US2881065A - Polishing instrument - Google Patents
Polishing instrument Download PDFInfo
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- US2881065A US2881065A US640980A US64098057A US2881065A US 2881065 A US2881065 A US 2881065A US 640980 A US640980 A US 640980A US 64098057 A US64098057 A US 64098057A US 2881065 A US2881065 A US 2881065A
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- particles
- abrasive
- abrasive particles
- plastic
- polyurethane
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960005349 sulfur Drugs 0.000 description 7
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
- B24D11/005—Making abrasive webs
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the manufacture of articles having abrasive particles embedded therein and more particularly to an improved method for making solid polyurethane plastic polishing tools containing abrasive particles. Still more particularly, the invention relates to endless belts and the like having abrasive particles embedded therein and to a method for making such belts suitable for polishing various surfaces including,
- the heretofore available abrasive polishing belts are composed of an endless cloth belt having abrasive particles bound to the surface thereof. Such belts tea-r easily and wear excessively with the result that theirv service life is relatively short. Moreover, itis diflicult to secure the abrasive particles to the cloth andthe particles become detached rather easily as the belt is used. Another disadvantage of the cloth or other textile polishing belts is that the abrasive particles are only on the surface.
- Another object is to provide grinding instruments which produce a microfinish on various types of tools and machine parts.
- a more specific object of the invention is to provide an endless abrasive polishing belt having an improved service life'and a method for making such a belt.
- particles of an abrasive are dispersed in a more uniform distribution in a polyurethane plastic matrix.
- Those processes involve. wetting or coating the surface of the abrasive particles with a dispersing agentsuch as, for example, a polyfunce tional-isocyanate'or a suitable lubricant of the group represented by silicone oil, hydrocarbons, molybdenum sulfide and sulfur, prior to mixing the.abr-asive particles with the polyurethane plastic.
- Suitable hydrocarbons include graphite, paraffin wax, microcrystalline mineral wax and naturaloccurring waxes, such as ceresin and-the,
- the abrasive articles may contain particles of any suitable abrasive material, such as, for example, Carborundum, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, diamonds and the like.
- an endless polishing belt having a much longer life than the heretofore available cloth belts may be made by dispersing particles of an abrasive in a polyurethane plastic mass and casting the mixture before it has hardened.
- the instant invention therefore provides a method for dispersing abrasive particles uniformly throughout a plastic mass and for form-
- the belts are preferably formed by a centrifugal casting process but may also be formed by conventional molding procedures. It is preferred, in order to insure substantially .uniform distribution of the abrasive particles in the finished belt, to wet the particles with a dispersing agent prior to mixing them with the castable polyurethane plastic melt.
- the dispersing agent may be an isocyanate or a lubricant of the type disclosed in my earlier applications.
- Any suitable isocyanate may be utilized as the dispersing agent for treating the surface of the abrasive particles before they are mixed with the polyurethane plastic, but the isocyanate must have a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least as 'reactive as triphenylmethyl triisocyanate or p, p'-diphenylmethyl diisocyanate with such a compound.
- Triphenylmethyl triisocyanate has been found particularly advantageous and is preferred.
- isocyanates examples include p,p-diphenylmethyl diisocyanate and any other aromatic polyisocyanate having a reactivity equivalent to or better than the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate or p,pdiphenylmethyl diisocyanate. Triisocyanates and diisocyanates of the required degree of reactivity are preferred;
- Any suitable lubricant of the group represented'by silicone oil, hydrocarbons, molybdenum sulfide and sul fur as well as a polyisocyanate may be utilized as the dispersing agent.
- suitable hydrocarbons are graphite, parafiin wax, microcrystalline mineral wax, natural occurring waxes such as ceresin and the likel
- the ratio of lubricant to abrasive particles must preferably be about 1 part by weight abrasive particles to about 12 parts by weight lubricant.
- Any suitable abrasive particle may be utilized, such as, for example, Carborundum, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten, carbide, diamonds and the like.
- the abrasive particles may be mixed withany suitable liquid polyurethane plastic that will solidify to produce a hard rubber-like material.
- suitable liquid polyurethane plastics are disclosed in US. ljatent 2,729,618.
- glycol In preparing the plastic, an excess of glycol should be utilized over that required to react with all of the carbonyl groups of the dicarboxylic acids in order that the terminal, groups of the polyester will be OH groups.
