US2893083A - Method of making bimetallic articles - Google Patents
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- US2893083A US2893083A US603290A US60329056A US2893083A US 2893083 A US2893083 A US 2893083A US 603290 A US603290 A US 603290A US 60329056 A US60329056 A US 60329056A US 2893083 A US2893083 A US 2893083A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0045—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product household utensils
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- This invention relates to a method of making bimetallic articles, and has particular reference to a method of making a bimetallic soleplate, although the method is not limited to making soleplates.
- a method of making surface hard castings such as a bimetallic soleplate for flatirons is provided, whereby a very thin and therefore flexible sheet of highly polished or polishable metal harder than aluminum, such as stainless steel, is uniformly bonded to the aluminum body of the plate to afford a lightweight iron having a hard and a truly fiat ironing surface, notwithstanding the initial flexibility of the sheet.
- the stainless steel sheet on the order of between one and two hundredths of an inch thick, is precoated with molten aluminum at a temperature to form a ferro-aluminum alloy thereon, placed in a plane-bottomed cavity of the cover of a pressure die casting or permanent mold having the facing cavity shaped to the dimensions of the aluminum portion of the bimetallic unit to be formed, the mold closed and molten aluminum forced therein at a sufficient pressure to flatten the steel sheet against the plane surface of the cover die to become truly flat as the aluminum is fused to the still plastic aluminum-coated surface of the sheet and congeals to complete the sole-plate which may have the heating unit inserts cast therein in the same pressure casting operation.
- the aluminum coating on the sheet may be reactivated by reheating the same while the sheet is seated in the cover cavity and immediately before the pressure casting operation.
- the steel sheet may be preformed with steam nozzle recesses and the like, with the mold cover cavity formed with mating bosses to afford the shaping support for the sheet during the pressure casting step.
- the method of this invention affords a simple, accurate and inexpensive way of producing numerous bimetallic articles having the advantages of lightness of the light but soft metals, and the hardness and smoothness advantages of cast steel without its weight.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the flatiron soleplate, made according to the method of this invention, and showing the outline of a steam iron to which the invention may be adapted;
- Fig. 2 illustrates a dished stamping of the sheet of stainless steel or the like, intended to serve as the ironing surface of the finished iron;
- Fig. 3 shows in a semi-schematic way the two parts of a pressure die-casting or permanent mold having the sheet stamping of Fig. 2 seated in the cover die cavity provided therefor and the facing mold preparatory to closing the same for pressure injection of the casting aluminum therein;
- Fig. 4 is a similar semi-schematic view of the open die with a gas-fired burner interposed between them for heating the aluminum precoated surface of the sheet stamping to reactivate the same preparatory to the pressure casting step.
- the sheet metal to be used as the surfacing material for the soleplate is on the order of about .006 to about .030 inch thickness and preferably is one of the stainless steels, including the austenitic, martensitic and ferritic series and the like, or the sheet may be of low carbon steel and preplated on its ironing surface with chromium or nickel before the casting operation or thereafter.
- this thin sheet metal becomes part 12 of the finished bimetallic soleplate of the iron as shown in Fig. 1, the other part being the aluminum casting 11.
- the metal sheet 12 is in the form of a stamping and comprises the recessed soleplate surface portion 13 having the contour of the finished soleplate and the die-sealing flange 14 extending around its perimeter as shown especially in Fig. 2. If the finished fiatiron is to be of the dry type, the surface portion 13 is uninterrupted, but if it is to be a steam iron, the interior boss 15 or the like, may be provided and subsequently perforated at 16, as shown in Fig. 1.
- the stamping 12 is adapted to be seated in the carefully machined recess 17 provided therefor in the cover die 18 of a pressure die-casting or permanent mold comprising two halves or frames 19 and 20 adapted to be brought and clamped together into juxtaposition by known means to jointly form the mold cavity one half of which is constituted by the recessed portion of the stamping 12, and the other half by the cavity 21 in the die 22, carried by frame 20, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the recess in die 18 is carefully machined, so that the bottom of the recess 17 which the ironing surface portion of stamping 12 is adapted to overlie is perfectly flat and true, except for that portion supporting the boss 15.
- the die is similarly accurately machined to closely accommodate the die sealing flange 14.
- a pin 23 in die 18 assists in accurately locating the stamping 12 thereon by passing through a hole 24 in its flange 14 and seating in a socket 25 in die 22.
