US2878917A

US2878917A - Typewriter backing sheet with audible warning device

Info

Publication number: US2878917A
Application number: US623752A
Authority: US
Inventors: Agnes K Dalboe
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1956-11-21
Filing date: 1956-11-21
Publication date: 1959-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 1976-03-24

Description

vMarch 24, 1959 A. K. DALBOE 2,878,917 v TYPEWRITER BACKING SHEET WITH AUDIBLE WARNING DEV-ICE Filed Nov. 21, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 llll\|llll|llllllllllllllllll|||I|||l|l|ll||lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllIIIIIIIITv/4 32 36 a0 75 70 65 50555045 40 55 30 25 20 /5 /0 5/ 5 lo so 35 5o 5 5o 65 o 75 so PIC /vEA/To AGNES In DAL 80E March 24, 1959 A. K.. DALBOE 2,878,917

mm2-WRITER BACKING SHEET WITH AUDIBLE WARNING DEvrcE Filed Nov. 21, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTOR 98 /06 AGNES K. DALBOE March 24, 1959 `A, K.. DALBOE 2,878,917

TYPEWRITER BACKING SHEET WITH AUDIBLE WARNING Filed NOV. 2l, 1956 VICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 so 75 7o 65 :5d/55 50 45(40 35 3o 2 2o /8a Pl CA INVENTOR AGNES IC DALBOE 2,878,917 TYPEWRITER BACKING SHEET WITH AUDIB'LE WARNING DEVICE Agnes K. Dalboe, Washington, D.C. Application November 21, 1956, Serial No. 623,752 18 Claims. (Cl. 197-189) This invention relates to improvements in a typewriter backing sheet to be placed under a single sheet or under assemblies of. sheets interleaved with carbon papers and inserted therewith in a typewriter.

Up till now no typewriter backing sheets answering the needs of the touch typist for audible warning at certain desired points during the typing of a page and/ or at the end of same have been available. Much time and effort is lost for the busy secretary and typistwho with no up to-date backing sheet with unquiet mind slows down or stops her typing every time she has to take her attention off her stenographic notebook or the work she is copying in order to look for visual signs-usually in the form of pencil markswarning her of the approaching of a desired point or the proper page end which she may even at that time have passed already causing pages of uneven lengths or retyping to be done.

Another drawback in insertable backing sheets of the kind requiring no transparent letterhead paper, but being placed as the bottom sheet of the pages to be typed, is the lack of on-the-spot means for centering headlines etc. in a ash and the lack of a top margin positioning scale with both consecutive and reversing numerals. Furthermore available non-side-margin-folded backing sheets lack a side margin which at all times shows for both oneand two-line spacings respectively the consecu tive numeral of the line being typed and at the same time how many lines are left to the end of the page.

The object of my invention is to provide a backing sheet which answers the needs of todays typist for onthe-spot means for positioning in a iiash the matter to be typed and the headings to be centered; for indication at all times of the number of lines already made and the number of lines remaining to the bottom of the page; and, furthermore, for audible warning at a desired point(s) and/ or at page end. i

A further object of my invention' is to provide an inexpensive up-to-date typewriter backing sheet in connection with a low cost audible warning device which easily snaps on the paper lock scale bar of any typewriter and can be made available within the means of every-- body.

Another object of my invention is to provide an inexpensive copying sheet for the purpose of facilitating the transfer of matters on a page to another inserted with the backing sheet of my invention in a typewriter; said copying sheet having in a modified form the features of said backing sheet.

In the drawings: i

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the backing sheet according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the backing sheet.

Figure 3 is a perspective'view illustrating the backing sheet inserted in a typewriter, with a sounding device connected to the paper lock scale bar of the typewriter.

l Figure 4 is a fragmentary perspective view in enlarged Scale of the sounding device.

ice,

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5--5 of Fig-` ure 4.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a setting device.