- 1,2-pro-pylene glycol or other suitable compound having the general formula R( OH) 2 in which R may be a divalent hydrocarbon radical-ora divalent radical in which the carbon chain isinterrupted; 0 by -O, N -S- or -SO;, with a dicarboxylic' acid, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid,, ari lad p e acid, m l d an th ik Ma t er.
- R may be a divalent hydrocarbon radical-ora divalent radical in which the carbon chain isinterrupted
- 0 by -O, N -S- or -SO with a dicarboxylic' acid, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid,, ari lad p e acid, m l d an th ik Ma t er.
- the abrasive particles may be wet with the isocyanate torlubricant byanysuitable process,such as, foriexample, spraying .theliquid isocyanate .or liquid lubricant over the .surface of the abrasive particles or by stirring or otherwise agitating the abrasive particles and the isocyanate or lubricant together.
- the abrasive particles and solid lubricant, such as graphite may be itumbled together to properly coat .the abrasive particles.
- the resulting pretreated abrasive particles are then mixed -with a liquid plastic urethane such as, :for :example, a molten polyurethane, and then agitating the resulting mixture until a substantially homogeneous dispersion .of the particles in the plastic massis obtained.
- a liquid plastic urethane such as, :for :example, a molten polyurethane
- agitating the resulting mixture until a substantially homogeneous dispersion .of the particles in the plastic massis obtained.
- the mass is poured ;into a suit- .ablemold and cast into a rubbery elastic state. This casting process is usually brought about by heating the mass while it is confined in the mold 'for .a period .of time ;at an elevated temperature until curing occurs.
- the plastic mass may be .heated for about 24 hours at about 110 C. at which timeit will haveassumed .rubbery elastic properties.
- the product-obtained bysuch a process has been found to have a surface which contains substantially evenly dispersed exposed particles of abratsive that offer a surface suitable for grinding precision parts to close tolerances. Because of the homogeneity of the product and the properties of the polyurethane plastic, the resulting tool is advantageous .for ,grinding various types of articles where precision isrequired such as, for example, for the surfacing of ball bearings, metal working dies, punches and the like.
- the polyurethane plastic mass having the homogeneously dispersed particles of abrasive may be poured over a heated plate and spread out into a thin coating of the desired thickness. This coating may then be cured by any suitable means, such as by heating for about 24 hours at about 110 C..and removed :from the plate to provide the thin sheet or ribbonof plastic impregnated with abrasive particles.
- the polyester-isocyanate reaction product is stirred with about 7 0parts by weight 1,4-butanedil until .it .is completely mixed before it is mixed with the abrasive material.
- the mixture of .polyurethane plastic and abrasive particles is stirred vigorously until the particles of abrasive are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout .the plastic mass.
- the fluid mass is then poured into a mold that has been heated to about 110 C. and the mold and its contents are maintained at this temperature v.until the mass has cured. Usually about.24 hours will be required for curing the plastic at this temperature. Other curing temperatures may be used but usually thecuring timerequired increases as the curing temperature is decreased.
- about 600 parts by weight commercial grade Carborundum or other suitable abrasive particles are mixed by stirring with about .50 parts of a suitable technical grade silicone oil having a'viscosity of about 100 centistokes. 'The wet'particles are then mixed with 'a polyester-isocyanate mixture of generally the same composition used in the foregoing embodiment and later about 70 parts 1,4-butanediol are added. The mass is stirred vigorously until a uniform distribution of particles in the liquid polyurethane plastic is obtained. Usually about 30 seconds are required. The liquid mixture is poured into prepared forms such as a suitable mold which have been :heated to about 110 C.
- the mixture is left in the mold, usually for about 24 hours, until the polyurethane plastic has solidified. If thin sheets of plastic'having abrasive particles embedded therein are desired, the mass may be poured over the surface of a heated plate and spread into a film or layer-of desired "thickness.
- an endless belt 1 may be cast by conventional centrifugal casting methods in any suitable width.
- the resulting endless belt may then be cut by means of knives or other suitable cutting instruments into a plurality of narrower bands or endless belts .2 as indicated in the drawing.