- the cavity 21 of die 22 is shaped to form with the inner surface of stamping 12 the aluminum portion 11 of the soleplate 10, including the projection 26 cooperating with boss 15 to form the steam chamber 27 shown in Fig. 1.
- the die 22 may be so shaped as to accommodate the electrical resistance heating socket and the like, that are to be cast into the aluminum in accordance with known practice.
- the casting aluminum ingate 27 between the die cavity 21 and the. cylinder 28 is formed in the die 22 and its frame 20 and cylinder 28 is supplied with molten alur 3 minum through spru'e 29 which is forced by piston 30 into the closed die cavity in the known manner.
- the stampling 12 may be pretreated to provide the ferro-aluminum film, allowed to cool and then reactivated at any subsequent time by heat-softening the overlying aluminum coating immediately before casting, preferably after the precoated stamping has been seated recess in the die 18.
- the prebonded stamping 12 in the cold state having been treated either before or after stamping from a sheet of thin stainless steel or the like, is seated in its recess in its cavity in die 18 while'the frames 1-9 and 20 are open and-spread apart, Then a multiple oxyacetylene orother gas-fired burner 30 is suspended in proximity to thevprebonded inner surface of stamping 12 and the latter heated toa temperature on the order of 1300" to 1450" F tomelt or render plastic the thin residual of'.001, to .003 inch layer of aluminum overlying the ferro-aluminum alloyfilm.
- the aluminum surface layer is softened and subdivided sufliciently by thisreheating' operation that when the mold is closed and'the aluminum injected at the aforementioned pressure, the aluminum oxide is'fiushed away and dissipated throughout the body of aluminum. Microscopic examination shows no discernible difference between a reactivated bond and one that is formed while the initial aluminum overcoat is still molten or plastic, nor is the ferro-aluminum film affected or difierent by reason of such reactivation.
- the burner. 30 may comprise a steel shell 31 fitted with a ceramic liner 32' having a flame chamber 33 of the contour of the stamping, l2 and provided with a plurality of jet nozzles 34icommunicating with a gas manifold 35 supplied with oxyacetylene or other fuel gas mixture from a suitable pressure-source byfi'exible tube 36. As indicated in Fig. 4, burner 30-may be lowered and raised into and out of operational alignment with stamping 12.
- magnesium and, its alloys, titanium and its alloys, copper and itsalloys, nickel and its alloys, and the like may serve as the casting metal to pressure shape and be permanently united through an alloy bond; to; one surface of a thin sheet of a diflerent metal adding desired properties to the surface of the casting which the casting metal does not possess.
- Sheet made of these metals or alloys, or ferrous metal, sheet coated or plated therewith or with a suitable brazing, t-inning, galvanizing, or soldering metals or alloys may. be united with the casting metal in the manner described without pretreatment except cleansing or fluxing where necessary. Accordingly, many cast articles including flatiron soleplates, pressing machine shoes, calendering rolls, and the like, may be surfaced with very thin sheet metal by means of the hydraulic pressure-conforming process of this invention.
- aluminous metal means aluminum and aluminum base alloys.
- the method ofproviding a casting of an aluminum base metal with a surface coating of a harder, denser, polishable ferrous metal comprising bonding with a sheet of flexible ferrous metal having a thickness between about @006 and about .030 inch, a surface film of the molten aluminum base metal by means of an interposed thin layer of a ferro-aluminum alloy, allowing the sheet to cool to solidify the surface film thereon and consequently form an oxide'surface skin on said surface film, mounting the cooled sheet in a mold having a contour desired for the surface of the finished casting, heating the surface film to melt the same, closing the mold, injecting molten aluminum base metal into the mold at high velocity to flush the oxide skin from the molten surface film to expose the same, said molten aluminum base metal being subjected to a pressure between about 4,000 and 15,000 psi to force said sheet into coextensive engagement with said mold and being maintained'at a temperature to fuse with the exposed surface film of molten metal on-said
- the method of providing a casting of an aluminum base metal with a surface layer of a harder, denser, polishable metal comprising mounting in a moldhaving a contour desired forthe surface of the finished casting, a sheet'of polishable ferrous metal between about .006 and about .030 inch inthickness and having a solidified surface film of an aluminum base metal bonded to it by an interposed film of a ferro-aluminum alloy, said surfacefilm having an oxide skin thereon, heating the sheet to meltthe surface film of aluminum basemetal, closing themold, injecting moltenaluminumbase metal into the mold at high velocity, to flush the oxide skin from.
