US2881350A - Reflex klystron-type electron tube - Google Patents

Reflex klystron-type electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2881350A
US2881350A US470913A US47091354A US2881350A US 2881350 A US2881350 A US 2881350A US 470913 A US470913 A US 470913A US 47091354 A US47091354 A US 47091354A US 2881350 A US2881350 A US 2881350A
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United States
Prior art keywords
space
cathode
reflector
electron
anode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US470913A
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English (en)
Inventor
Veith Werner
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • the invention is particularly important for reflex klystrons and other similar tubes in which is obtained anelectron reversal.
  • care is usually taken to keep the plate voltage as low as possible while using a current as high as possible.
  • the increase in the efliciency that may thereby be obtained is, however, limited by two conditions, namely, first by the yield of the tube and, second, by the effect of the space charge in the reflector area.
  • the invention points another way, namely, the provision of means for considerably reducing the space charge in the reversal space.
  • the spreading apart is in accordance with the invention not prevented; on the contrary, the space charge in the reversal space is appreciably reduced, for example, by the provision of a particularly large reflector surface.
  • the invention accordingly deviates from the usual reflex klystrons in which the electrons move in a certain direction and permits the electrons to diverge ray-like in all directions. With high current densities, there is, due to the high space charge at any rate even in the nondelayed portion of the path a great outwardly directed force, and this force is preferably utilized for the production of the divergent ray beam.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement comprising an anode and a large area concave cathode 1 with relatively low current density, which is in known manner employed so as to produce at a point Within the anode space a narrow beam.
  • This beam diverges upon passing through the anode 10 and through the gap formed by grid electrodes 4 and 5 which are connected with walls 2 and 3 of the resonator and thereupon spreads strongly due to the previously described space charge forces.
  • a concave plate is provided which serves as a reflector. The electron motion takes place within the beam indicated by the dotted lines 7 and 8.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates another embodiment.
  • This cathode may, for example, be a capillary metal cathode with high electron yield, which is disposed 2,881,350 Patented Apr. 7, 1959 so close to the anode 10 that very high current values can be produced at relatively low voltage.
  • the result is again a, strongly diverging ray beam.
  • the remaining numerals in Fig. 2 indicate parts corresponding to those indicated by like numerals in Fig. l.
  • This steepness represents a criterion for the quality of the phase focusing of a reflex klystron, because it signifies that only few electrons of a certain velocity group return to the grid space and that the initiation of the oscill'ation with a certain frequency is possible only with a low degree of efiicieucy. Contrariwise, great steepness signifies the initiation of a certain frequency with a high degree of efliciency.
  • the two grids of the oscillation circuit are in the two figures concave with respect to the entering primary ray and are preferably not disposed directly at the narrowest area of the beam, so that the arrangement may have a relatively great grid capacitance. This arrangement causes a deterioration of the circuit quality, which is however compensated by the increased current and by the conditions in the reflector space which are improved by the invention.
  • the reflex klystrons according to the invention are due to their relatively great band width particularly suitable for modulation purposes.
  • a reflex klystron-type electron tube for very short waves, having a cathode and an anode spaced therefrom and defining an electron acceleration space therewith and having grid means spaced from said anode and forming a gap, and having a reflector forming a reflection surface spaced from said grid means and defining therewith an entirely unobstructed electron reflection space, a resonator disposed entirely outside said reflection space and connected with said grid means, the electron beam emanating from said cathode progressively diverging along its passage from said anode and across said gap and thereupon strongly spreading on its passage across said reflection space.
  • the ratio of the effective reflection surface of said reflector to the cathode surface being greater than twice the ratio of the square of the suppression path across said reflection space and the acceleration ing across said acceleration space.
  • an electron tube for very short waves operating in the manner of a reflex klystron and having a cathode and an anode spaced therefrom and defining an electron acceleration space therewith and having grid means spaced from said anode and mutually spaced by a gap, and having a concave reflector forming a relatively largearea reflection surface spaced from said grid means and defining an entirely unobstructed electron reflection space therewith, said reflector operating in the manner of a reflex electrode, a resonator disposed entirely outside said reflection space and connected with said grid means, said grid means controlling the electron beam emanating from said cathode to diverge progressively along its passage from said anode and across the gap therebetween, thereby causing said beam to spread strongly on its passage across said electron reflection space to said reflecpath extendv tion surface, electron reversal being efiected within said reflection space, the ratio of the effective reflection surface of said reflector to the'jcathode surface being greater than twice the ratio of the square of the suppression path

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US470913A 1953-12-23 1954-11-24 Reflex klystron-type electron tube Expired - Lifetime US2881350A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES36920A DE1098626B (de) 1953-12-23 1953-12-23 Elektronenstrahlroehre fuer sehr kurze elektrische Wellen mit einem vor einer Reflexionselektrode liegenden Koppelspalt, insbesondere nach Art eines Reflexklystrons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2881350A true US2881350A (en) 1959-04-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US470913A Expired - Lifetime US2881350A (en) 1953-12-23 1954-11-24 Reflex klystron-type electron tube

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2881350A (de)
CH (1) CH324328A (de)
DE (1) DE1098626B (de)
FR (1) FR1144145A (de)
GB (1) GB780044A (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB602796A (en) * 1944-01-05 1948-06-03 Bernard Joseph Mayo Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices employing hollow resonators
US2460332A (en) * 1941-03-29 1949-02-01 Emi Ltd Electron discharge device
US2513371A (en) * 1945-02-01 1950-07-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermally tunable cavity resonator electron discharge device
GB665505A (en) * 1948-07-10 1952-01-23 Csf Improvements in velocity-modulated valves of the reflex type
US2659024A (en) * 1948-05-05 1953-11-10 Csf Velocity modulated tube of the reflex type

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE471082A (de) * 1943-03-09
US2482769A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-09-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2460332A (en) * 1941-03-29 1949-02-01 Emi Ltd Electron discharge device
GB602796A (en) * 1944-01-05 1948-06-03 Bernard Joseph Mayo Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices employing hollow resonators
US2513371A (en) * 1945-02-01 1950-07-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermally tunable cavity resonator electron discharge device
US2659024A (en) * 1948-05-05 1953-11-10 Csf Velocity modulated tube of the reflex type
GB665505A (en) * 1948-07-10 1952-01-23 Csf Improvements in velocity-modulated valves of the reflex type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1098626B (de) 1961-02-02
CH324328A (de) 1957-09-15
GB780044A (en) 1957-07-31
FR1144145A (fr) 1957-10-09

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