US288157A - William baxter - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

w. BAXTER, Jr. VOLTAIG ARG LIGHT.

Patented' Nov. 6,

N. remis. mmm. wllwm. D. a

Unirse Srnirns Winnimii BAXTER, l`or Jnnsnr CITY, NEW Jnnsnr.

'SPECIFICATION forming partlofV Lette'sflac't, No. I2558,15?,dated November 6, TSS. y

` Application-fileddunuary i9, 1883. (No model.) r

sey City, in Hudson county, 4New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Voltaic-Arc Lights, fully described and represented in the following specification andthe accompanying drawings, forming apart ofthej K ibut, on the other hand, both carbonsare vve'o'n- Same.

llhis invention consists in an improved vapj paratus for burning an electric-arc light vilnja.

closed receiver; and its nature and :the combinations of mechanism employed 'will be ful-l'y understood from the drawings and description.

The advantages of incl'osin'g an "arc-'light 'in a .chamber Whichis air-tight, or practically so,

are numerous. In the first place it .reduces the consumption of the carbone. Inth'esecond place it prevents all ilickering'of thelight that j is due to the action of strong currents `of air;

upon the are, orto the vibrations oi' 'the can bons caused `by such currents, or to the blaze; ing up of the arc,V 'which is 'so common fin long: arcs with currents fof high tension and small' quantity. In my invention the electrodes, af-,f ter being properly adjusted and secured in their respective holders, areplaced Within a closely- Asi soon as the current is turned on and thefarcis formed, combustion begins; butas theamount fitted or practically air-tight receiver.

of oxygen confined in the receiver is very small, it soon' enters into :combustion with the substance of the electrodaforming an oxide, Y Asy it requires about onehundred and fifty cubic `:feet of air` to convert one Ipound ofcarbon into Ecarb onc acid, it is evident that' if the receiver which holds the carbone has a c'apacity'of onethird of a, cubic foot, thea'mount of carbon'reg and thus preventing further combustion.

quired to absorblall the oxygen would be a` very small portion of the Whole.

When an arc-light burns in'th'copen air, the carbone are consumed in part by oxidation and in part by thetransfer of minutepart-icle's from one pole to the other. When the arc is inclosed in. an air-tight receiver such as luse, all the consu'mptiondue to chemical 'action is prevented, and the disintegration caused by the passage of the current is reduced in great degree. This decrease in consumption by the action of the current is due to the fact 'that when the are is maintained in the fopen fair some ofthe carbon particles in passingffrom one electrode to the other are divert-ed from theirrcourseby the action of the wind-,sothau although there is a tendency to accumulat'eon one carbon as much matter asis takeno the other, no such action is noticeable in practice;

su'med.V When4 the arc burns in an 'airtight 5 globe, the amount of matter Whichis deposited 'upon 'the lower `carbon is about equal 'to that 'which vis taken from it7 so that its actual confsuniptionis inappreciable. An ordinary/Zarclightis strongly affected by4 high winds, vand the' arc is frequently blown out entirely, Anecessitating an vactual contact of the cai-bons Ato re-establish'it; or the upper carbon lis :caused to vibrate, thus making the light V'very nnst'eady. When the arc becomes too greatfand the current thereby Weakened,'the carbonsafie apt to blaze up. This not only increases Athe consumption of the carbon, but reduces theintensity ofthe light and changes its color, lbecause the flame shades the arc, stopping the light and changing the color of such light as passes through. In my lamp thea'rc cannot blaze up, because there is no oxygen present to support combustion, and without 'combustion there can be no blaze. The-action 'ofthe electrodes under. these conditions Aalso tends to maintain the focus of the light at the saine point continuously, owing to the deposiltupon the apex oi the lower carbon, and my lamp is therefore peculiarly adapted for use ivithfa reflector.