- said molten metals and sheet of ferrous metal being subjected to a pressure between about 4,000 and 15,000 p.s.i. to force said sheet into co-extensive engagement with said mold and being maintained at a temperature to fuse the injected metal with the surface film of molten aluminum base metal on said sheet, maintaining said pressure within the mold until the aluminum base metal has solidified, and removing the resulting bimetallic casting from the mold.
Description
' METHOD OF MAKING BIMETALLIC ARTICLES Original mm m 21. was v a Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. Giokqz 7T L/wo THG .A
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' INVENTOR. 650x61: T. L000 July 7, 1959 'G. T; LADD v METHOD OF MAKING BIMETALLIC ARTICLES Original Filed May 21, 1953 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 M IIIIZ INVENTOR. Giokqe Z L000 United States Patent METHOD OF MAKING BTMETALLIC ARTICLES George T. Ladd, Huntington Station, N.Y., assignor to Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, Farmingdale, N.Y., a corporation of Maryland Continuation of application Serial No. 356,572, May 21, ggSiMThis application August 10, 1956, Serial No.
2 Claims. (Cl. 22-204) This invention relates to a method of making bimetallic articles, and has particular reference to a method of making a bimetallic soleplate, although the method is not limited to making soleplates.
This is a continuation of application Serial No. 356,572, filed May 21, 1953, now abandoned.
Following the development of lightweight flatirons, involving the use of aluminum and its alloys, it soon became evident that the desirable attribute of lightness of aluminum is also accompanied by inherent defects of the metal for that purpose, viz., softness, causing it to scratch and burr readily, discoloration due to steaming, particularly in steam irons, and surface porosity which usually becomes evident only after the sole of the iron has been polished. Electroplating the aluminum sole or fusing it to a copper or other metallic face plate have proved costly and require considerable machining and other finishing, especially the latter, because of thermal warping and incomplete union between the aluminum and the face plate.
In accordance with the present invention, a method of making surface hard castings, such as a bimetallic soleplate for flatirons is provided, whereby a very thin and therefore flexible sheet of highly polished or polishable metal harder than aluminum, such as stainless steel, is uniformly bonded to the aluminum body of the plate to afford a lightweight iron having a hard and a truly fiat ironing surface, notwithstanding the initial flexibility of the sheet.
In a preferred mode of conducting the process of this invention, the stainless steel sheet, on the order of between one and two hundredths of an inch thick, is precoated with molten aluminum at a temperature to form a ferro-aluminum alloy thereon, placed in a plane-bottomed cavity of the cover of a pressure die casting or permanent mold having the facing cavity shaped to the dimensions of the aluminum portion of the bimetallic unit to be formed, the mold closed and molten aluminum forced therein at a sufficient pressure to flatten the steel sheet against the plane surface of the cover die to become truly flat as the aluminum is fused to the still plastic aluminum-coated surface of the sheet and congeals to complete the sole-plate which may have the heating unit inserts cast therein in the same pressure casting operation. Instead of immediately casting the aluminum against the aluminum predipped sheet while the aluminum thereon is still molten or plastic, the aluminum coating on the sheet may be reactivated by reheating the same while the sheet is seated in the cover cavity and immediately before the pressure casting operation. The steel sheet may be preformed with steam nozzle recesses and the like, with the mold cover cavity formed with mating bosses to afford the shaping support for the sheet during the pressure casting step.
It will be seen that the method of this invention affords a simple, accurate and inexpensive way of producing numerous bimetallic articles having the advantages of lightness of the light but soft metals, and the hardness and smoothness advantages of cast steel without its weight.
For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the flatiron soleplate, made according to the method of this invention, and showing the outline of a steam iron to which the invention may be adapted;
Fig. 2 illustrates a dished stamping of the sheet of stainless steel or the like, intended to serve as the ironing surface of the finished iron;
Fig. 3 shows in a semi-schematic way the two parts of a pressure die-casting or permanent mold having the sheet stamping of Fig. 2 seated in the cover die cavity provided therefor and the facing mold preparatory to closing the same for pressure injection of the casting aluminum therein; and
Fig. 4 is a similar semi-schematic view of the open die with a gas-fired burner interposed between them for heating the aluminum precoated surface of the sheet stamping to reactivate the same preparatory to the pressure casting step.
