US2892166A - Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly - Google Patents

Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US2892166A
US2892166A US483104A US48310455A US2892166A US 2892166 A US2892166 A US 2892166A US 483104 A US483104 A US 483104A US 48310455 A US48310455 A US 48310455A US 2892166 A US2892166 A US 2892166A
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United States
Prior art keywords
additive
oil
dielectric
mineral oil
power factor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US483104A
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English (en)
Inventor
Truman K Sloat
James G Ford
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Filing date
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Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US483104A priority Critical patent/US2892166A/en
Priority to ES0225861A priority patent/ES225861A1/es
Priority to GB692/56A priority patent/GB795138A/en
Priority to CH343474D priority patent/CH343474A/de
Priority to FR1145374D priority patent/FR1145374A/fr
Priority to JP126856A priority patent/JPS325545B1/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2892166A publication Critical patent/US2892166A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/062—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to provide for stabilizing dielectric fluids comprising mineral oil, by combining 8-hydroxy quinoline therewith.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide electrical apparatus insulated with a dielectric fluid com- 2,892,166 Patented June 23, 1959 2 prising a major proportion of mineral oil and a minor proportion of 8-hydroxy quinoline.
  • Figure 1 is a view in elevation, partly in section, of a transformer
  • Fig. 2 is a view in elevation, partly in section, of a capacitor
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, of a cable.
  • mineral oil used as a-fluid dielectric in electrical apparatus may be improved by incorporating therein a minor amount of additive material comprising 8-hydroxy quinoline.
  • Electrical apparatus insulated with the dielectric fluid of this invention does not exhibit an undesirable increase in power factor even after such apparatus has been in use for long periods of time. It has been determined that only minor amounts of the additive material need be incorporated in the mineral oil to achieve the surprising results herein described.
  • 8-hydroxy quinoline in amounts as small as 0.01% and up to 0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the dielectric fluid, gives the desired effects described.
  • a higher proportion of S-hydroxy quinoline of up to about 2% of the weight of the oil may be employed.
  • the additive material herein described may be incorporated in the mineral oil either at the factory during manufacture of the electrical apparatus or in the field after such apparatus has been placed in service. In the latter instance it has been found convenient to admix the S-hydroxy quinoline in a high concentration in a carrier such as transformer oil. Also, at this time, an oxidation inhibitor such as ditertiary butyl paracresol may be added. The resulting mixture may be packaged in suitable containers, for example, glass jars or bottles, for convenient addition to transformers in the field.
  • the ditertiary butyl paracresol is not necessary for and plays no part in the power factor correction.
  • the use of this material as an oxidation inhibitor for insulating oil is well known in the art and often, when power factor correction is made, it also is desirable to simultaneously inhibit the oil against oxidation.
  • the ditertiary butyl paracresol may be used in amounts within the range of 0.1% to 0.5% by weight, and preferably in a quantity amounting to about 0.2% by weight of the dielectric composition.
  • Tables I and II set forth data obtained on power fac tor tests made on numeraus transformers in service in the field.
  • Table I the particular transformers each were filled with 7 /2 gallons of mineral oil when manufactured. Power factor tests were made on these transformers after they had been in use for varying periods of time. Thereafter, one pint of a solution of 8-hydroxy quinoline, ditertiary butyl paracresol, and mineral oil, in proportions similar to those of the preceding example, was added to the oil in the transformer. The materials were added in amounts such that the 8-hydroxy quinoline constituted 0.04% by weight and the ditertiary butyl paracresol constituted 0.2% by weight of the total dielectric composition in the treated transformer oil.
  • Power factor determinations then were made on each of the transformers 30 to 60 days after the addition of the S-hydroxy quinoline-ditertiary butyl paracresol-mineral oil solution.
  • the data in the tables in the column headed Overall represent the power factor determination of the transformer and dielectric fluid together.
  • the data in the column headed Interwg represent the power factor of the transformer components separate from the oil.
  • the column headed Oil only contains power factor data on the oil alone.
  • the column headed Kilovolts breakdown oil dielec. contains data on the dielectric breakdown strength in kilovolts (0.1 inch gap) of the dielectric oil composition in the transformers.
  • Table 11 contains data similar to that set forth in Table I, with the exception that the transformers tested contained 15 gallons of mineral oil and had added thereto two pints of additive material comprising EhydroXy quinoline, ditertiary butyl paracresol, and mineral oil.
  • the dielectric fluid after addition of the two pints of additive material, contained 0.04% by weight, based on the. total weight of the dielectric fluid, of S-hydroxy TABLE II Percent power factor Dielectric Overall Transformer No.
  • Fig. 1 is a view in elevation, partly in section, of a transformer 10 having a casing 12 and a hermetically sealed cover 14 fitted thereto. Within the casing 12 there is disposed electrical coils and core 16 immersed in a dielectric liquid 18.
  • the dielectric 18 comprises mineral oil and S-hydroxy quinoline and, if desired, it may contain ditertiary butyl paracresol.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a capacitor 19 having casing 20 and a hermetically fitting cover 22 applied thereto.
  • the metallic electrodes 24 are composed of a sheet metal such as aluminum or copper foil and are separated from one another by a plurality of layers of paper or other suitable insulating solid material 26.
  • the dielectric liquid 28 in which the electrodes 24 and insulation 26 are immersed is composed of mineral oil, S-hydroxy quinoline and ditertiary butyl paracresol.
  • the additive material of this invention in admixture with mineral oil, may be applied to cable insulation.
  • a cable 30 comprising a conductor 32 about which there is applied a wrapping 34 of paper, polyethylene, asbestos, or other insulation impregnated with a mixture of mineral oil and S-hydroxy quinoline.
  • a minor amount of ditertiary butyl paracresol also may be included within theimpregnating solution.
  • the sheath 36 of lead or other suitable metal maintains a proper hermetic condition for the impregnated insulation 34.
  • a fluid dielectric composition adapted for use in high voltage electrical apparatus consisting essentially; of a mineral oil, from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight of 8- hydroxy quinoline, and from 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of ditertiary butyl paracresol based on the total weight of the composition, said ditertiary butyl paracresol and said 8-hydroxy quinoline cooperating with the other components of the fluid dielectric and with the electrical apparatus to prevent a substantial increase in the power factor of said apparatus during use.
  • An electrical apparatus comprising in combination an electrical conductor and a dielectric fluid applied to the conductor, the dielectric fluid consisting essentially of a mineral oil, from 0.01% to 2.35% by weight of 8- hydroxy quinoline, and from 0.1% to 0.5% by Weight of ditertiary butyl paracresol based on the total Weight of the dielectric fluid, said ditertiary butyl paracresol and said 8hydroxy quinoline cooperating with the other components of the fluid dielectric and With the apparatus to prevent a substantial increase in the power factor of said apparatus during use.
  • An electrical transformer comprising in combination electrical coils and a core immersed in a dielectric liquid consisting essentially of a mineral oil, from 0.01% to 0.1% by Weight of 8-hydroXy quinoline, and from 0.1% to 0.5% by Weight 01": ditertiary butyl paracresol based on the total weight of the composition, said ditertiary butyl paracresol and said S-hydroxy quinoline cooperating with the other components of the fluid dielectric and with the electrical apparatus to prevent a substantial increase in the power factor of said apparatus during use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US483104A 1955-01-20 1955-01-20 Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly Expired - Lifetime US2892166A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US483104A US2892166A (en) 1955-01-20 1955-01-20 Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly
ES0225861A ES225861A1 (es) 1955-01-20 1955-12-29 Un aparato eléctrico que comprende un conductor eléctrico y un fluido dieléctrico aplicado al conductor
GB692/56A GB795138A (en) 1955-01-20 1956-01-09 Improvements in or relating to dielectric fluids
CH343474D CH343474A (de) 1955-01-20 1956-01-14 Isolierflüssigkeit für elektrische Apparate
FR1145374D FR1145374A (fr) 1955-01-20 1956-01-19 Additif pour liquide diélectrique
JP126856A JPS325545B1 (fr) 1955-01-20 1956-01-20

