US2900319A - Dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon anode for igneous electrolytic furnaces, particularly for aluminum-making - Google Patents
Dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon anode for igneous electrolytic furnaces, particularly for aluminum-making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2900319A US2900319A US690060A US69006057A US2900319A US 2900319 A US2900319 A US 2900319A US 690060 A US690060 A US 690060A US 69006057 A US69006057 A US 69006057A US 2900319 A US2900319 A US 2900319A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- studs
- mass
- sheaths
- anode
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021398 atomic carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel arrangements applied to the anodes of the dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon type utilized for the continuous and automatic operation of igneous electrolytic furnaces, notably for manufacturing aluminum.
- anode of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon type for effecting an igneous electrolysis which is characterized in that the carbon resulting from the dissociation of the gaseous hydrocarbon will agglomerate at the end of the anode surface in the form of a perfectly adherent spongy layer, and that the hydrogen released by this dissociation is prevented from leaking in the bath by the provision of adequate suction means.
- the anode comprises a stationary metal casing closed at its upper end by a fluid-tight partition and containing the anode mass; through this wall and with the interposition of a plurality of gland packings extend one or more steel studs having an axial passage formed therein, adapted to be supplied with a gaseous hydrocarbon under pressure, these studs also acting both as means for supporting the anode mass and as lead-in terminals.
- Each stud is surrounded by a cylindrical metal sheath in which the level of the anode mass'is higher than at the outside.
- sheaths are slightly longer than said studs and shorter than the height of the metal casing.
- the lower end portion of this anode mass is substantially concave and has a flat peripheral or marginal portion.
- the volume defined by the stationary outer metal casing, by the horizontal sealing partition overlying it, by the outer surface of said metal sheaths and by the upper level of the anode mass is vacuumized through a duct connected to a suction device.
- the anode mass consists essentially of either a mixture of sintered rare earths having a sufficient electrical conductivity, such as tantalum oxide, or more simply a mixture of carbon paste the grain size of which--in the burned state-is calculated to impart a sufficient porosity to the supporting mass, either of these mixtures being enclosed according to known means in a stationary outer casing of square, rectangular or cylindrical shape.
- the selected supporting mass is a carbon paste
- the latter will have its height limited to that currently provided for pre-burned anodes and be burned beforehand all along its height in the electrolytic furnace proper so that it will have an adequate porosity before the gaseous methane is fed thereto.
- the above-described means will indisputably lead to a novel industrial result in that they make it possible to carry out the anodic reduction with the assistance of chemically pure carbon from the dissociation of a gaseous hydrocarbon without allowing the latter or the hydrogen resulting from its dissociation to penetrate the electrolyte and cause the decomposition, even to a limited extent, of one or several component elements of this electrolyte.
- Figure 1 is a vertical section showing structural details of an anode constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
- Figure 2 is a plane View of the same'anode.
- Figure 3 is a vertical fragmentary section showing on a larger scale the lower portion of theanode.
- Figure 4 is an elevational View of an electrolytic furnace equipped with anodes according to a modified embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a fragmentary vertical section showingthe furnace on a larger scale
- Figure 6 is a view partly in horizontal section,. partly in plane view, showing the furnace equipped with the anodes of this invention, the section being taken upon the line VIVI ofFig. S.
- the anode mass or each of the anode masses ifa plurality of them are provided in the furnace has an elongated shape and the top of the outer metal casing 1 is closed in a fluidport the anode mass according to the known technique in view of permitting the vertical sliding displacement of this mass in the outer metal casing 1; of course, these studs 5 also act as current lead-in terminals and in the specific case of this invention they are adapted to supply the furnace with gaseous methane under a pressure P higher than the atmospheric pressure. Moreover, each stud 5 is surrounded by a cylindrical sheath 8 secured to the horizontal lid 6 and somewhat longer than the studs themselves so as to create around each stud a neutral zone free of any 'gas circulation.
- the lower face of the supporting mass 2 proper is slightly concave as shown at 2:: except for a Hat outer peripheral or marginal portion 2b affording a sufiicient contact area between this mass and the conducting bottom of the furnace to permit the passage of current and, by the Joule effect, cause firstly the burning of the raw mass until it has a sufiicient porosity, and then the smelting of the bath.
- the upper level of this supporting mass is much higher at 9 than inside the sheaths so as to create a sufficient adherence between the studs 5 and the paste 12,
- the free space surrounding the sheaths 8 is partly vacuumized by means of a pipe line 10 connected to a suitable suction device (not shown) operating at a pressure P lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- a suitable suction device (not shown) operating at a pressure P lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- the lower ends of these sheaths 8 (which, as already stated, are somewhat longer than the studs 5) form together a surface designated by the dotted line 8a in Figs. 1 and 3, substantially at an equal and very short distance from the lower concave surface 2a of the supporting mass, whereby the gaseous methane issuing from the lower ends of the studs 5 must necessarily flow along substantially downward paths in the sheaths 8 as its temperature rises until its dissociation begins, that is, when the gaseous stream enters the layer 3.