In the devices heretofore employed 4'to protect the arc from oxidation and from iatures'- pheric disturbances constructions have been employed which do not applyto thessp'ende'd arc-light regulators now in general 'user or Whichdo not afford the same convenience in removing the globe for cleaning or when broken as in my construction. As la globei's liable to be broken at any time and requires cleaning Whenever a new carb on is inserted, lit

is obvious that a small point in the connection results obtained by inclosing an arc-light'i'n 'ico lt Will therefore be seentha-twhile the 3o no pressure exerted upon such joint, the slight Vdisturbance of equilibrium of' pressure caused Y VIo 2 l u essere? an air-tight chamber are far superior to those obtained in the ordinary way, unless the devices employed, to accomplish the purpose are such as cause objections in no other direction, they can have no practical value. As it is necessary, even in an air-tight arc-lamp, to renew the carbons from time to time, it must be so made that this can be done readily. It is also 'necessary that the carbons should be fed together by some automatic mechanism governed by the current, and as this may be deranged bon-chamber and the regulator-chamber, so'

` that the positive electrode may move into the carbon-chamber through a joint tight enough to prevent any circulation of air, because it is useful to protect the feeding mechanism from the corroding-gases liberated by the action of electric arc upon the carbon and other matters associated therewith. As the receiver in which the arc burns is not exhausted, there is by the consumption of the oxygen in the receiver G being immediately made good by a passage of air from the case B, past the pack- -ing c, into the receiver C, and there is therefore no difficulty in securing the desired result by passing the rod which holds the carbon through a closely-iittinghole, or through a iieXible disk of yielding but air-tight material, as india-rubber. f

In the drawings annexed I have shown two different constructions for the connection between the glass globe used to inclose the carbons-and the frame ofthe mechanism used to regulate the movements of the adjustable car- Figure l isa side elevation, chiefly in section, at the center line of a lamp in which the globe is clamped between two movable frames.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a lamp in which theV larged sectional view of the lower part of the casing B.

My improvements are intended for application to all forms of arc-light having a moving carbon, and their operation is entirely inde- 'pendent ofthe mechanical construction or operation of the regulating-devices, beingbased upon the chemical constitution of the carbons and their action when operated to form an electric arc.

In the drawings, A is the regulator, shown of the form described in a patent previously allowed to me, and havinga casing, B, of' cylindrical form, applied to inclose it entirely from the air. Although round, the casing constitutes the supporting-frame for the regulating .Y

mechanism, and is shown herein las provided with a frame, B, at the bottom, in which the movable carbon is accommodated while it is fed into the arc-receiver C. In this receiver the car- Vbons meet and form the light, and as the movable carbon is the one almost exclusively consumed, the point of meeting is about the middle of the depth of the glass globe, which is now never made deep enough to accommodate the whole of the movable carbon, as the latter is formed of as great length as possible to secure durability. A suitable inclosed space ab ove the globe is therefore required in my invention, to accommodate the carbon and the holder by which it is propelled. The holder is shown herein as attached to the lower end of a long feed-rod, b, actuated automatically by the regu- A a lating devices.I

The regulator as constructed by me consists of certain magneto-electric devices actuated bythe voltaic current, and operating upon two rollers, a a, Fig. l, which are mounted so as to clamp the carbon-rod b, and to rotate at the same rate as the carbon is consumed.

As the regulating and propelling devices are immaterial, to the operation of my improvement, they are not fully illustrated here/- in, the connection of the`receiver with the reg- IOO ulator A by its frame being the material part of the construction. Such connection consists in forming a seat, G, upon the frame B/, against which seat the receiver is held by various clamping devices. Thatshown in Fig. l consists in a sliding cross-bar, E, fitted to the frame B, and connected by two rods, E', to a I bottom frame, F, carrying the lower-carbon holder F. A seat, G', is formed around the holder F', and the globe() is clamped between `the two seats by forcing the bar E upward by a nut, H, applied to a screw-thread, c, upon the outside of the frame or sleeve B. Upon slacking the nut the frame F isseparatfed from the frame B', and the globe can be removed, the points of the carbons being in practice thus separated sufficiently to tip the globe over between them. The seats are shown supplied with a layer of packing, d-as asbestusheld in place by a ring, d, and screws c.

In`Fig. 2 the receiver is shown as a globe open only at the top end, into which the lower-carbon holder F is suspended by two rods, f, the upper ends of which are secured in a flange, g, formed upon the frame Bl inside the seat G. The margin ofthe seat is shown provided with four lugs, h, and clamping-screws li', and the globe is formed with an annular projecting flange, z', having a bevel upon its under side, so that it may be pressed against IIO ` fr' and their arrangement.

^ pressure.

assaut" Y Y i `3 the seat by the points of the screws h', upon which the globe hangs. The slacking of two or more of the screws enables the flange i to be slipped off of the screws and the globe dropped down to expose the carbons.

l'llhe screws h (shown in Figs. 2 and 3)` operate to induce a movement in the iiang'e 'i at right angles to the direction or length of the screws, owing to the bevel upon the under side of the flange, and the points of the screws may therefore be tapered, as shown in the figures, lor rounded, if preferred.