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US483104A US2892166A (en) 1955-01-20 1955-01-20 Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2892166A true US2892166A (en) 1959-06-23

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US483104A Expired - Lifetime US2892166A (en) 1955-01-20 1955-01-20 Additive for dielectric fluid of transformer assembly

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US (1) US2892166A (fr)
JP (1) JPS325545B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH343474A (fr)
ES (1) ES225861A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1145374A (fr)
GB (1) GB795138A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981910A (en) * 1958-10-29 1961-04-25 Gen Electric Coil for electrical induction apparatus
US3094583A (en) * 1959-03-24 1963-06-18 Anaconda Wire And Cabie Compan High voltage electric power cables
US3413404A (en) * 1965-02-16 1968-11-26 Gen Electric Electrical apparatus and dielectric material therefor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3145258A (en) * 1959-08-21 1964-08-18 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Treated insulation impregnant for high voltage electrical cable

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2012302A (en) * 1933-04-04 1935-08-27 Gen Electric Halogenated material and process of preparing the same
US2012301A (en) * 1933-04-04 1935-08-27 Gen Electric Halogenated polyphenyl ketone
US2030033A (en) * 1933-06-10 1936-02-04 Standard Oil Co Treatment of cracked petroleum distillates
US2257870A (en) * 1940-10-31 1941-10-07 Gulf Research Development Co Insulating oil
US2647824A (en) * 1949-01-26 1953-08-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Stabilized compositions containing hydrogenated quinolines with oxidation inhibitors
US2676926A (en) * 1950-07-03 1954-04-27 Standard Oil Dev Co Stabilizer for petroleum products

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2012302A (en) * 1933-04-04 1935-08-27 Gen Electric Halogenated material and process of preparing the same
US2012301A (en) * 1933-04-04 1935-08-27 Gen Electric Halogenated polyphenyl ketone
US2030033A (en) * 1933-06-10 1936-02-04 Standard Oil Co Treatment of cracked petroleum distillates
US2257870A (en) * 1940-10-31 1941-10-07 Gulf Research Development Co Insulating oil
US2647824A (en) * 1949-01-26 1953-08-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Stabilized compositions containing hydrogenated quinolines with oxidation inhibitors
US2676926A (en) * 1950-07-03 1954-04-27 Standard Oil Dev Co Stabilizer for petroleum products

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981910A (en) * 1958-10-29 1961-04-25 Gen Electric Coil for electrical induction apparatus
US3094583A (en) * 1959-03-24 1963-06-18 Anaconda Wire And Cabie Compan High voltage electric power cables
US3413404A (en) * 1965-02-16 1968-11-26 Gen Electric Electrical apparatus and dielectric material therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1145374A (fr) 1957-10-25
CH343474A (de) 1959-12-31
ES225861A1 (es) 1956-03-01
GB795138A (en) 1958-05-14
JPS325545B1 (fr) 1957-07-26

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