- the outer metal casing 1 has fitted around its lower portion a frusto-conical hood 11 adapted, according to the known fashion, to collect the electrolysis gases formed above the carbonaceous layer 3 on account of the anodic oxidation at a pressure approximating the atmospheric pressure P,,.
- the ratios of the pressures P and P to the pressure l will be determined presently in connection with the description of the mechanism by which the carbon layer 3 is formed and the residual gases resulting from the dissociation of the gaseous methane are discharged.
- FIG. 3 illustrates in section and on a larger scale the lower end of one of the hollow steel studs 5 surrounded by its circular sheath 8 and formed with at least one orifice 5a through which the gaseous methane under the pressure P is fed to the furnace.
- the distance X measured between the lower end 5b of these studs 5 and the lower face 2a of the supporting mass is determined by construction according to the teachings of experience, so that, with due consideration for the porosity of the supporting mass utilized and for the velocity at which the gaseous methane is fed (this velocity being obviously.
- the methane output fed through the anode must be greater than the output required under normal operating conditions in order to permit only the anodic oxidation reactions according to the strength of the electrolyser, so that the weight of carbon black deriving from the methane gas dissociation be substantially greater than that oxidised as a consequence of the electrolysis of alumina, and that a re- .serve of carbon black represented by the layer 2a, 3a
- -carbonaceous layer 3 may take place beforehand either in a special electrolytic furnace fed with alternating current, so that this pre-formation will be faster and more economical, or in a neutral atmosphere maintained in a furnace equipped with heating resistors providing a temperature of about 950 C.
- Each bubble of hydrogen is released during the dissociation at the pressure P at which the gaseous methane was introduced in the supporting mass minus the loss of pressure J1 resulting from the travel of this bubble from the outlet end of stud 5 to the point where its builds up, but only within the layer 3 provided that the distance X was correctly calculated.
- the residual pressure P h is obviously equal to the pressure P +h at the time the hydrogen bubble is released.
- Relation 2 expresses the limit value which must not be overstepped by P in order to prevent the residual gases from being expelled with the electrolysis gases.
- the second volume will be twice the former, in the specific case of methane, the input volume being subordinate to the desired intensity of the electrolyser.
- the electrolytic gas output must also be calculated.
- the supporting mass consists of three concentric annular layers A, B and C of approximately equal section, enclosed between a stationary cylindrical metal casing 13 and an axial funnel 14 of stainless steel, these layers being separated from one another by cylindrical metal partitions 15 also concentric to the funnel 14, each layer being divided into approximately equal sectors by radial partitions 16 connecting these different concentric cylindrical casings with one another.
- Each concentric annular layer if considered as being developed to a fiat surface to facilitate the understanding, is arranged like each of the rectangular anodic masses of elongated form which are illustrated in Fig. 1 according to the first form of embodiment of the invention.
- the layers are definitely independent of one another and each of them is provided, as in the first form of embodiment, with separate means for permitting its vertical dis- 6 placement, other adjustment means for setting the current strengthto values 1,, I 1 adequately determined for each layer, separate pipe lines 17a, 17b, for supplying each layer with gaseous methane, and adjustment means (not shown) for regulating the delivery of meth ane to values D D D proportional to the aforesaid current strengths 1,, I I;, other separate pipe lines being provided for discharging the residual gases resulting from the dissociation of the methane, as shown at 18a, 18b, 180.
- the only member common to the three concentric layers is the axial funnel 114 through which the electrolytic gases are expelled, thisfunnel being also.
- a heat recuperator comprising vertical tubes 19 and having suspended therefrom a highly-polished parabolic stainless steel mirror 20 according to the means described in the aforesaid patent.
- the reservoirs for the supply of fluidified alumina which were provided in the aforesaid patent are dispensed with, this alumina being introduced directly through the free surface of the bath according to known means.
- the holes formed in the intermediate third of the axial funnel are also omitted, since it is not necessary to renew the carbon-paste supporting mass burned at the start.
- each of the concentric layers A, B, C described hereabove is provided, according to its. thickness, with one or two rows of hollow fixation bolts. 21 secured for each of these layers on either side of a separate ring member 28, these bolts being surrounded by sheaths 22 having their ends positioned within a short distance of the inner surface of each layer, this surface having in the radial direction the slightly concave shape described hereabove and intended to improve the adherence and the formation of the pre-formed carbon black layer.