- Each of theresulting bands '2 is formed of polyurethane plastic base 3 having abrasive particles 4 embedded therein but exposed at the surface of the belt;
- abrasive particles which may be any'suitable abrasive particle, such as, for example, Carborundum, diamond dust, boron-carbide, silicon carbide or the like, are mixed with about 50 parts of a suitable dispersing agent, such as, for example, a silicone oil having a vis- *cosity'ofabout centistokes.
- a suitable dispersing agent such as, for example, a silicone oil having a vis- *cosity'ofabout centistokes.
- the resulting wet'abrasive particles are mixed with a castable melt of polyurethane plastic prepared from about 1,000 parts of a linear aliphatic hydroxyl polyester having an acid number of about 1, an hydroxyl number of about 50 and a molecular weight of about 200 and about 300 parts '15- naphthylene diisocyanate. About 70 parts by 'weight 1,4-butanediol are added and the mixture stirred until a uniform distribution of particles isobtained.
- the fluid 'mass may then be poured into conventional centrifugal casting apparatus and cast into endless belts of polyurethane plastic having abrasive particles exposed at the surface thereof.
- the cast belt is then cured at a'tcmperature of about C. until the polyurethane plastic has hardened and set. This band may then be cut into narrower widths if desired.
- the abrasive particles wet with an isocyanate, silicone oil or other suitable dispersing agent may be mixed with the liquid polyurethane plastic in the-centrifugal casting cylinder.
- One of the primary advantages of the polyurethane polishing belt over the cloth belts is that the abrasive particles are distributed throughout the thickness of the belt and the belt can thus be used as it wears and'becomes thinner to thepoint where it is so thin it breaks,
- silicone oil any liquid liquid'hydrocarbopolysiloxane which has a viscosity of about 50-500 centistokes/ZO" C.
- Illustrative examples of silicone oils useful in this invention are dimethyl-siloxane polymers with a viscosity of '50 centistokes/20 C., of centistokes/20 C. and 440 centistokes/20 3C.
- the foregoing embodiment has'been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scopevf gssgoes the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.
- Other suitable cross-linking agents may be substituted for the 1,4-butanediol including 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the like to bring about curing of the isocyanate-modified polyester.
- the polyester is preferably prepared from adipic acid and ethylene glycol but any suitable dicarboxylic acid and hydroxy compound may be utilized.
- Sufficient isocyanate or lubricant is present in the abrasive material if each of the particles has a coating thereof.
- Any suitable plastic molding process may be used but as stated hereinbefore, centrifugal casting processes are preferred. If the abrasive particles are mixed with the polyurethane melt without first wetting them with a dispersing agent, the finished belt will not have the same degree of homogeneity as the belts made in accordance with the process of the preferred embodiment described above but such belts may be useful in some polishing operations and are superior to the prior art cloth belts.
- a method for making an endless polishing belt having particles of an abrasive embedded therein which comprises wetting abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound, mixing the resulting coated particles with a castable melt of a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic, casting the resulting mixture into an endless band, and curing the plastic.
- a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybden
- a method for making plastic articles having particles of an abrasive embedded therein which comprises mixing abrasive particles with a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic in the form of a castable melt, the improvement comprising coating the abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound before the abrasive is mixed with the polyurethane.
- a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax,
- An improved method for making substantially homogeneous polyurethane articles having particles of abrasive embedded therein comprising wetting abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polysiocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen 6 atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of tri phenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound, mixing the resulting coated particles with a castable melt of a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic, and thereafter pouring the resulting mixture into a mold and curing the plastic.
- a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C.,
- a castable melt suitable for shaping and curing to form a solidified substantially homogeneous polyurethane article having abrasive particles distributed therein and exposed at the surface thereof comprising, abrasive particles coated with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound and a substantially homogeneous polyurethane.
- a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a
- dispersing agent is a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound.
- An endless belt comprising a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic base having particles of an abrasive embedded in the surface thereof.
Description
Apnl 7, 1959 F. e. REUTER POLISHING INSTRUMENT Original Filed Jan. 23, 1957 .iBy
POLISHING INSTRUMENT Franz Gottfried Renter, Lemforde, Haunover, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Mobay Chemical Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware 14 Claims. (Cl. 51 -298) This invention relates generally to the manufacture of articles having abrasive particles embedded therein and more particularly to an improved method for making solid polyurethane plastic polishing tools containing abrasive particles. Still more particularly, the invention relates to endless belts and the like having abrasive particles embedded therein and to a method for making such belts suitable for polishing various surfaces including,
inter alia, glass and wood surfaces.