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7-7 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a modified sounding device.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of a modi- Iied clamping means of the sounding device.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a modified setting device.

Figure 1l illustrates a transfer sheet or copying sheet for pica type-space, the sheet being partly broken away.

Figure 12 is a similar View to Figure 11 illustrating an elite type transfer sheet or copying sheet.

Referring to the drawings, in Figure 1 is illustrated a backing sheet 10 with a set of typing sheets 12 ready to be inserted into a typewriter. Backing sheet 10 is made of light colored very thin, non-limp and non-stiff, but iirrn, yet exible and durable, mat plastic, reinforced paper, linen, fabric, or other suitable material. It has scaled top, side, and

bottom margin portions

14, 18, and 16 thereof, which are reinforced so as to give them greater strength and also to make the dark colored scale numerals thereon stand out clearly. The margin portions measure 1/2 inch respectively, however top margin portion 14 and bottom margin portion 16 have--besides being foldable themselves-an extra margin foldspace of Vs of an inch, thus making the total size of the backing sheet for standard letter size (S1/z" x 11) use 9 inches wide and 121/3 inches high, and the total size of the backing sheet for standard legal size (8l/2 x 13") use 9 inches wide and 141/3 inches high. However, the sizes of the margin portions and the narrow fold spaces can be changed according to wish, and also the backing sheet may be made in any desired size including com-4 bined letter size and legal size in which case it would be produced for legal size, but have single-line scales, or double line scales, etc. for both sizes. The nonmarginal part of the backing sheet may be used for instructions, carry the producers name, etc. Typing sheets are positioned between the

margin portions

14, 18, and 16 and cover only the non-marginal part of backing sheet 10. Margin portion 14 is folded down over the typing sheets 12 before insertion into the typewriter takes place.

When margin portion 14 is folded down over the top of the sheet or sheets 10 to be typed (Fig. 2) scale 22 is visible to the typist, and is used for rapid centering of headings and the like, provided the sheets of paper have been inserted into the typewriter in such a way that an imaginary center line vertically of the sheets is in line with center line 24 of scale 22. Precise centering is made possible by bending foldable margin portion 14 down over the inserted sheets of paper to the point where a heading is to be centered, and holding the two side edges of the folded portion 14 firmly against and covering the two side edges of the inserted paper 12. Center line 24 0f scale 22 will then reliably indicate the center point of the paper on which the heading is to be made, and numerals on the scale 22, on opposite sides of center line 24 will indicate where the heading, in order to be centered, must start and finish. If, for example, the total number of type spaces in a heading amounts to 30, the typist will, in a ash, be able to start the heading at numeral l5 on the left hand side of the center line 24, and end it at numeral l5 on the right hand side of said center line.

If it is desired to hold the backing sheet and papers insertedtherewith rmly in position while the starting point of the heading is being located, paper lock bar 54 of the typewriter (Fig. 3) may be lifted to allow the centering scale 22 o f the folded margin portion 14, and the top edges of the papers l12 to be placed under it and thus held firmly in position by it until the typist has locatedv the point at whichn typing of the heading is to be started.

The width of margin portion 14 is such, and the

scales

15, 15a, and 22 respectively are so positioned on the face and back thereof, respectively, as to leave a relatively narrow folding space forV facilitating the use as described below of margin portion 20 in case typing sheets 12 during the insertion into the typewriter should have pushed up a little.

, After the backing sheet and inserted pages have been placed in the typewriter margin portion 14 is turned up and the typist then uses scales 15 and 15awhich preferably have numerals in contrasting colors--as guides to determining the right and left hand margins which will result in the best positioning of the typing on the pages. If, for example, it is desired to type a letter so that the side margins each comprise 20 type spaces, the typist sets the left hand stop at numeral 20 of scale 15a, and the right hand stop at numeral 20 of the reversing scale 15. Scales 15 and 15a also serve as guides for the positioning of dates, indentations, saluations, etc.

