Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
  • D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
  • D06M11/26—Halides of elements of Groups 7 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
  • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
  • D06M11/56—Sulfates or thiosulfates other than of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
  • D06M11/67—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with cyanogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with cyanhydric acid, cyanic acid, isocyanic acid, thiocyanic acid, isothiocyanic acid or their salts, or with cyanamides; with carbamic acid or its salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/152—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen having a hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/21—Nylon

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the production of aerated synthetic fibres,-, panticnlarly such fibres of the ,n lyamide, .polyes e an p lx o itr yp 'Itjis generally known, that fibers consisting ofregenstated, cellulosehave a substantially higher thermal con- .ductivity incomparison with native cellulose fibers, and @1181 the heat insulating capacity of garments, which are made offregenerated cellulose "fibers, is accordingly only In order to overcome thisdrawback, it has already .been, proposed to provide heat-insulating voids within the regenerated cellulose fibers, and such methods have been reportedin the--literature in several instances.
• offthosemethods a spinning composition having finely divided gasbubbles suspended therein is produced by either-adding gas evolving substancesgto the spinning solution or by directly aerating saidsolution-with air or another gas, and then coagulating the formed dispersionduring the spinning operation.
• gas evolving substances gto the spinning solution or by directly aerating saidsolution-with air or another gas
• coagulating the formed dispersionduring the spinning operation Generally the gas'is only -liberated from the gas evolving;substance'after the spinning composition emerges from the spin-neret.
• some suitable solid or liquid-substance- is added to-.:tl'1e sp-inningsolution, which substance is subsequently dissolvedout -of the filaments, whereby fine hollow spaces are formed withinthe *fibers.
• Another object. of the. invention. is, to, provide 7 means ,contribnting-totthe manufacture. of; aerated. fully synthetic or-chemical fibres, Whidtaemtfid fiberswill have unbroken surfaces.
• The. ully, ynthe iafibers whi h may h reated by the .nra e io h iin ention.
• a r at varie y of oth. inorganic. n san csubstances can be .use d as swelling agent;
• suitable compounds are, chl'oroacetic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, mineral acids, saturated salt solutions, chlorarhydrate solution, phenols,. g lycols etc. Itis understood, that. the particular chosen swelling agent will depend'on the type of synthetic fibers used. Thus for polyamide fibers chloroacetic acid, acetic acid, formic acid and mixtures thereofhave been found particularlysuit- Patented Sept. 22, 1959 able.
• polyester fibers hydrpxlyic compounds such as phenol; canjbe conveniently used; Forjfi bers ofjthe polyacrylonitrile type, e. g an ethanolic solution of calcium thiocyanate was foundjto be suitable.
• the employed catalyst serves to accelerate the rate of decomposition of the peroxides within the fibres.
• the fibers which may have been previously dried are treated either in filament form or inf'orm of fabric or tissues successively with-a suitabl swelling agent, 'with, a catalyst for promotingthe decomposition of peroxides. and a] peroxy-compound, preferably hydrogen peroxide;
• the individualsteps of the process can be carried out at room temperature or alternatively, at elevated: temperature.
• fiber-s arficonveniently. immersed in diluted aceticacid after. the peroxide treatment for a short period of.
• the gas or oxygen bubbles evolve, and voids are generatedwithin the fibrillae of the fibers.v
• the inflation of the fibers can be controlled as to different degrees by forming smaller or largerbubbles, by ernploying predetermined concentrationsofthereagents -or-by change .ofithe pH value of the treatment baths. Despite the inflation of the full synthetic fiberstructurebymeans of smaller or larger bubbles, the structureitself'and-the Wallsanclsurfacesthereof will not bedestroyed or broken.
• the volume of the fibers is thus substantially increased, resulting in improved heat insulating properties, a lower specific gravity and a higher covering power of said fibers.
• the numerous internal curved interfaces of the fibrillae further result in; increased difiusion of the, refiected; light, whereby a subdued, lustre is conferred upon the fibers.
• Example A sample of "6 nylon fibers undelustered) is swelled for 1 minute in 70% aqueous chloroacetic acid,
• the sample is washed for a short time with water and pulled through a 2% solution of caustic soda.
• the fibers are then treated for minutes with hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength, the 6 nylon, which is soaked with the solution of the catalyst, being strongly puffed up by the decomposing hydrogen peroxide during this operation. After removal from the peroxide bath the sample is washed several times with water and dried.
• the fibers have now a delustered appearance, and when they are examined under the microscope, they show a multiplicity of elongated bubbles or voids, particularly along the fiber axis.
• Example 3 A sample of "6 nylon fibers is swelled for 1 minute in 70% aqueous chloroacetic acid, washed with water and subsequently treated for 2 minutes with a 2% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. After washing out the excess catalyst, the sample is immersed for 5 minutes in a aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, rinsed and dipped into a bath of hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength. After 8 minutes it is removed therefrom, washed and dried.
• Example 4 A sample of 6 nylon fibers is swelled for 20 minutes in a mixture of 85 parts of acetic acid and parts of formic acid. The fibers are then dipped into a 10% solution of manganous chloride in hydrochloric acid and left therein for 3 minutes. The sample is then treated with a solution of sodium peroxide in hydrochloric acid. After 3 minutes the fibers are washed with cold water, centrifuged and dried. The fibers show big spherical bubbles or voids.
• Example 5 A sample of 66 nylon fibers is swelled for 1 minute in a mixture of 35 parts of formic acid and 65 parts of acetic acid. After removal of the excess swelling agent, the fibers are treated for 2 minutes with a 1% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.