The heretofore available abrasive polishing belts are composed of an endless cloth belt having abrasive particles bound to the surface thereof. Such belts tea-r easily and wear excessively with the result that theirv service life is relatively short. Moreover, itis diflicult to secure the abrasive particles to the cloth andthe particles become detached rather easily as the belt is used. Another disadvantage of the cloth or other textile polishing belts is that the abrasive particles are only on the surface.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a process for making improved polishing tools. Still another object of the invention is to provide a process for making polishing tools having abrasive particles distributed homogeneously throughout the plastic article. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved process for making polyurethane articles having abrasive particles embedded therein which have outstanding polishing action on metal, glass and similar surfaces and permit grinding to close tolerances. further object is to provide a method for embedding particles of an abrasive in a polyurethane plastic having improved working characteristics and adaptability to pro- A still ducing articles of various shapes and dimensions.
Another object is to provide grinding instruments which produce a microfinish on various types of tools and machine parts. A more specific object of the invention is to provide an endless abrasive polishing belt having an improved service life'and a method for making such a belt.
yIn accordance with the processes described in my application Serial No. 625,624, filed December 3, 1956, and now abandoned, and my application Serial No. 635,597, filed; January 23, 1957, and now abandoned, of which this application is a continuation, particles of an abrasive are dispersed in a more uniform distribution in a polyurethane plastic matrix. Those processes involve. wetting or coating the surface of the abrasive particles with a dispersing agentsuch as, for example, a polyfunce tional-isocyanate'or a suitable lubricant of the group represented by silicone oil, hydrocarbons, molybdenum sulfide and sulfur, prior to mixing the.abr-asive particles with the polyurethane plastic. Suitable hydrocarbons include graphite, paraffin wax, microcrystalline mineral wax and naturaloccurring waxes, such as ceresin and-the,
like. It wasfound that a more homogeneous product in which the particles of-abrasive are more tightly bound to the plastic are produced if the particles of abrasive are wet with such a dispersing agent and the resultingwetof suitable polyesters include'the reaction product of an ing the resulting dispersion into an endless belt.
2,881,065 Patented Apr. 7, 1950 particles are then mixed with a castable polyurethane plastic. The abrasive articles may contain particles of any suitable abrasive material, such as, for example, Carborundum, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, diamonds and the like.
It has now been found that an endless polishing belt having a much longer life than the heretofore available cloth belts may be made by dispersing particles of an abrasive in a polyurethane plastic mass and casting the mixture before it has hardened. The instant invention therefore provides a method for dispersing abrasive particles uniformly throughout a plastic mass and for form- The belts are preferably formed by a centrifugal casting process but may also be formed by conventional molding procedures. It is preferred, in order to insure substantially .uniform distribution of the abrasive particles in the finished belt, to wet the particles with a dispersing agent prior to mixing them with the castable polyurethane plastic melt. The dispersing agent may be an isocyanate or a lubricant of the type disclosed in my earlier applications.
Any suitable isocyanate may be utilized as the dispersing agent for treating the surface of the abrasive particles before they are mixed with the polyurethane plastic, but the isocyanate must have a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least as 'reactive as triphenylmethyl triisocyanate or p, p'-diphenylmethyl diisocyanate with such a compound. Triphenylmethyl triisocyanate has been found particularly advantageous and is preferred. Examples of other suitable isocyanates include p,p-diphenylmethyl diisocyanate and any other aromatic polyisocyanate having a reactivity equivalent to or better than the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate or p,pdiphenylmethyl diisocyanate. Triisocyanates and diisocyanates of the required degree of reactivity are preferred;
Any suitable lubricant of the group represented'by silicone oil, hydrocarbons, molybdenum sulfide and sul fur as well as a polyisocyanate may be utilized as the dispersing agent. Examples of suitable hydrocarbons are graphite, parafiin wax, microcrystalline mineral wax, natural occurring waxes such as ceresin and the likel The ratio of lubricant to abrasive particles must preferably be about 1 part by weight abrasive particles to about 12 parts by weight lubricant. Thus, it is possible either to Wet or coat the particles with a polyisocyanate or with one of the aforementioned lubricants as disclosed in my earlier applications to provide an improved polyurethane plastic-abrasive endless belt. Any suitable abrasive particle may be utilized, such as, for example, Carborundum, boron carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten, carbide, diamonds and the like.