- the outer metal casing 13, the axial funnel 14 and the intermediate cylindrical partitions 15 are interconnected in a fluid-tight manner at their upper portions by means of a horizontal partition 23 on which are secured the cylindrical sheaths 22 through which the aforesaid hollow bolts 21 extend with the interposition of gland packings 24, each of the closed annular gaps A, B, C thus formed being provided with separate suction ducts 18a, 1812, and 180.
- each annular space A, B or C the level of the carbonaceous mass 25a is much lower than the level 25 of the same mass but inside the sheath 22 in order to permit the venting of the residual gases from the dissociation of the gaseous methane under the negative pres sure P while a pressure P higher than the atmospheric pressure obtains in these sheaths 22 so that the gaseous methane can flow through the carbon black layer 24 where its dissociation takes place.
- a com parison between the outputs complemented by a quantitative analysis between the gaseous methane delivered by the studs of each layer and the residual gases restituted by each of these layers may be effected for each of the concentric layers A, B and C, in order to permit the proper adjustment, for each layer, of the respective values of the aforesaid pressures P and'P
- no specific comparison can be made in view of checking whether the weight of carbon introduced with the methane is actually equal to the weight of carbon delivered with the electrolytic gases for each layer A, B, C under permanent operating conditions.
- the vacuum created in this axial funnel by its separate duct 27, provided that it is properly adjusted, may be sufficient to simultaneously direct the residual gases through the carbonaceous mass surround ing the sheaths 22 and discharging these gases in admixture with the electrolysis gases, so that in this specific case the separate suction ducts 18a, 18b and 180 of the concentric layers A, B and C may be dispensed with.
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon and immersed in the furnace electrolyte, which comprises a stationary metal casing consisting of a vertical cylinder open at the bottom, a fluid-tight horizontal plate closing the top of said metal casing, a porous anodic mass enclosed in said casing, metal studs disposed vertically in said casing and extending through said horizontal plate in a fluid-tight manner, said metal studs being formed with an axial passage adapted to supply at the lower end of said studs a gaseous hydrocarbon under pressure, said studs also serving as means for supporting the anodic mass and as current lead-in terminals, a cylindrical metal sheath secured to said horizontal plate and surrounding each of said studs, the level of the anodic mass in each sheath being considerably higher than that of the anodic mass included outside said sheaths, the length of said sheaths being slightly greater than that of said studs,
- porous anodic mass surrounding and extending below the lower open ends of said studs and sheaths.
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon and immersed in the furnace electrolyte, which comprises 3.
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon and immersed in thefurnace electrolyte, which comprises a stationary metal casing consisting of a vertical cylinder open at the bottom, a fluid-tight horizontal plate closing the top of said metal casing, aporous anodic mass enclosed in said casing and having its lower face formed with a concave central portion and a fiat marginal portion, metal studs disposed vertically in said casing and extending through said horizontal plate, said metal studs being formed with an axial passage adapted to supply at the lower end of said studs a gaseous hydrocarbon under pressure, said studs also serving as means for supporting the anodic mass as current lead-in terminals, gland packings surrounding said studs in said fluid-tight horizontal plate, a cylindrical metal shea
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon and immersed in the furnace electrolyte, which comprises a stationary metal casing consisting of a vertical cylinder open at the bottom, a fluid-tight horizontal plate closing the top of said metal casing, a porous anodic mass enclosed in said casing and having its lower face formed with a concave central portion and a flat marginal portion, metal studs disposed vertically in said casing and extending through said horizontal plate, said metal studs being formed with an axial passage adapted to supply at the lower end of said studs a gaseous hydrocarbon under pressure, said studs also serving as means for supporting the anodic mass as current lead-in terminals, gland packings surrounding said studs in said fluid-tight horizontal plate, a cylindrical metal sheath secured to said horizontal plate and surrounding each of said studs, the level of the anodic mass in each sheath being considerably higher than that of the anodic mass included outside said she
- suction device to the space defined by said stationary metal casing, said fluid-tight horizontal plate and the outer surface of said metal sheaths.
