US2879952A - Roll crusher for simultaneous crushing of large and small pieces of material - Google Patents

Description

March 31, 1959 H. c. PoLLl'rz AET AL 2,879,952'

RoLL cRUsx-IER FOR sIMuLTANEoUs CRUSHING l oF LARGE AND SMALL PIECES oF MATERIAL Filed Nov. 9. 1955 i M M l slm l il l mag@ m y 44%. En@

ROLL `CRUSHER FOR SIMULTANEOUS'CRUSHIN G OF LARGEAND SMALL PIECESOF MATERIAL Harold' c. Puliitz, Edward, o. Spangler;4 and Npmllan Kessler, Cedar ,Rapids, Iowa, s'sig'ndrs nto Iowa' Manufacturing Companyv oi-l Cedarv Rapids, v low@ Cedar Rapids, Iowa, ncbi-poration of Iowa A ApplicationNovember 9, 15955,.Serialsllo.v $15,918

V1 Claim. l(Cl. 241-235) The present inventon. relates:to rollf-.type apparatus for crushing rockor othersimilar frangible. material .and`

. is, more particularly,v concerned. withthen-provision of a novel andsubstantiallyimproyed `crushingroll. coniiguration.

As those skilled in, theartgof roele1 crushing fare aware, frangble material fed finto A.the hopperuona crusher is `non-uniform both as to size andhardness:` In view of this fact it is very diicult to obtain thoroughcrushing action in` a `single Crusher pass. This istrue since the pair of rolls forming thevcrusherpassmust be adjusted toy pro- 'j vide an improved .crushingroll construction.

vide a predetermined roll clearance or passageway and'` that passageway is, necessarily,A otv a `dimension smaller than some of thematerial to be` crushed'pand larger than other particles ;thereof.Accordingly, inxoperation of the usual crushing apparatus .many` particles ofsmall size are handled by-thecrushingapparatus'but not-ma-f terially aifected by it and` where continued, smaller, crushing is desired, or Vwhere controlledwgradation is desired subsequent passesthrough rolls, having `.smaller clearance are necessary.

In order to provide a roll Crusher-capable of effective crushing operation on 4a wide rangeo' sizes of' frangible material and with` controlled .gradation, and thereby to reduce the number4 fof` individual roll passes necessary for the eiective` crushing of the frangiblemateriaL-the novel roll configuration4 of the presentA invention has been developed.` In accordance. with.-the.principles of the present invention ,the rolls forminga. pair of crush-` ing rolls, are each providedwith circumferential, axially spaced, ridges. ,These ridgesarefpositioned atl the same axial points ony each of the rolls sot-hatwhen the rolls' are placed in operative. relationship a.seriesof alternatively narrow and wide roll-passageways lare provided. In operation the rolls are adjusted to provide a minimum passageway capable of crushing materia'lzro.a'` predetermined desired sizefor controlled gradation, thereby leav-V ing adjacent wider areas of the roll passageway of a size to pass substantially 'largerunbroken pieces..l uAs a result of thisarrangementaggregate `containing `substantially larger chunksof frangibleA material may bepassed through the crusher of the present invention than would" K wide roll passageway .toy permit. a `combination of large sizes of material. Y

It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide a novel and substantially improved crushing apparatus.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved roll surface configuration for rock crushers or the like whereby large and small pieces of frangible ice material are simultaneously crushed foreontrolled gradation.

A feature ofthe invention residesintheuse of a pair .of rolls each having at leastone circumeferential, radial- -ly projecting, rib forllalignmentuwith a .corresponding rib on'the other .drum .to provide aminmunr small crushins passageway ankedfby a pair bfi-larger Crushing passageways. v

Yet a further feature of` the inventionlis .the provision tof a pair of generally'eylindricalcrushing rolls at. least one of which is a circumferential,.radially projecting,

rib for cooperation with a cylindrical surface of the other roll to provide a reduced `width crushing passageway ilanked by a pairfofcrusher.-passagewaysV of larger width.

Another object of theA present inventionis to provide crushing apparatus for simultaneously reducing large and small particles of frangible materialien controlled gradation.

Still a further 'object :of the present invention is to pro- Still other and furtherv objects and features of the present invention will aty once. become apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration oftthe attached drawing wherein one form of the present invention is shown by way of illustration only, and wherein:

Figure l is a side elevational view of `crushing apparatus embodying the present invention; y

Figure 2 is a plan view of the crushing apparatus illustrated `in Figure 1; and

Figure 3 is an enlargednsegmental. view, in cross section, of the roll passageways utilized inthe crushing apparatus of Figures 1 and 2.

As shown on the drawings:

As may be seen from a consideration of Figures 1 and 2, the crushingwapparatus of the present invention incorporates a pairof substantially similar rolls generallyI indicated at itl.v mounted for rotation with driving axles 11 and 12. Themain drivingaxle 11 is driven by means of power applied to the conventional flywheel 13 which is in turn applied to thev axle-11 through conventionalgearing enclosed withinthe gear case 14. The axle 11 is fixed against lateral displacement in conventional bearing blocks, one of which is exposed to view at 15 in Figure 2 andtcarries at itslower end as viewed in that figure a finger gear 16 for cooperation with a mating ringer gear 17 secured to the-.axle 12 thereby Acausing the axle 12 to rotate in unison with and in the opposite direction to the axle 11.