The abrasive particles may be mixed withany suitable liquid polyurethane plastic that will solidify to produce a hard rubber-like material. Examples of such polyurethane plastics are disclosed in US. ljatent 2,729,618.
In preparing the plastic, an excess of glycol should be utilized over that required to react with all of the carbonyl groups of the dicarboxylic acids in order that the terminal, groups of the polyester will be OH groups. Examples excess of a diol, such as, for example, ethylene glycol,
1,2-pro-pylene glycol, or other suitable compound having the general formula R( OH) 2 in which R may be a divalent hydrocarbon radical-ora divalent radical in which the carbon chain isinterrupted; 0 by -O, N -S- or -SO;, with a dicarboxylic' acid, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid,, ari lad p e acid, m l d an th ik Ma t er.
answers suitable .glycols and.-carboxylic acids aretdisclosed :in the aforesaid patent.
The abrasive particles may be wet with the isocyanate torlubricant byanysuitable process,such as, foriexample, spraying .theliquid isocyanate .or liquid lubricant over the .surface of the abrasive particles or by stirring or otherwise agitating the abrasive particles and the isocyanate or lubricant together. For example, the abrasive particles and solid lubricant, such as graphite, may be itumbled together to properly coat .the abrasive particles. The resulting pretreated abrasive particles are then mixed -with a liquid plastic urethane such as, :for :example, a molten polyurethane, and then agitating the resulting mixture until a substantially homogeneous dispersion .of the particles in the plastic massis obtained. ;In making various types of tools of the type disclosed .in my aforesaid earlier applications, the mass is poured ;into a suit- .ablemold and cast into a rubbery elastic state. This casting process is usually brought about by heating the mass while it is confined in the mold 'for .a period .of time ;at an elevated temperature until curing occurs. :In one .embodiment the plastic mass may be .heated for about 24 hours at about 110 C. at which timeit will haveassumed .rubbery elastic properties. The product-obtained bysuch a process has been found to have a surface which contains substantially evenly dispersed exposed particles of abratsive that offer a surface suitable for grinding precision parts to close tolerances. Because of the homogeneity of the product and the properties of the polyurethane plastic, the resulting tool is advantageous .for ,grinding various types of articles where precision isrequired such as, for example, for the surfacing of ball bearings, metal working dies, punches and the like.
,As disclosed in my earlier applications, .if it :is desired to produce plastic articles having a relatively thin coat- 'ing .of abrasive particles, the polyurethane plastic mass having the homogeneously dispersed particles of abrasive may be poured over a heated plate and spread out into a thin coating of the desired thickness. This coating may then be cured by any suitable means, such as by heating for about 24 hours at about 110 C..and removed :from the plate to provide the thin sheet or ribbonof plastic impregnated with abrasive particles.
In preparing one embodiment of an abrasive article while using an isocyanate to improve the distribution of abrasive particles, about 600 parts by weight Carborundum .are coated with a solution of about 10% tripheny'lmethyl triisocyanate dissolved in a methylene chloride byspraying the solution over the abrasive particles. The resulting wet particles of Carborundum .are then mixed with a castable melt of polyurethane plastic prepared from about 1,000 parts of a linear aliphatic hydroxyl polyester having an acid number of about .1, an hydroxyl number of about 50 and a molecular weight of about 20.0 and about 300 parts 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate. The polyester-isocyanate reaction product is stirred with about 7 0parts by weight 1,4-butanedil until .it .is completely mixed before it is mixed with the abrasive material. The mixture of .polyurethane plastic and abrasive particles is stirred vigorously until the particles of abrasive are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout .the plastic mass. The fluid mass is then poured into a mold that has been heated to about 110 C. and the mold and its contents are maintained at this temperature v.until the mass has cured. Usually about.24 hours will be required for curing the plastic at this temperature. Other curing temperatures may be used but usually thecuring timerequired increases as the curing temperature is decreased.
