US2901408A - Coating method - Google Patents
Coating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2901408A US2901408A US227935A US22793551A US2901408A US 2901408 A US2901408 A US 2901408A US 227935 A US227935 A US 227935A US 22793551 A US22793551 A US 22793551A US 2901408 A US2901408 A US 2901408A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- beryllium
- specimen
- coating
- copper
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of protectively coating beryllium metal and more particularly to a method for applying a protective layer of chromium to beryllium metal.
- beryllium The nuclear and physical properties of beryllium are such that it has been used extensively in nuclear reactors and further extensive use of this material seems quite probable.
- a proposed application is the moderating material in liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors. In this application, however, some method must be found for protecting the beryllium since liquid metals such as the alkali metals and their alloys which are being considered as coolants attack beryllium at the elevated temperatures at which such reactors will operate.
- sodium zincate a solution containing 500 grams of sodium hydroxide and 100 grams of zinc oxide per liter
- a copper plate was then applied to the specimen by plating it for 3 minutes in a cyanide-copper plating bath. After rinsing with cold water, the specimen was chrome plated in a 100-1 chromic acid-sulfate plating bath until a layer of about 0.5 mil of chrome was obtained.
- the zinc and copper layers were not. evident in micro examination of a section of the plated sample indicating that they must have alloyed with the beryllium during the testing process. It was not possible to mechanically peel the plated layer from the beryllium.
- beryllium which is excessively corroded should be etched in 1-1 hydrochloric acid prior to the immersion in the chemical cleaning solution which comprised the first step of the above example. If a uniform and adherent coating of zinc is obtained in the first immersion of the beryllium in the sodium zincate solution, the nitric acid immersion and the second sodium zincate immersion may be eliminated.
- a zinc phosphate solution has been used instead of the sodium zincate but has not proved to be quite as satisfactory and the sodium zincate treatment is recomended.
- the copper plate may be applied in any bath that will give a bright flash of copper over the zinc layer.
- the copper layer is absolutely necessary to obtain a satisfactory coating of chromium.
- a copper layer of about 0.1 mil appears satisfactory.
- other types of chrome plating baths are satisfactory. The only criteria is that a dense and uniform coating of chrome of from about 0.15 to 0.5 mil be obtained over the copper layer.
- a method of protectively coating beryllium metal which comprises the steps of etching said metal in an acid bath, immersing the etched beryllium in a solution of sodium zincate for a brief period of time, immersing the beryllium in concentrated nitric acid, immersing the beryllium in a second solution of sodium zincate, electroplating a thin layer of copper over said beryllium, and finally electroplating a layer of chromium over said copper layer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
United States Patent COATING METHOD Raymond G. Townsend, Scotia, N.Y., assiguor to the United States of America as represented by the United States Atomic Energy Commission N0 Drawing. Application May 23, 1951 Serial No. 227,935
1 Claim. (Cl. 204-38) This invention relates to a method of protectively coating beryllium metal and more particularly to a method for applying a protective layer of chromium to beryllium metal.
The nuclear and physical properties of beryllium are such that it has been used extensively in nuclear reactors and further extensive use of this material seems quite probable. A proposed application is the moderating material in liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors. In this application, however, some method must be found for protecting the beryllium since liquid metals such as the alkali metals and their alloys which are being considered as coolants attack beryllium at the elevated temperatures at which such reactors will operate.
It is an object of this invention to form a protective coating upon beryllium metal. It is a further object to form a firmly bonded protective coating upon beryllium metal. A still further object is to form a non-porous coating upon beryllium that will resist the corrosive attack of liquid metals at elevated temperatures.
These objects are accomplished in the present invention by applying a chromium plate to the beryllium. The following example gives a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Example: A test specimen of beryllium 2 inches long and k inch in diameter was prepared. This specimen was chemically etched for 2 minutes in a bath maintained at 110 F. and containing orthophosphoric acid 85% by weight, chromic anhydride 7% by weight and sulfuric acid (concentrated) 8% by weight. The specimen was then rinsed in cold water and immersed for 30 seconds in a solution of sodium zincate (a solution containing 500 grams of sodium hydroxide and 100 grams of zinc oxide per liter) at 100 F. The specimen was again rinsed in cold water and immersed for seconds in 60% nitric acid. Following another rinse in cold Water, the specimen was again immersed in sodium zincate solution for 30 seconds and rinsed again in cold water. A copper plate was then applied to the specimen by plating it for 3 minutes in a cyanide-copper plating bath. After rinsing with cold water, the specimen was chrome plated in a 100-1 chromic acid-sulfate plating bath until a layer of about 0.5 mil of chrome was obtained.
2,901,408 Patented Aug. 25, 1959 This specimen was placed in a bath of liquid sodium at 500 C. for one month. It was found that the specimen during this period had gained weight to the extent of only 0.02 mg./cm. /month which was so slight as to be within the limits of allowable weighing error.
The zinc and copper layers were not. evident in micro examination of a section of the plated sample indicating that they must have alloyed with the beryllium during the testing process. It was not possible to mechanically peel the plated layer from the beryllium.