The sheet metal to be used as the surfacing material for the soleplate is on the order of about .006 to about .030 inch thickness and preferably is one of the stainless steels, including the austenitic, martensitic and ferritic series and the like, or the sheet may be of low carbon steel and preplated on its ironing surface with chromium or nickel before the casting operation or thereafter. According to the invention, this thin sheet metal becomes part 12 of the finished bimetallic soleplate of the iron as shown in Fig. 1, the other part being the aluminum casting 11. The metal sheet 12 is in the form of a stamping and comprises the recessed soleplate surface portion 13 having the contour of the finished soleplate and the die-sealing flange 14 extending around its perimeter as shown especially in Fig. 2. If the finished fiatiron is to be of the dry type, the surface portion 13 is uninterrupted, but if it is to be a steam iron, the interior boss 15 or the like, may be provided and subsequently perforated at 16, as shown in Fig. 1.
The stamping 12 is adapted to be seated in the carefully machined recess 17 provided therefor in the cover die 18 of a pressure die-casting or permanent mold comprising two halves or frames 19 and 20 adapted to be brought and clamped together into juxtaposition by known means to jointly form the mold cavity one half of which is constituted by the recessed portion of the stamping 12, and the other half by the cavity 21 in the die 22, carried by frame 20, as shown in Fig. 3.
As stated, the recess in die 18 is carefully machined, so that the bottom of the recess 17 which the ironing surface portion of stamping 12 is adapted to overlie is perfectly flat and true, except for that portion supporting the boss 15. To preclude distortion of the perimeter of the stamping 12, the die is similarly accurately machined to closely accommodate the die sealing flange 14. A pin 23 in die 18 assists in accurately locating the stamping 12 thereon by passing through a hole 24 in its flange 14 and seating in a socket 25 in die 22.
The cavity 21 of die 22 is shaped to form with the inner surface of stamping 12 the aluminum portion 11 of the soleplate 10, including the projection 26 cooperating with boss 15 to form the steam chamber 27 shown in Fig. 1. If desired, the die 22 may be so shaped as to accommodate the electrical resistance heating socket and the like, that are to be cast into the aluminum in accordance with known practice. g The casting aluminum ingate 27 between the die cavity 21 and the. cylinder 28 is formed in the die 22 and its frame 20 and cylinder 28 is supplied with molten alur 3 minum through spru'e 29 which is forced by piston 30 into the closed die cavity in the known manner.
In carrying out the method of making bimetallic articles according to the present invention, particularly in the manufacture of bimetallic sol'e pla't'es for flatirons, it is first necessary to prepare the inner surface of the stamping 12 for bonding with the casting aluminum or aluminum alloy through the intermediary film ofja ferro;
aluminum alloy at the interface between the steel and about 15,000 pounds per square, inch. At pressures of this order, the thin flexible sheet metalof which stamping 12 is formed is forced coextensively against the bottom of the die 18 to conform to the true surface thereof. Notwithstanding the; inherently flimsy nature of the very thin stamping 12, it becomes true under casting pressure and remains true as the aluminum freezes and fused with the aluminum coating overlying the ferroaluminum alloy film to become the unitary bimetallic soleplate 11 of Fig. 1, subject to trimming off the flange ltand drilling the steam jet holes 16.
Instead ofcasting immediately after application of the forte-aluminum alloy film to the inner surface and while the overlying aluminum layer is still molten or plastic, as .described, the stampling 12 may be pretreated to provide the ferro-aluminum film, allowed to cool and then reactivated at any subsequent time by heat-softening the overlying aluminum coating immediately before casting, preferably after the precoated stamping has been seated recess in the die 18.
, Referring to Fig. 4, the prebonded stamping 12 in the cold state, having been treated either before or after stamping from a sheet of thin stainless steel or the like, is seated in its recess in its cavity in die 18 while'the frames 1-9 and 20 are open and-spread apart, Then a multiple oxyacetylene orother gas-fired burner 30 is suspended in proximity to thevprebonded inner surface of stamping 12 and the latter heated toa temperature on the order of 1300" to 1450" F tomelt or render plastic the thin residual of'.001, to .003 inch layer of aluminum overlying the ferro-aluminum alloyfilm. It appears that notwithstanding its aluminum oxide surface, the aluminum surface layer is softened and subdivided sufliciently by thisreheating' operation that when the mold is closed and'the aluminum injected at the aforementioned pressure, the aluminum oxide is'fiushed away and dissipated throughout the body of aluminum. Microscopic examination shows no discernible difference between a reactivated bond and one that is formed while the initial aluminum overcoat is still molten or plastic, nor is the ferro-aluminum film affected or difierent by reason of such reactivation.