Positioning scale Ztl-when folded backwards by means of the upper fold of its narrowfold space-may be used for the purpose of exact positioning in the same way as centering scale 22 by bending said scale 20 down over the inserted sheets 12 and holding its two side edges firmly against and covering the two side edges of the inserted paper 12 until the desired positioning has been determined. Faper lock bar 54 may likewise be used.

vPositioning scale 20 and centering scale 22 of margin portion 14 have numerals indicating pica sized type spaces (l type spaces per inch). Scale 20 is divided into 85 equal parts with both consecutive and reversing numerals, preferably in contrasting colors. Scale 22 is from its centerline 24 divided on both sides into 421/2 equal parts respectively.

Marginal portion 16, at the bottom of backing sheet as shown in Figure 2 is the same as portion 14, except that the spacings are designed to be used with elite type (12 type spaces per inch).

Foldable marginal portion 16 is used in the same manner as portion 14, if the backing sheet is reversed. Scale 26 of portion 16, having centering line 28, is used in the same way as scale 22. Scales 31 and 31a of positioning scale 30 of portion 16 are used as positioning guides in the same manner as scales 15, a. Scale 30 is divided into 102 equal parts with both consecutive and reversing numerals, preferably in contrasting colors. Scale 26 is from its centerline 28 divided on both sides into 5l equal parts respectively.

The backing sheet may be provided with marginal portion 14 only, the type spacings being of one kind, either pica or elite, or other kind of type spacing, or it may be provided with both

portions

14 and 16 as shown, and be reversible in use so that it can be used with both typewriters having pica type and those having elite type as shown in Figure 2, or if desired

marginal portions

14 and 16 may be scaled for other kinds of type spacings.

The backing sheet of my invention may be used as such in the manners just described.

Backing sheet 10 may also be adapted for use in combination with an audible signalling device for sounding a warning to the typist. For example, the typist may wish to be warned when she has reached a point where the typingis to be indented, insertions copied, forms filled in, or the typing on a page terminated, and so forth.

Side-margin portion 18 on the left edge of backing sheet 10 is scaled and helps the typist determine the number of lines typed and the number of lines left on the typing sheet 12. This scaled portion 18 is also used for setting the predetermined point(s) of a typing sheet where the typist wants to be warned as will be explained hereafter.

As shown-at 32 margin portion 18 has on its left hand side two rows of numerals, 1 66 and 65l from top to bottom, the division of which corresponds to a single line space in a typewriter. These two rows of numerals are preferably in contrasting colors. As illustrated at 34, a typist can determine immediately that she has used 58 single lines on her letter sized typing sheet and that 8 single lines are left to the bottom of same.

Margin portion 18 has on its right hand side two other rows of numerals as shown at 36 representing double line spaces of the typewriter. Therefore, the two rows of numerals at 36 have series 32-1 and 1-33 from top to bottom. These two rows of numerals are also preferably in contrasting colors. In case a typist is using doubleline space in her typewriterreturning to the example shown at 34-she will know that she has already used 29 double-lines and that 4 double-lines still remain to the bottom of thetyping sheet.

The side-margin portion of a legal size backing sheet would have both consecutive and reversing numerals indicating 78 single line spaces and 39 double line spaces. 1f' desired a side` margin portion may be divided to indicate three and four line spaces, etc.

The reverse side of margin portion 18 'has numerals dividing itA in exactly the same way as its front side andv in contrasting colors, and is used in a typewriter havingelite type.

At a point about two-thirds the width of side-margin portion 18, from the outer edge thereof, are disposed a vertical row of perforations designated 38. These perforations are so disposed that the distance between any two adjacent perforations is equal to a single line space, and each of the perforations occurs midway between two single line spaces. These setting perforations 38 are adapted to receive a setting device 40 (Fig. 6) for a sounding element when the backing sheet 10 is to be used in combination with a warning system.