In an embodiment of the invention disclosed in my earlier applications, about 600 parts by weight commercial grade Carborundum or other suitable abrasive particles :are mixed by stirring with about .50 parts of a suitable technical grade silicone oil having a'viscosity of about 100 centistokes. 'The wet'particles are then mixed with 'a polyester-isocyanate mixture of generally the same composition used in the foregoing embodiment and later about 70 parts 1,4-butanediol are added. The mass is stirred vigorously until a uniform distribution of particles in the liquid polyurethane plastic is obtained. Usually about 30 seconds are required. The liquid mixture is poured into prepared forms such as a suitable mold which have been :heated to about 110 C. The mixture is left in the mold, usually for about 24 hours, until the polyurethane plastic has solidified. If thin sheets of plastic'having abrasive particles embedded therein are desired, the mass may be poured over the surface of a heated plate and spread into a film or layer-of desired "thickness.
Referring now to the drawing, in one embodiment of the invention an endless belt 1:may be cast by conventional centrifugal casting methods in any suitable width. The resulting endless belt may then be cut by means of knives or other suitable cutting instruments into a plurality of narrower bands or endless belts .2 as indicated in the drawing. Each of theresulting bands '2 is formed of polyurethane plastic base 3 having abrasive particles 4 embedded therein but exposed at the surface of the belt;
In preparing a polyurethane plastic-abrasive mixture suitable for use in casting endless belts, about 600 parts by weight abrasive particles which may be any'suitable abrasive particle, such as, for example, Carborundum, diamond dust, boron-carbide, silicon carbide or the like, are mixed with about 50 parts of a suitable dispersing agent, such as, for example, a silicone oil having a vis- *cosity'ofabout centistokes. The resulting wet'abrasive particles are mixed with a castable melt of polyurethane plastic prepared from about 1,000 parts of a linear aliphatic hydroxyl polyester having an acid number of about 1, an hydroxyl number of about 50 and a molecular weight of about 200 and about 300 parts '15- naphthylene diisocyanate. About 70 parts by 'weight 1,4-butanediol are added and the mixture stirred until a uniform distribution of particles isobtained. The fluid 'mass may then be poured into conventional centrifugal casting apparatus and cast into endless belts of polyurethane plastic having abrasive particles exposed at the surface thereof. The cast belt is then cured at a'tcmperature of about C. until the polyurethane plastic has hardened and set. This band may then be cut into narrower widths if desired.
In an alternate method for making endless polishing belts of polyurethane plastic base and having abrasive particles embedded therein but exposed at the surface of the belt, the abrasive particles wet with an isocyanate, silicone oil or other suitable dispersing agent, may be mixed with the liquid polyurethane plastic in the-centrifugal casting cylinder.
One of the primary advantages of the polyurethane polishing belt over the cloth belts is that the abrasive particles are distributed throughout the thickness of the belt and the belt can thus be used as it wears and'becomes thinner to thepoint where it is so thin it breaks,
The mechanism resulting in the improved adhesion with an isocyanate is not fully understood but it is believed that the polyisocyanate chemically attaches the particles of abrasive to the plastic, possibly through .reaction with -OH groups on the surface of the particles formed by oxidation and hydrolysis and -OH :groups in the polyurethane plastic-matrix.
By :silicone oil is meant any liquid liquid'hydrocarbopolysiloxane which has a viscosity of about 50-500 centistokes/ZO" C. Illustrative examples of silicone oils useful in this invention are dimethyl-siloxane polymers with a viscosity of '50 centistokes/20 C., of centistokes/20 C. and 440 centistokes/20 3C.
Althoughthe foregoing embodiment has'been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scopevf gssgoes the invention except as it may be limited by the claims. Other suitable cross-linking agents may be substituted for the 1,4-butanediol including 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the like to bring about curing of the isocyanate-modified polyester. For example, the polyester is preferably prepared from adipic acid and ethylene glycol but any suitable dicarboxylic acid and hydroxy compound may be utilized. Sufficient isocyanate or lubricant is present in the abrasive material if each of the particles has a coating thereof. Any suitable plastic molding process may be used but as stated hereinbefore, centrifugal casting processes are preferred. If the abrasive particles are mixed with the polyurethane melt without first wetting them with a dispersing agent, the finished belt will not have the same degree of homogeneity as the belts made in accordance with the process of the preferred embodiment described above but such belts may be useful in some polishing operations and are superior to the prior art cloth belts.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for making an endless polishing belt having particles of an abrasive embedded therein which comprises wetting abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound, mixing the resulting coated particles with a castable melt of a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic, casting the resulting mixture into an endless band, and curing the plastic.