The burner. 30 may comprisea steel shell 31 fitted with a ceramic liner 32' having a flame chamber 33 of the contour of the stamping, l2 and provided with a plurality of jet nozzles 34icommunicating with a gas manifold 35 supplied with oxyacetylene or other fuel gas mixture from a suitable pressure-source byfi'exible tube 36. As indicated in Fig. 4, burner 30-may be lowered and raised into and out of operational alignment with stamping 12.
'It will be evident that-the process ofthisinvention is useful in the formation-of-binietallic-articlesfor vari' ous 'uses, wherein a thin layer of one-metal is desired to serve as a wearing, bea r mg, ornamental-or other surface overlying a body of compatible metal capable of being cast at sufiiciently high pressures to hydraulically flatten or otherwise shape the thin sheet metal against and in conformance with the contour of a die affording the requisite shape. Thus, in addition to aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and, its alloys, titanium and its alloys, copper and itsalloys, nickel and its alloys, and the like, may serve as the casting metal to pressure shape and be permanently united through an alloy bond; to; one surface of a thin sheet of a diflerent metal adding desired properties to the surface of the casting which the casting metal does not possess.
Atthough hydraulic pressure-conforming union of very thin ferrous metal alloy sheet to aluminum or aluminum base alloys through the intermediary of a ferro-aluminum alloy bond has been particularly described, very thin sheets of non-ferrous metals immediately compatible with molten aluminum by alloying therewith may also be united thereto according to the invention. Among such compatible non-ferrous metals are silver, copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, andthe alloys thereof, such as theMonel series, as well as the nimonic series, the brasses, bronzes, and the like. Sheet made of these metals or alloys, or ferrous metal, sheet coated or plated therewith or with a suitable brazing, t-inning, galvanizing, or soldering metals or alloys may. be united with the casting metal in the manner described without pretreatment except cleansing or fluxing where necessary. Accordingly, many cast articles including flatiron soleplates, pressing machine shoes, calendering rolls, and the like, may be surfaced with very thin sheet metal by means of the hydraulic pressure-conforming process of this invention.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereby, but is susceptible of changes in form and detail within the scope of the appended claims in which the term aluminous metal means aluminum and aluminum base alloys.
I claim:
1. The method ofproviding a casting of an aluminum base metal with a surface coating of a harder, denser, polishable ferrous metal, comprising bonding with a sheet of flexible ferrous metal having a thickness between about @006 and about .030 inch, a surface film of the molten aluminum base metal by means of an interposed thin layer of a ferro-aluminum alloy, allowing the sheet to cool to solidify the surface film thereon and consequently form an oxide'surface skin on said surface film, mounting the cooled sheet in a mold having a contour desired for the surface of the finished casting, heating the surface film to melt the same, closing the mold, injecting molten aluminum base metal into the mold at high velocity to flush the oxide skin from the molten surface film to expose the same, said molten aluminum base metal being subjected to a pressure between about 4,000 and 15,000 psi to force said sheet into coextensive engagement with said mold and being maintained'at a temperature to fuse with the exposed surface film of molten metal on-said sheet, maintaining said pressure within the mold until the casting metal has solidified, and removing the resulting bimetallic casting from the mold.