A setting device 40' is illustrated in detail in Figure 6 and Figure 7. it is made of plastic, resilient metal, rubber compound, or other suitable material. The general form of the upper portion of setting device 40 is that of a wedge as illustrated in Figure 6, the highest point of which is about l/16 of an inch or of as great a height as will easily go under the platen of a typewriter when placed in one of the perforations or setting holes 38 of margin portion 18.

Setting device 4t) may comprise a spring having a resilient rubber covering which upper portion of said setting device 40 attens when pressed during the passage under the platen of a typewriter.

The lower part 46 (Figs. 6 and 7) of setting device 40 is made of thin sheet plastic, resilient metal, rubber compound or other suitable material. It has a tiny knob 48 which is intended from the back of margin portion 18 to be put through a setting hole 38 and to be pressed into a tiny hollow 50 in the underside of the upper portion of setting device 40, which device 40 is all in one piece, but is folded to provide a slit 42 for receiving margin portion 18. Slit 42 divides setting device 4t) into top and bottom portions of equal size and locking together like a press button by means of said knob 48 and said hollow 50.

When set in a hole 38 setting device 40 measures along the edge of margin portion 18 about 2M; of an inch or slightly less than the distance between two single lines. Both its top and bottom parts measure across margin portion 18 about "/16 of an inch or slightly less than the width of margin portion 18. The upper portion 44 of setting device 40 is tapered for setting convenience.

It is obvious that the left edge or. margin portion 18 is madeT to` rest firmly in the slit'42 when knob 48 is snapped through a setting hole 38 intoV the hollow 50 t locking the'setting device 40 tightly at a desired place on thes'c'aled margin portion 18. The purpose of this locking of the setting device 40,V into the scaled portion 18 will be explained hereafter.

In Figure 3 to Figure 5, there is illustrated one embodiment of a sounding device 52 for use in combination with the backing sheet 10 of my invention. As shown, a resilient clamp bar 56 is pressed onto the paper lock bar 54 of a typewriter which clamp bar 56 connects the

clamps

58 and 60 together. Each of

clamps

58 and 60 has a snap threshold, designated 62, for tightly holding sounding device 52 on the paper lock bar 54.

Clamps

58 and 60 can take a variety of forms and dimensions to hold tightly on to the paper lock bars of different brands and makes of typewriters.

n the clamp bar 56 (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) is a conventional hinge unit 64 which holds a curved Sounding lever arm 66 in a pivoted position. This lever arm 66 is made of resilient metal permitting it initially to be slightly bent or stretched out by the typist to make its lower edgel rest on the typewriter platen in line with the writing line scale of her typewriter. A spring 68 connected to the hinge 64 forces the lever arm 66 tightly against the scaled side-margin portion 18 of backing sheet 10 as shown in Figure 5. A small extension edge 70 limits the movement of the lever arrn 66 when the sounding device 52 is not on the paper lock bar 54. The bottom edge 72 of lever arm 66 measures 7A6 of an inch across or slightly less than the width of margin portion 18. It is curved slightly and sharply upward to allow the setting device 40, placed on the scaled margin portion 18, to slip under it both when the typewriter platen is turning forward or being reversed. At the upper end of lever arm 66 is suitably connected a spring 74 which carries a small metal sphere 76 at one end thereof. A small bell 78 surrounds the sphere 76 and is secured by a rod 80 to the clamp bar 56.