Figs. 3 and a show the ring d and the screws c for holding the packing d upon the seats G and G, and the former gure shows the screws From this view it is obvious that three screws might be used,

`as a very light pressureis suihcient to make a joint upon-a receiver having the same internal and external pressure, as in my constructions, and that for the purposes of this invention a tight joint is very easily made and maintained from the absence ,of any material As the frames of arc lights or lamps differ from one another, it is obvious that the mode of connecting the trunk to thesame would need to be modified to suit the various frames used, but that to carry out my invention it must make a substantially air-tight joint with the casing and receiver both.k This may be done in other than the two ways shown herein in Figs. 1 and 2, and I do not therefore limit myself to the precise mode of connection, provided a trunk be used, as shown and described, to accommodate the long body of the carbon above the receiver C, and the body of the rod b, projected. down from the casing B when the carbon is nearly consumed. Such Y trunk obviates the usevof a glass globe as deep as the length of the uppercarbon, and secures a removable and close contact or connection between the globe-receiver and the casing B.

I am aware that globes have been fastened to hinged metallic tubes for securing easy access to the carbons, and do not therefore claim any hinge or permanent connection between my receiver and trunk, (or casing) the object of my invention being to secure the entire removal of the receiver from the lamp or carbon-holders as the most convenient means of cleaning the globes and replacing a broken one with a new one.

In Fig. 5 is shown an enlarged sectional view of the lower part of the easing B, exhib iting the construction of thepacking or joint f around the rod b, and showing a'safety-valve `seated in the casing at its bottom. The valve is constructed of a screw, t, inserted loosely in a smooth round hole drilled through the shell of the casing. Anut is applied to the end of the screw inside the casing, anda spring, u. serves to hold the head kof the screw against the outside of the easing to stop the hole. Any expansion of the gases in the receiver C is felt in the casing B, 4and a sufficient amount is discharged around the stem 0f' the screw to produce an equilibrium of x, a hole being made in thecenter of the disk to lit the rod, which would then bend the disk at the center, as shown, and slip through it freely while still in contact therewith. Vith such a joint between the casing of the regulator and the receiver, the former need not necessarily be made air-tight, but may be open yto constant inspection. I have, however, shown the regulator in all the views provided with the usual dust-excluding casing, B, and for the purposes of this invention I form it with a joint, as at q in Fig. l, to admit of removing the casing to regulate the mechanism inside. The joint g is formed by screwing the upper part of the case upon the lower, and when the j upper .part is removed and fresh air admitted, the packing c serves to prevent free access of Vsuch air to the receiver, which would occur if an open channel existed between them. It is not required that the packing o shall be so tightv as to absolutely prevent the passage of air, because, as before stated, the pressure IOO holder F', from the trunk B or receiver-seat g G, thus maintaining the lower carbon in its normal position when the receiver is removed.

lam' aware that certain elements of my invention have been used before, and are shown in British Patents Nos. 2,7%E of 1880 and 2,563 of 1881, and l do not therefore claim the same, except as hereinafter specifically set forth.

I am aware that devices have been made to operate an arc-light in a tight receiver and to feed `a regulated supply of air thereto, and do not claim herein any construction adapted to such a mode of operation.

My invention is adapted to secure a more convenient means of access to the interior of thereceiver and casing, and consists, therefore,

in constructive features such as I have herein claimed only. I

Having thus fully set forth the nature of my invention, I claim as follows;

1. The casing B, inclosing the regulator and the receiver C4 for the carbon peints, constituting a practically air #tight inclosure for said regulator and carbon points, separated into two independent chambers by a packing IIO 4 i Y n @sealer or slip-joint, throughv which the carbon-rod b passes, as set iorth. I

2. The regulator-case B, provided with the packing c, the frame B', provided With the seat G, and bevel-pointed screws h, combined with the receiver G, having a-lange, i, around its mouth, adapted to engage the pointed ends of the screws h and be thereby forced against i 'the seat G, as setforth.

3. The combination, with the casing B, rod

-b, frame B', connected tightly to the receiver,

and the receiver itself, of the flexible packed joint for the rod b, formed of the yielding Washer o and clampingring w, as herein shown and described.

hand in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

` WVM. BAXTER, JR. Witnesses: p

v Trios. S. CRANE,

W. F. D. CRANE.

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