjustable for both the production of a desired diameter and an accurate and reliable surface. finish on a variety of workpieces of varying diameters ranging from very small to the maximum capacity of the tool by simple manipulation and adjustment of the components incorporated therein and provided for their individual as well as collective purposes.

It is obvious that the invention is such in construction that it may be used on any machine with rotary motion such as a lathe, mill, drill press, bone or polishing head. Also, it may be used by hand to smooth up bearing areas on similar work.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled-in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to. exact construction and Operation shown, and described, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalents-may be resorted to, falling within the scope oflthe invention as claimed.

Wh'atiscIaimed as new is as follows:

7 I. For use in abrading and finishing the external abradablesurface of a workpiece which is cylindricalin crosssectionand reducing said surface to true roundness; an abrading and t ming hone comprising a frame having a straight elongated arm, a first jaw wholly supported and slidinglymounted oncsaid arm, said jaw having a face at right angles to. the long axis of said arm and adapted to confront a segmental portion of the peripheral surface of the workpiece which is to be acted upon, a second jaw hingedly mounted'on one end of said arm and opposed to the first jaw, said jaws being adapted to permit the workpiece to. be removably inserted and clampingly held between said jaws, changeable abradant means operatively mounted on the working side of the first jaw, and an. anvil mounted adjustably on the working side ofsaid second jaw, said anvil being located opposite to said abradant means.

2. For use in abrading and finishing external abradable surfaces of a workpiece which is cylindrical'in cross section, a surface-abrading and truing tool comprising a frame a first jaw mounted for operation on said frame and: havinga work confronting side provided with adjustable abrasive elements, a second jaw opposed in spaced relation tov the first jaw and hingedly mounted on said frame; said second jaw having a portion projecting above I theframe and formed with an openended bearing, an

insertable and removable turret-type workpiece abutment constituting a shoe and mounted in said bearing, said abutment being cylindrical in cross-section and provided on its peripheral surface with circumferentially spaced open-ended grooves, said grooves each being of a difierent cross-section, and the surface portions also having circumferentially spaced recesses, and a setscrew carried by said jaw and cooperable with said recesses to allow the shoe to oscillate but to prevent it from being displaced from the bearing in an endwise direction.

3. The structure defined in claim 2 and in combination, a mierometered stop mounted on said frame and cooperable with a lower swingable end portion of a pivotally mounted jaw.

4. The structure defined in claim 2 and in combination, a micrometered stop mounted on said frame and cooperable with a lower swingable end portion of a pivotally mounted jaw, said frame being provided with a turn pin having a screw-threaded socket, a spring-biased bolt mounted for rotation and reciprocation in means provided therefor in said pivotally mounted jaw in a position below the plane of said bearing and having a screwthreaded shank engaged adjustably with said socket.

5. For use in abrading and finishing the external abradable surface of a workpiece which is cylindrical in crosssection and reducing said surface to true roundness; an abrading and truing hone comprising a frame having a straight elongated arm, a first jaw wholly supported and slidingly mounted on said arm, said jaw having a face at right angles to the long axis of said arm and adapted to confront a segmental portion of the peripheral surface of the workpiece which is to be acted upon, a second jaw hingedly mounted on one end of said arm and opposed to the first jaw, said jaws being adapted to permit the workpiece to be removably inserted and clampingly held between said jaws, changeable abradant means operatively mounted on the working side of the first jaw, and an anvil mounted adjustably on the working side of said second jaw, said anvil-being located opposite to said abradant means, said abradant means embodying a pair of spaced parallel abrasive sticks which are both adjustably and removably mounted in their intended operative position, said anvil comprising a shoe which is cylindrical in crosssection and which is provided on aperipheral surface with at least one longitudinal groove, saidgroove'providing spaced parallel edges which are adapted to contact and bear against the adjacent cooperating peripheral surface of the workpiece at circumferentially spaced points of contact.

6. The structure defined in claim 1 and wherein said abrasive sticks are rectangular in cross-section, making it possible to axially rotate and adjust the sticks in such a manner that each corner of each stick may be employed until its serviceability has been adequately expended.