While the foregoing example illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be apparent that it may be departed from in some respects. For example, beryllium which is excessively corroded should be etched in 1-1 hydrochloric acid prior to the immersion in the chemical cleaning solution which comprised the first step of the above example. If a uniform and adherent coating of zinc is obtained in the first immersion of the beryllium in the sodium zincate solution, the nitric acid immersion and the second sodium zincate immersion may be eliminated. A zinc phosphate solution has been used instead of the sodium zincate but has not proved to be quite as satisfactory and the sodium zincate treatment is recomended.
The copper plate may be applied in any bath that will give a bright flash of copper over the zinc layer. However, it has been found that the copper layer is absolutely necessary to obtain a satisfactory coating of chromium. A copper layer of about 0.1 mil appears satisfactory. It has also been found that other types of chrome plating baths are satisfactory. The only criteria is that a dense and uniform coating of chrome of from about 0.15 to 0.5 mil be obtained over the copper layer.
It will be seen that the present invention affords a simple, inexpensive and efiicient process for obtaining a protective coating upon beryllium. While a preferred embodiment and certain modifications of the present invention have been described above, other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is to be limited only by the prior art and the scope of the appended claim.
I claimr A method of protectively coating beryllium metal which comprises the steps of etching said metal in an acid bath, immersing the etched beryllium in a solution of sodium zincate for a brief period of time, immersing the beryllium in concentrated nitric acid, immersing the beryllium in a second solution of sodium zincate, electroplating a thin layer of copper over said beryllium, and finally electroplating a layer of chromium over said copper layer.
Stareck et a1 June 20, 1950 Kolodney Mar. 11, 1952
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US227935A US2901408A (en) | 1951-05-23 | 1951-05-23 | Coating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US227935A US2901408A (en) | 1951-05-23 | 1951-05-23 | Coating method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2901408A true US2901408A (en) | 1959-08-25 |
Family
ID=22855052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US227935A Expired - Lifetime US2901408A (en) | 1951-05-23 | 1951-05-23 | Coating method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2901408A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3276974A (en) * | 1963-01-18 | 1966-10-04 | Ii Richard C Tyson | Anodizing process for the metal beryllium |
US3754970A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1973-08-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method of plating beryllium article with zinc |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1614303A (en) * | 1924-06-05 | 1927-01-11 | Metals Prot Corp | Process of producing corrosion-resisting coating on iron and steel and products thereof |
US2511952A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | Process of plating zinc on aluminum | ||
US2588734A (en) * | 1948-05-14 | 1952-03-11 | Atomic Energy Commission | Pretreatment of beryllium prior to coating |
-
1951
- 1951-05-23 US US227935A patent/US2901408A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511952A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | Process of plating zinc on aluminum | ||
US1614303A (en) * | 1924-06-05 | 1927-01-11 | Metals Prot Corp | Process of producing corrosion-resisting coating on iron and steel and products thereof |
US2588734A (en) * | 1948-05-14 | 1952-03-11 | Atomic Energy Commission | Pretreatment of beryllium prior to coating |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3276974A (en) * | 1963-01-18 | 1966-10-04 | Ii Richard C Tyson | Anodizing process for the metal beryllium |
US3754970A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1973-08-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method of plating beryllium article with zinc |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3666529A (en) | Method of conditioning aluminous surfaces for the reception of electroless nickel plating | |
US3672964A (en) | Plating on aluminum,magnesium or zinc | |
US4416739A (en) | Electroplating of titanium and titanium base alloys | |
US3699013A (en) | Method of electroplating readily oxidizable metals | |
US4093756A (en) | Process for electroless deposition of metals on zirconium materials | |
US3167491A (en) | Polyfluorinated ethylene polymermetal article and method | |
US3989606A (en) | Metal plating on aluminum | |
US4137131A (en) | Process for electrolytic deposition of metals on zirconium materials | |
US2901408A (en) | Coating method | |
Uma Rani et al. | Studies on black electroless nickel coatings on titanium alloys for spacecraft thermal control applications | |
US4894125A (en) | Optically black pliable foils | |
JPS60211097A (en) | Electrochemical and chemical coating method of niobium | |
Petro et al. | Direct electroless deposition of low phosphorous Ni-P films on AZ91D Mg alloy | |
US3808057A (en) | Method of applying protective coatings to metal articles | |
US3700482A (en) | Uranium surface preparation for electroless nickel plating | |
JPS6187894A (en) | Method for plating titanium blank | |
US3375178A (en) | Method of confirming the occurrence of plating in electroless nickel-plating | |
US3002899A (en) | Adhesion of nickel to chromium | |
US4234395A (en) | Metal composites and laminates formed therefrom | |
US3634207A (en) | Nickel etching and plating bath | |
GB2078261A (en) | Preventing Corrosion of Zinc and Cadmium | |
US5182172A (en) | Post-plating passivation treatment | |
US3338803A (en) | Electroplating on maraging steels | |
Oh et al. | Galvanic corrosion behaviors of Cu connected to Au on a printed circuit board in ammonia solution | |
Sharma | Gold plating on aluminium alloys for space applications |