The audible warning device operates as follows: The typist snaps setting device(s) 40 into ho1e(s) 38 on the scaled margin portion 1,8 at horizontal level(s), where she desires to be warned during her typing, and inserts the backing sheet with the typing sheet(s) 12 into her typewriter in the usual manner. The sounding device is clamped on the paper lock bar 54 so that the lever arm 66 slides down the scaled margin portion 18, the lower edge 72 of said lever arm 66 being at all times in line with the writing line scale of the typewriter. When during the typing the typist at the end of every line pulls the line space lever a setting device 40 preset in a setting hole 38 in margin portion 18 is pulled line space by line space nearer to the lever arm 66. Finally setting device 40 slips under the lower edge 72 of lever arm 66 pivoting said lever arm suddenly upon the hinge 64 thereby causing spring 74 to swing sphere 76 against the bell 78 to sound the audible alarm which, preferably, should be different from that of the line end bell. In order to produce a two-tone valarm setting device 40 may at its highest point have a deep groove all across in such a way as to make it into a two-obstacle device for the lever arm 66 to pass.

Setting device 40 may-instead of acting as a pressbuttonhave two tinyleaves connected to the underside of its vupper portion by tiny hinges which, when said leaves from the front side of margin portion 18 have been put through a setting hole 38 and through a corresponding hole in the lower portion of the setting device allow said leaves, which are provided with non-slip elevations, to be folded rmly against the underside of the setting device. At the point where the hinges are attached to the setting device this may be slightly hollowed to the extent of smoothly accommodating the hinges and folded leaves making easier the passage under a typewriters platen after the device has been set in a hole 38 on marginportion 18. (Not shown in drawings.)

In the scope of my invention a plurality of setting devices 40 may be snapped on along the scaled sidemargin portion 18 to give a plurality of audible alarms.

gevaar? In Figure 9 a modiiied clamp holder 94 is illustrated. 1t has a clamp bar 96-holding the bell 78, and vthe hinge unit 64 which will hold the lever arm 66 (not shown). The lower clamp jaw 98 is pivotally connected to the clamp bar 96 through a hinge 100. A spring 102 forces the jaw 98 to a closed position, and holds the sounding device 52 (Fig. 3) tightly on the paper lock bar 54. Finger plates 104 helpv in opening and positioning the clamp holder 94, which can be mounted on all types of paper lock bars.

In Figure 8 is illustrated a modified sounding device 82. A setting device 84, having the form of a disk, tilts the lever arm 86 around a pivot 88 in the direction of arrow 89. A suitable hinge and spring unit (not shown) at the pivot point 88 holds the lever arm 86 on the margin portion 18 and returns it after the tilting by the setting Vdevice 84 has taken place. Setting device 84 consists of two separate parts: a lower disk, about 1%; of an inch in diameter, made of thin sheet plastic, resilient metal, rubber compound, or other suitable material, and having in its center a tiny knob intended from the back of the scaled margin portion 18 of backing sheet 10 to be snapped through a setting hole 38; and of an upper disk, about 1A of aninch in diameter, made of plastic, resilient metal, rubber compound, or other suitable mate-` rial, having at its upper center point a height of about 1/16 of an inch, or as great a height as will easily go under the platen of a typewriter when the setting device 84 has been set in a `hole 38 on the scaled margin portion 18. The height of said disk slopes from its center to about 1,4,2 of an inch at its rounded edge on its top side and with its back side at. In the center of its back side is a tiny hollow into which ts the tinyknob of the lowerV disk described above; thus these two parts act like a press button when snapped together in a setting hole 38.

The curved lever arm 86 is made of resilient metal permitting it initially to be slightly bent or stretched out by the typist to make its lower point rest on the typewriter platen in line with the writing line scale of her typewriter. Lever arm 86 is about 3/s of an inch `wide and has along its lower edge, which slants upwards from left to right, a groove into which lits and slides the smooth edge of setting device 84 when during the typing of a sheet it encounters said lever arm 86 the lowest point of which is always in line with the writing line scale of the typewriter. The upper end of lever arm 86 carries a spring and sphere unit 90, which sphere is caused to swing against the bell 92 when the lever arm 86 is tilted suddenly bythe setting device 84.