2. In a method for making plastic articles having particles of an abrasive embedded therein which comprises mixing abrasive particles with a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic in the form of a castable melt, the improvement comprising coating the abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound before the abrasive is mixed with the polyurethane.
3. An improved method for making substantially homogeneous polyurethane articles having particles of abrasive embedded therein comprising wetting abrasive particles with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polysiocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen 6 atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of tri phenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound, mixing the resulting coated particles with a castable melt of a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic, and thereafter pouring the resulting mixture into a mold and curing the plastic.
4. The process of claim 2 wherein said particles are coated with a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C.
5. The process of claim 2 wherein said particles are coated with a wax.
6. A castable melt suitable for shaping and curing to form a solidified substantially homogeneous polyurethane article having abrasive particles distributed therein and exposed at the surface thereof comprising, abrasive particles coated with a dispersing agent compatible with a polyurethane melt and selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C., graphite, wax, molybdenum sulphide, sulfur and a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom that is at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound and a substantially homogeneous polyurethane.
7. The process of claim 2 wherein the dispersing agent is graphite.
8. The process of claim 2 wherein the dispersing agent is a polyisocyanate having a reactivity with a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom at least equivalent to the reactivity of triphenylmethyl triisocyanate with the said compound.
9. The process of claim 2 wherein the dispersing agent is sulfur.
10. The process of claim 2 wherein the dispersing agent is a molybdenum sulphide.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said particles are coated with silicone oil having a viscosity of from about 50 to about 500 centistokes at 20 C.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said particles are wet with an isocyanate.
13. The belt of claim 14 wherein said particles are Carborundum.
14. An endless belt comprising a substantially homogeneous polyurethane plastic base having particles of an abrasive embedded in the surface thereof.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,963,253 Upper June 19, 1934 2,333,917 Christ et al. Nov. 9, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS 643,964 Great Britain Oct. 4, 1950 716,422 Great Britain Oct. 6, 1954 733,624 Great Britain July 13, 1955
Claims (1)
- 6. A CASTABLE MELT SUITABLE FOR SHAPING AND CURING TO FORM A SOLIDIFIED SUBSTANTIALLY HOMOGENEOUS POLYURETHANE ARTICLE HAVING ABRASIVE PARTICLES DISTRIBUTED THEREIN AND EXPOSED AT THE SURFACE THEREOF COMPRISING, ABRASIVE PARTICLES COATED WITH A DISPERSING AGENT COMPATIBLE WITH A POLYURATHAN MELT AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SILICONE OIL HAVING A VISCOSITY OF FROM ABOUT 50 TO ABOUT 500 CENTISTOKES AT 20*C.,
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US640980A US2881065A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Polishing instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US640980A US2881065A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Polishing instrument |
Publications (1)
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US2881065A true US2881065A (en) | 1959-04-07 |
Family
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US640980A Expired - Lifetime US2881065A (en) | 1957-02-18 | 1957-02-18 | Polishing instrument |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2972527A (en) * | 1959-03-03 | 1961-02-21 | Chemical Res Corp | Abrasive products and method of making |
US3136614A (en) * | 1958-06-04 | 1964-06-09 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Coated abrasive products |
US3210303A (en) * | 1960-09-26 | 1965-10-05 | American Brake Shoe Co | Resin bonded friction composition product and method |
US3528789A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-09-15 | Gen Electric | Lubricating composition applied to boron nitride grinding wheels |
US3529945A (en) * | 1959-08-18 | 1970-09-22 | Sherwin Williams Co | Rotary brushing tool containing nonwoven fibrous material |
US3888640A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1975-06-10 | Ver Schmirgel & Maschf | Coating for flexible abrasive bands |
US3926585A (en) * | 1973-03-10 | 1975-12-16 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | Abrasive sheet containing a grain-size binder with wax particles |
US4021208A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1977-05-03 | Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerk Swarovski K.G. | Abrasive article |