7. For use in abrading and refinishing the external abradable surface of a workpiece which is cylindrical in crosssection and reducing said surface to true roundness; an abrading and truing hone comprising a frame having an arm, a first jaw carried by said arm and having .a face adapted to confront .a segmental portion of the. peripheral surface of the workpiece which is to be acted upon, a second jaw also carried'by said. arm and opposed to the first jaw, said jaws being adapted to permit the workpiece to be radially removably inserted and. clampingly held between said jaws, abradant means provided on the working side of the first jaw, and an anvil provided on the working side of said second jaw, said anvil being located opposite to said abradant means, seaid abradant, means embodying a pair of spaced parallel abrasive sticks adjustably and removably mounted, said anvil comprising a shoe cylindrical in cross-section and having at least one longitudinal groove providing spaced'parallel edges adapted to contact and bear against the adjacent'cooperating peripheral surfaces of said workpiece, said sticks being rectangular in cross-section, making it possible to progressively use each corner until its serviceability-has been expended, said anvil shoe being removably and rotatably mounted and having its peripheral surface provided with circumferentially spaced longitudinally extending grooves, said grooves being selectively usable and each groove being of a cross-section different from the cross-section of the next adjacent groove.

8. For use in abrading and finishing external surfaces of a workpiece which lend themselves to abrading and wherein said workpiece is cylindrical in cross-section, an abrading and trui-ng tool radially adaptable and applicable to said workpiece comprising, in combination, a frame embodying an arm, a first jaw lateral to said arm and clampingly mounted and adjustable longitudinally along the arm, the working surface of said jaw being provided with a pair of upper and lower spaced parallel abrasive sticks, mechanical manually regulatable means whereby said sticks may be mounted for operation on said jaw, said means mounting the sticks to be moved close to or farther from each other, said means being further such that the sticks may be bodily removed and rotated axially so that any one of the four corner portions thereof may be brought into play for workpiece abrading requirements, and a second jaw mounted for operation on said arm and opposed to the first named jaw, the side of said second jaw opposite to said abrading sticks being provided with a metal workpiece contacting member and adapted to contact the workpiece diametrically opposite to the point of contact between the abrasive sticks and workpiece, said second jaw being pivotally mounted, said member comprising a turret-type rotatably mounted anvil.

9. For use in abrading and finishing external surfaces of a workpiece which lend themselves to abrading and wherein said workpiece is cylindrical in cross-section, an abrading and truin g tool radially adaptable and applicable to said workpiece comprising, in combination, a frame embodying an arm, a first jaw lateral to said arm and clam'pingly mounted and adjustable longitudinally along the arm, the working surface of said jaw being provided with a pair of upper and lower spaced parallel abrasive sticks, mechanical manually regulatable means whereby said sticks may be mounted for operation on said jaw, said means mounting the sticks to be moved close to or farther from each other, said means being further such and a second jaw mounted for operation on said arm and opposed to the first named jaw, the side of said second jaw opposite to said abrading sticks being provided with a Imetal workpiece contacting member and adapted to contact the workpiece diametrically opposite to the point of :contact between the abrasive sticks and workpiece, said second jaw being pivotally mounted, said member comprising a turret-type rotatably mounted anvil, said anvil being cylindrical in cross-section and the peripheral surface thereof being provided with open-ended selectively usable circumferentially spaced grooves, said second jaw having a bearing in which said member is removably and rotatably mounted.

10. For use in abrading and finishing external abradable sur'faces of a workpiece cylindrical in cross-section, a surface abrading and truing tool comprising a frame embodying a rigid elongated arm provided with an elongated slot, in its top with a keying groove opening through one end of the arm and provided in its bottom with a similar keying groove, a first jaw having'a bottom portion slidingly and removably mounted in the top keying groove in said arm and having a working surface rising at right angles in relation to the lengthwise axis of said arm, a bolt removably and adjustably connected with the bottom ;of said jaw and operable in the slot and having a collar associated therewith, said collar being keyed and slidably mounted in the keying groove in the bottom of said arm, said work confronting surface having a recess therein defining a pocket, insertable and removable as well as adjustable and interchangeable abradant elements remov- 7 8 ably and adjustably mounted in said recess, a second jaw having a work-surface opposed to the work surface of the first named jaw and having a lower end hingedly mounted on one end of said arm, and an insertable and removable turret-type workpiece abutment, said abutment being cylindrical in crosssection and removably and adjustably mounted on the work surface of said second jaw and having at least one longitudinal groove providing spaced parallel edges which are adapted to contactand bear against adjacent cooperating peripheral surfaces of said workpiece when the workpiece is between the jaws and held on one side against the abrasive elements and on the other side against the parallel edges of said groove.

11. The structure defined in claim 10 and, in combination, a micrometered stop mounted on the last named end of said arm and operatively cooperable with the lower hinged end portion of the second named jaw.

12. The structure defined in claim 11 and, in combination, a spring biased bolt mounted for rotation and 'reciprocation and means provided therefor on the second named jaw above the hinge point of said jaw, said bolt having operating and adjustable connection with means provided therefor at an adjacent end portion of said arm.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

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