• the sample is then shortly washed with water, treated for 3 minutes with a 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, washed again with water and finally dipped for 5 minutes into a bath containing hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength. It is then rinsed and dried.
• Example 6 A 2 gm. sample of 66 nylon is swelled for 1 minute in a mixture of 35 parts of formic acid and 65 parts of acetic acid. After removal of the excess swelling agent, the fibers are treated for 2 minutes with a 10% aqueous solution of manganous sulphate. After the fibers have been washed for a short time with water, they are immersed for 3 minutes into a 10% solution of caustic soda, washed again with water and finally dipped for 5 minutes into hydrogen peroxide of 30% strength. The excess hydrogen peroxide is thoroughly washed out with water, and the sample is dried at 60 C. The fibers show a grained appearance and are greatly interspersed with fusiform voids.
• Example 7 A hank (11 g.) of 66 nylon is swelled for 2 minutes in 200 cc. of glacial acetic acid. The excess swelling agent is then squeezed out and the hank is dipped into 300 cc. of a 0.1% aqueous potassium permanganate solution. After seconds it is removed therefrom, rinsed for a short time with water and immersed for 3 minutes into a bath containing 250 cc. of a 5% sodium hydroxide solution. The hank is subsequently thoroughly washed, squeezed out and treated with 300 cc. of hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength. After 10 minutes the hank is thoroughly washed with water and dried.
• Example 8 A sample of 6 nylon fibers (undelustered) is swelled for Z'min'utes in glacial acetic acid. -The excess swelling agent is then squeezed out and the fibers are immersed for 10 minutes in a 10% aqueous solution of cobaltous sulphate. The fibers are then placed for 3 minutes in a 2% solution of caustic soda, washed with water and treated with hydrogen peroxide 'of 35% strength. The vigorous reaction, which sets in immediately, subsides after 3 minutes, whereupon the sample is removed from the bath, rinsed several times with water, freed from adhering water in the centrifuge and dried. The individual fibers have a delustered appearance which is due to the many very fine bubbles or voids.
• Example 9 A 6 nylon fabric is swelled for 5 minutes in a mixture of 15 parts of concentrated formic acid and parts of glacial acetic acid. It is then freed from excess swelling agent and immersed for 2 minutes in a 1% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. After shortly washing the piece of fabric with water, it is dipped for 5 minutes in to a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, washed, centrifuged and finally treated with hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength. After 3 minutes the fabric is removed from the hydrogen peroxide bath, is placed for 2 minutes in acetic acid of 10% strength, whereby it assumes a pure white appearance. It is then rinsed with water and dried.
• Example 10 A sample of Terylene fibers is swelled in phenol for a few minutes at a temperature of about 50 C. The excess swelling agent is then washed out with acetone and the fibers are dipped for 5 minutes into a 1% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. The sample is centrifuged, placed for 2 minutes in a 2% solution of caustic soda and subsequently in hydrogen peroxide of 35% strength. When the reaction has subsided, the fibers are washed several times with water and dried. The voids within the fibers, which are generated by the above treatment, can be easily observed under the microscope.
• Example 11 A sample of Orlon fibers is swelled for 3 minutes in a saturated ethanolic solution of calcium thiocyanate and then shortly Washed with water.
• the fibers are subsequently placed into a 4% ho aqueous solution of potassium permanganate, rinsed again with water and pulled through a 5% solution of caustic soda.
• the sample is again washed with Water and then treated with hydrogen peroxide of 40% strength, which has been warmed to 70 C. The treatment is continued for 10 minutes, whereupon the fibers are rinsed and dried.
• a method of manufacture of aerated synthetic hydrophobic polyamide fibres of polyhexamethyleneadipamide and poly 5 aminocaproic acid comprising the steps of treating said fibres for between 1 minute to about 20 minutes with an aqueous solution containing a swelling agent, said swelling agent consisting of at least one member of the group consisting of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and formic acid, washing said fibres to remove any excess swelling agent therefrom, treating said fibres with an oxygen generating catalyst consisting of approximately a 1% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate for about 1 minute until said fibres show an intense violet color, washing said fibres with water until the fibres are a pale rose color, immersing the fibres in a solution of about 40% hydrogen peroxide for about 5 minutes until said hydrogen peroxide is decomposed under the influence of said catalyst evolving gas bubbles inflating said fibres without breaking the walls and surfaces of said fibres and thus creating voids in said fibres.
• a method of manufacture of aerated synthetic hydrophobic polyamide fibres of polyhexamethyleneadipamide and poly 5 aminocaproic acid comprising the steps of treating said fibres for between 1 minute to about 20 minutes with an aqueous solution containing a swelling agent, said swelling agent consisting of at least one member of the group consisting of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and formic acid, washing said fibres to remove any excess swelling agent therefrom, treating said fibres for between 1 minute to about minutes in a solution containing about 0.1 to 10% of an oxygen generating catalyst selected from the group consisting of permanganates, manganous salts and cobaltous salts, and immersing said fibres for up to about 3 to 10 minutes in a solution of about to concentration of a peroxide compound selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxide and hydrogen peroxide, until said peroxide compound is decomposed under the influence of said catalyst evolving gas bubbles inflating said fibres without breaking the walls and surfaces of said fibres and thus creating voids in said fibre

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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Cited By (13)

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• 0
  • BE BE540128D patent/BE540128A/xx unknown
• 1955
  • 1955-06-28 DE DEF17812A patent/DE1006385B/de active Pending
  • 1955-07-27 GB GB21660/55A patent/GB795585A/en not_active Expired
  • 1955-08-11 US US527889A patent/US2904840A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1955-11-21 FR FR1135685D patent/FR1135685A/fr not_active Expired

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