US4035163A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1977-07-12 | Desoto, Inc. | Conditioning cleanser for ceramic surfaces |
US4049396A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1977-09-20 | National Research Development Corporation | Molded abrasive article comprising non-foamed, friable polyurethane and process |
US4126428A (en) * | 1976-01-14 | 1978-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive containing isocyanurate binder and method of producing same |
FR2396625A1 (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1979-02-02 | Crevoisier Rene | Endless abrasive grinding belts without joints - are cut from fabric tube and coated with abrasive material |
US4187082A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1980-02-05 | Guerra Humberto R | Dental finishing strips |
US20050244786A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | George Freedman | Dental finishing device |
US20070074457A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Takashi Ito | Polishing composition and polishing method |
US20100251624A1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-07 | Tadao Kodate | Plastic soft composition for polishing and for surface protective material application |
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US1963253A (en) * | 1930-10-08 | 1934-06-19 | Bakelite Corp | Manufacture of abrasive articles |
US2333917A (en) * | 1941-07-15 | 1943-11-09 | Du Pont | Coated fabric |
GB643964A (en) * | 1944-10-19 | 1950-10-04 | Montclair Res Corp | Improvements in or relating to the bonding of abrasive bodies by means of synthetic resins |
GB716422A (en) * | 1949-08-11 | 1954-10-06 | Peter Hoppe | Synthetic foam-like body and methods of manufacturing the same |
GB733624A (en) * | 1952-04-10 | 1955-07-13 | Ici Ltd | New synthetic resins derived from linear aliphatic polyethers and bifunctional isocyanates and rubber-like materials derived therefrom |
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US1963253A (en) * | 1930-10-08 | 1934-06-19 | Bakelite Corp | Manufacture of abrasive articles |
US2333917A (en) * | 1941-07-15 | 1943-11-09 | Du Pont | Coated fabric |
GB643964A (en) * | 1944-10-19 | 1950-10-04 | Montclair Res Corp | Improvements in or relating to the bonding of abrasive bodies by means of synthetic resins |
GB716422A (en) * | 1949-08-11 | 1954-10-06 | Peter Hoppe | Synthetic foam-like body and methods of manufacturing the same |
GB733624A (en) * | 1952-04-10 | 1955-07-13 | Ici Ltd | New synthetic resins derived from linear aliphatic polyethers and bifunctional isocyanates and rubber-like materials derived therefrom |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3136614A (en) * | 1958-06-04 | 1964-06-09 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Coated abrasive products |
US2972527A (en) * | 1959-03-03 | 1961-02-21 | Chemical Res Corp | Abrasive products and method of making |
US3529945A (en) * | 1959-08-18 | 1970-09-22 | Sherwin Williams Co | Rotary brushing tool containing nonwoven fibrous material |
US3210303A (en) * | 1960-09-26 | 1965-10-05 | American Brake Shoe Co | Resin bonded friction composition product and method |
US3528789A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-09-15 | Gen Electric | Lubricating composition applied to boron nitride grinding wheels |
US3888640A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1975-06-10 | Ver Schmirgel & Maschf | Coating for flexible abrasive bands |
US4021208A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1977-05-03 | Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerk Swarovski K.G. | Abrasive article |
US3926585A (en) * | 1973-03-10 | 1975-12-16 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | Abrasive sheet containing a grain-size binder with wax particles |
US4049396A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1977-09-20 | National Research Development Corporation | Molded abrasive article comprising non-foamed, friable polyurethane and process |
US4187082A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1980-02-05 | Guerra Humberto R | Dental finishing strips |
US4035163A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1977-07-12 | Desoto, Inc. | Conditioning cleanser for ceramic surfaces |
US4126428A (en) * | 1976-01-14 | 1978-11-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive containing isocyanurate binder and method of producing same |
FR2396625A1 (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1979-02-02 | Crevoisier Rene | Endless abrasive grinding belts without joints - are cut from fabric tube and coated with abrasive material |
US20050244786A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | George Freedman | Dental finishing device |
US20070074457A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Takashi Ito | Polishing composition and polishing method |
US20100251624A1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-07 | Tadao Kodate | Plastic soft composition for polishing and for surface protective material application |
US8992644B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2015-03-31 | Joybond Co., Ltd. | Plastic soft composition for polishing and for surface protective material application |
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