2. The method of providing a casting of an aluminum base metal with a surface layer of a harder, denser, polishable metal, comprising mounting in a moldhaving a contour desired forthe surface of the finished casting, a sheet'of polishable ferrous metal between about .006 and about .030 inch inthickness and having a solidified surface film of an aluminum base metal bonded to it by an interposed film of a ferro-aluminum alloy, said surfacefilm having an oxide skin thereon, heating the sheet to meltthe surface film of aluminum basemetal, closing themold, injecting moltenaluminumbase metal into the mold at high velocity, to flush the oxide skin from. the
molten surface film to expose the same, said molten metals and sheet of ferrous metal being subjected to a pressure between about 4,000 and 15,000 p.s.i. to force said sheet into co-extensive engagement with said mold and being maintained at a temperature to fuse the injected metal with the surface film of molten aluminum base metal on said sheet, maintaining said pressure within the mold until the aluminum base metal has solidified, and removing the resulting bimetallic casting from the mold.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 915,021 Dunton Mar. 9, 1909 6 White May 7, 1935 Sansome Feb. 22, 1938 Whitfield Mar. 19, 1946 Myers Apr. 11, 1950 Grange et a1. Mar. 13, 1951 Brennan Sept. 25, 1951 Jung July 28, 1953 Tanner June 29, 1954 Brennan Sept. 18, 1956 Whitfield July 2, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain June 25, 1931 Great Britain Mar. 22, 1950
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF PROVIDING A CASTING OF A ALUMINUM BASE METAL WITH A SURFACE COATING OF A HARDER,M DENSER, POLISHABLE FERROUS METAL, COMPRISING BONDING WITH A SHEET OF FLEXIBLE FERROUS METAL HAVING A THICKNESS BETWEEN ABOUT .006 AND ABOUT .030 INCH, A SURFACE FILM OF THE MOLTEN ALUMINUM BASE METAL BY MEANS OF A INTERPOSED THIN LAYER OF A FERRO-ALUMINUM ALLOY, ALLOWING THE SHEET TO COOL TO SOLIDIFY THE SURFACE FILM THEREON AND CONSEQUENTLY FORM AN OXIDE SURFACE SKIN ON SAID SURFACE FILM, MOUNTING THE COOLED SHEET IN A MOLD HAVING A CONTOUR DESIRED FOR THE SURFACE OF THE FINISHED CASTING, HEATING THE SURFACE FILM TO MELT THE SAME, CLOSING THE MOLD, INJECTING MOLTEN ALUMINUM BASE METAL INTO TAHE MOLD AT HIGH VELOCITY TO FLUSH THE OXIDE SKIN FROM THE MOLTEN SURFACE FILM TO EXPOSE THE SAME, SAID MOLTEN ALUMINUM BASE METAL
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US603290A US2893083A (en) | 1956-08-10 | 1956-08-10 | Method of making bimetallic articles |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US603290A US2893083A (en) | 1956-08-10 | 1956-08-10 | Method of making bimetallic articles |
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| US2893083A true US2893083A (en) | 1959-07-07 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3099869A (en) * | 1953-12-02 | 1963-08-06 | Hoover Co | Process of bonding metals |
| US3186045A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1965-06-01 | Lagostina Adriano | Method of casting composite cooking vessel |
| US3434200A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1969-03-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method of manufacturing hard-faced metal products |
| DE1608775B1 (en) * | 1961-02-11 | 1969-09-04 | Hansa Metallwerke Ag | Process for making die-cast composite molded bodies |
| US4120081A (en) * | 1976-05-31 | 1978-10-17 | Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nurnberg Gmbh | Manufacture of pistons incorporating a thermal barrier |
| US4815652A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-03-28 | Kvavle Robert C | Method for forming composite metal articles |
| US4901906A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1990-02-20 | Kvavle Robert C | Method for forming composite metal articles |
| US20110195271A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | Apple Inc. | Cast Metal Parts With Cosmetic Surfaces And Methods Of Making Same |
| US20110239725A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Du Shouzhong Alex | System and method for preventing warpage of metal components during manufacturing processes |
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| US2763044A (en) * | 1949-06-04 | 1956-09-18 | Joseph B Brennan | Method of continuously casting strip metal |
| US2646601A (en) * | 1949-09-14 | 1953-07-28 | United American Metals Corp | Heating and cooling backing pan |
| US2797460A (en) * | 1952-09-16 | 1957-07-02 | Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc | Casting light metal against iron and article formed thereby |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3099869A (en) * | 1953-12-02 | 1963-08-06 | Hoover Co | Process of bonding metals |
| US3186045A (en) * | 1959-12-03 | 1965-06-01 | Lagostina Adriano | Method of casting composite cooking vessel |
| DE1608775B1 (en) * | 1961-02-11 | 1969-09-04 | Hansa Metallwerke Ag | Process for making die-cast composite molded bodies |
| US3434200A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1969-03-25 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method of manufacturing hard-faced metal products |
| US4120081A (en) * | 1976-05-31 | 1978-10-17 | Alcan Aluminiumwerk Nurnberg Gmbh | Manufacture of pistons incorporating a thermal barrier |
| US4815652A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-03-28 | Kvavle Robert C | Method for forming composite metal articles |
| US4901906A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1990-02-20 | Kvavle Robert C | Method for forming composite metal articles |
| US20110195271A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-11 | Apple Inc. | Cast Metal Parts With Cosmetic Surfaces And Methods Of Making Same |
| US20110239725A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Du Shouzhong Alex | System and method for preventing warpage of metal components during manufacturing processes |
| US9283698B2 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2016-03-15 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | System and method for preventing warpage of metal components during manufacturing processes |
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