In order -to prevent damage to the crushing apparatus should tramp iron or other non-frangible material be ed into the crushing passage 18 between the. rolls 10, the axle 12 is mounted in a pair of bearing blocks 19 slidably carried inthe guideways 2li and'urgedtoward the left `as viewed in Figure 1 by'heavy springs 21 which may vacconnnodated bythe vfinger gears 16 and 17 which are intentionally constructed toprovide a loose f it, vas illus- ,trated in Figure l. I.This fit permits rotation of the `second rollaxle 12 uponV rotation of the roll axle 11 under substantially all conditions of mesh of the finger gears and if, for any reason,.the.axle .12 shouldbecome shifted to a positionto the-extreme right, re-engagement of the iinger gears is simply and automatically accomplished without appreciable clash in view of the loose mesh provided.

Frangible material, such as for example rock or the like, is fed to the passage 18 via a hopper 23 secured to the crusher frame 24 through the upper bearing guide member 20 and brackets 25. The brackets 25 are pref- `lands or ridges a separated by reduced diameter valley portions 10b. As may be seen from Figure 3, the position t of the rolls 10 relative to each other is such as to place the lands 10a opposite to each other to thereby provide a bite or passageway 18 comprising alternately relatively wide passes 18a and narrow passes 18b.

Operation of the crushing rolls having alternate wide and narrow passes provides a novel and substantially improved crushing action. Rock aggregate or other similar frangible material consisting of both large and small chunks, is fed into the hopper 23 and is initially gripped by cooperating lands 10a. These lands, providing the narrow or restricted passageways 18b provide a crushing action on relatively small particles, which crushed particles pass downwardly through the machine to a collection device as described. Larger particles or chunks of material have a tendency to migrate from immediately` above the restricted passageway 18b to the wide passageway 18a on opposite sides of the restricted passageway 18b. This migration occurs partly as a result of the naturally somewhat faster flow through the wide passageway due to the passage of smaller particles therethrough faster than such particles would pass through the restricted passages 18b and partly as a result of the crushing action at the edges 10c of the lands 10a. It will be appreciated that at the edges or corners 10c material being crushed will have a tendency to move axially of the rolls from the restricted passageway 18h into the larger passageway 18a thereby providing a continuous agitation tending to move material from above the restricted passageway to the larger passageways 18a.

While, of course, some of the small particles of material pass through the wide passageways 18a without substantial crushing action and, accordingly, the rolls of the present invention do not provide as complete crushing of very small particles as a continuous roll having a passageway equal to the restricted passageway 18h, neverthcless crushing action does occur in the large passageways 18a of small particles as well as large particles.

'This occurs as a result of the action between the large and small particles which are effectively jammed into the wide passageway areas between adjacent lands 10a. Since there is substantially no freedom of movement of the material being crushed in the large passageways, toward the ends of the rolls, very high compressive forces are built up on the compacted material as it passes through the rolls causing an interaction in the material itself tending to crush many of the smaller particles. Of course, in addition, the larger passageways 18a provide crushing action for the larger particles or chunks of material which could not be satisfactorily crushed in a Crusher having rolls providing a continuous crushing passageway of only the restricted diameter 18b all contributing to controlled gradation.

It has been found that the provision of a dual width roll passageway construction provides a crushing far superior to that provided by a comparable single stage crushing apparatus having a reduced crushing passageway equal to that of the passageway 18b. Further, the

' crushing apparatus above described has been found to be far superior to crushing apparatus having only a single for crushing aggregate comprising both large and small particles. For general purpose crushing, therefore, the apparatus-'oi the present invention has proved a great improvement in the over-all reduction of rock aggregate or the like from aggregate having a predetermined maximum size to an aggregate having a substantially smaller predetermined maximum size with a substantial majority of very small particles Yfor controlled gradation ordinarily not obtainable with prior art crushing apparatus constructed to provide crushing of the larger sizes.

In the drawings, the crushing rolls have been illustrated ashaving four lands 10 and tive grooves 10b. It will be appreciated, however, that the numbers of lands and grooves may be varied without departing from the concepts of the present invention. Accordingly, it is considered within the scope of the present invention to utilize a single land on each of the rolls, thereby providing a single restricted passageway 18b with a pair of wide passageways 18a on opposite sides thereof to obtain controlled gradation. It will be further understood that the percentage of small sized particles passing through the restrictive passageways 18b may be increased by providing a hopper 23 divided to direct incoming aggregate to spaced points directly over the respective lands 10a. With such an arrangement, the material spreads out to fill the larger crushing passageways after initially being deposited in the area immediately above the restricted passageway 18b. f

It will be understood that additional variations may be made in accordance with the principles of the present invention above disclosed without departing from the scope of the novel concepts thereof. Accordingly, it is our intention that the scope of the present invention be limited solely by that of the hereinafter appended claim.

We claim as our invention:

In combination, an apparatus for crushing frangible materials of non-uniform size, a pair of counter-rotating crushing rolls positioned for rotation about substantially parallel axes, said rolls having their peripheries adjacent to but spaced from each other and each of said rolls comprising a generally cylindrical member having a plurality of smooth rigid radially projecting annular peripheral crushing lands of substantially constant diameter alternating end to end of the roll with reduced diameter smooth rigid valley portions of substantially constant diameter, said rolls being positioned to match each other with the lands of the respective rolls in face-to-face relation and likewise the reduced diameter valley portions in face-to-face relation thereby forming alternate large and comparatively small passageways at the bite, said rolls each beingprovided with a larger number of valley portions than land portions whereby a larger number of large passageways than small passageways is provided.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,321,858 Starr Nov. 18, 1919 1,412,793 Pardee Apr. 11, 1922 1,560,304 Pardee Nov. 3, 1925 2,589,603 Cohen Apr. 26, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 39,721 Netherlands Dec. 15, 1936 595,675 France July 24, 1925 633,253 Germany July 23, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Super 40 Roll Crusher Pamphlet of Pioneer Engineering Works, 1515 Central Avenue, Minneapolis, Minneslota, 4 sheets, received by Patent Oilce February 21,

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