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace of the type adapted to be fed with dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon and immersed in the furnace electrolyte, which comprises a stationary metal casing consisting of a vertical cylinder open at the bottom, a fluid-tight horizontal plate closing the top of said metal casing, a porous anodic mass enclosed in said casing, coaxial cylindrical partitions in said casing a plurality of concentric annular layers in said anodic mass, radial partitions connecting said coaxial cylindrical partitions, each of said layers having a lower surface of toroidal shape which is slightly concave in the radial direction, the lower level of each layer increasing from the outside to the inside, an axial funnel extending through said central layer, metal studs disposed vertical ly in each of said layers and extending through said hori zontal plate, said metal studs being formed with an axial passage adapted to supply at the lower end of said studs a gaseous hydrocarbon under pressure, external supports of said studs acting as current lead
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace as set forth in claim 5, comprising a suction device associated with each of said annular layers and a duct connecting each of said sunction devices to the free space defined by said fluid-tight horizontal plate, said coaxial cylindrical partitions, said casing and the upper level of the associated layer, whereby the pressure is so adjusted for each of said suction devices that the hydrogen issuing from the dissociation of the methane gas be drawn around the sheaths and will not penetrate the bath.
- An anode for an electrolytic furnace as set forth in claim 5, comprising perforations provided in the upper portion of the intermediate cylindrical partitions above said anodic mass, perforations in said axial funnel above said anodic mass, and a suction device connected to said axial funnel, whereby the pressure is adjusted in said axial funnel to cause the hydrogen issuing from the dissociation of the methane gas to be drawn completely by this axial funnel while being mixed up with the electrolysis gases.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1197645T | 1956-10-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2900319A true US2900319A (en) | 1959-08-18 |
Family
ID=9669763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US690060A Expired - Lifetime US2900319A (en) | 1956-10-19 | 1957-10-14 | Dissociable gaseous hydrocarbon anode for igneous electrolytic furnaces, particularly for aluminum-making |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2900319A (fr) |
FR (3) | FR1197645A (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3178363A (en) * | 1961-08-03 | 1965-04-13 | Varda Giuseppe De | Apparatus and process for production of aluminum and other metals by fused bath electrolysis |
US3233127A (en) * | 1961-09-28 | 1966-02-01 | Gen Electric | Electrode structure for magnetohydrodynamic device |
US3480521A (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1969-11-25 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Process for the electrolytic formation of aluminum coatings on metallic surfaces in molten salt bath |
US3511761A (en) * | 1967-11-02 | 1970-05-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds |
US3511762A (en) * | 1967-11-02 | 1970-05-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Electrochemical conversion |
US5665220A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-09-09 | General Motors Corporation | Electrolytic magnesium production process |
US5759382A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1998-06-02 | Canadian Liquid Air Ltd/Air Liquide Canada Ltee | Injection of powdered material into electrolysis cells |
US5942097A (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-08-24 | The Ohio State University | Method and apparatus featuring a non-consumable anode for the electrowinning of aluminum |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US528365A (en) * | 1894-10-30 | Process of reducing aluminium | ||
US1470300A (en) * | 1920-06-03 | 1923-10-09 | Szarvasy Emerich | Process of graphitizing preformed carbon bodies |
US1757695A (en) * | 1925-09-30 | 1930-05-06 | Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As | Electrode |
US2593741A (en) * | 1943-07-17 | 1952-04-22 | Ferrand Louis | Process for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
-
1956
- 1956-10-19 FR FR1197645D patent/FR1197645A/fr not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-10-14 US US690060A patent/US2900319A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-04-28 FR FR793379A patent/FR75642E/fr not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-04-27 FR FR825448A patent/FR77613E/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US528365A (en) * | 1894-10-30 | Process of reducing aluminium | ||
US1470300A (en) * | 1920-06-03 | 1923-10-09 | Szarvasy Emerich | Process of graphitizing preformed carbon bodies |
US1757695A (en) * | 1925-09-30 | 1930-05-06 | Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As | Electrode |
US2593741A (en) * | 1943-07-17 | 1952-04-22 | Ferrand Louis | Process for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3178363A (en) * | 1961-08-03 | 1965-04-13 | Varda Giuseppe De | Apparatus and process for production of aluminum and other metals by fused bath electrolysis |
US3233127A (en) * | 1961-09-28 | 1966-02-01 | Gen Electric | Electrode structure for magnetohydrodynamic device |
US3480521A (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1969-11-25 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Process for the electrolytic formation of aluminum coatings on metallic surfaces in molten salt bath |
US3511761A (en) * | 1967-11-02 | 1970-05-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Electrochemical fluorination of organic compounds |
US3511762A (en) * | 1967-11-02 | 1970-05-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Electrochemical conversion |
US5759382A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1998-06-02 | Canadian Liquid Air Ltd/Air Liquide Canada Ltee | Injection of powdered material into electrolysis cells |
US5665220A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1997-09-09 | General Motors Corporation | Electrolytic magnesium production process |
US5942097A (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-08-24 | The Ohio State University | Method and apparatus featuring a non-consumable anode for the electrowinning of aluminum |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR77613E (fr) | 1962-03-30 |
FR75642E (fr) | 1961-07-21 |
FR1197645A (fr) | 1959-12-02 |
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