Setting device 84 may-instead of acting as a pressbuttonhave two tiny leaves connected to the underside of its upper portion by tiny hinges which, when said leaves from the front side of margin portion I8 have been put through a setting hole 38 and through a corresponding hole in the lower disk of the setting device allow said leaves, which are provided with non-slip elevations, to be folded lirmly against the underside of the setting device. At the point where the hinges are attached to the setting device this may be slighly hollowed to the extent of smoothly accommodating the hinges and folded leaves making easier the passage under a typewriters platen after the device has been set in a hole 38 on margin portion 18. (Not shown in drawings.)

Figure l0 shows a lightweight setting device 106 made of plastic, resilient metal, rubber compound, or other suitable material to be used in connection with the above mentioned sounding device in cases where no backing sheet is needed. The shape and size of the setting device is as described for Figures 6 and 7. Setting device 106 is all in one piece, but where folded has a tiny conventional spring (not shown) holding its upper and lower parts clasped tightly together.

As setting device 106 is intended for being placed directly ou the left hand edge of the top writing sheet inserted in a typewriter it has no knob or leaves, but instea'd several tiny depressions 107 in the underside of its upper portion 108 and tiny elevations 109 in the upper surface of its lower portion 110 which clasping device when pressed together with two'ngers after it has been pushed in over the left hand edge at the desired point of thewriting sheet will stay in'place Without piercing the sheet. The elevations in setting device 166 may on a tiny scale be made to show the initials, or trademark, etc. of a firm or institution, said elevations being made heavy enough to leave a lasting impression on said sheet.

With its lower edge placed at the point or line Where warning is desired setting device 106 will present an obstacle causing the audible warning device to'sound at a desired point.

If desired a transfer-sheet 10a, illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, may be used for copying purpose in connection with aforementioned backing sheet 10 whenever a typist has to make an exact copy of a typed matter. This transfer-sheet 10a is identical with said backing sheet 10 with the exceptions that the transfer-sheet has no setting holes 38 and no scaling of the backside of its side margin portion 18a. Furthermore the transfer-sheet has no bottom margin portion as it can be used in connection with only one type size. Thus transfer-sheets'should be made for different type sizes. The transfer-sheet of my invention is made of light colored, very thin transparentthough with side margin portion 18a and top margin portion 14a (30a respectively) reinforced to make the numerals thereon stand out more clearly-plastic or other suitable material and has thin dark-colored horizontal lines at single lines distance from each other and thin dark-colored vertical lines at tive type spaces from each other starting in accordance with the center point 24 (28a respectively) of scale 22a (16a respectively). In the drawings scales 22a and 16a are shown with phantom lines above margin portions 14a and 30a respectively, which scales 22a and 16a are visible to a typist when margin portions are folded over.

A typist, by placing on her table the transparent transfer-sheet-With due regard to whether pica, elite, or other type size transfer-sheet is needed-on top of the page with the matter to be copied and by clipping or clamping temporarily the top and sides of the folded down top margin portion 14a (30a respectively) of the transfer-sheet to said page when the exact centers of both sheets cover each other and the upper edges of both sheets are positioned in the same height or in different heights according to whether or not the matter to be copied is to be transferred in the same height or in a different height on the sheet inserted in the typewriter with a backing sheet, the latter possibility being of importance for eX- ample where insertions have to be made, will be able to easily and exactly transfer the matter to the sheet 12 in her typewriter by noticing on the transfer-sheet the numerals on the side margin portion indicating horizontal lines, and the numerals on the top margin centering scale 22a (16a respectively), thus obtaining side margin and top margin scale numerals of starting and ending and other points of interest on the matter to be copied and to transfer said matter in accordance herewith to the sheet(s) 12 which with a backing sheet 10 of my invention provided with corresponding numerals has been inserted into the typewriter.

The transparent transfer-sheet may easily be lifted away and over the head of the paper to which it is clamped or clipped temporarily if during the copying of the text of said paper it is not wanted. At points where exact positioning is needed the transparent transfer-sheet, still clamped or clipped to the top of the paper to be copied, can be lifted back quickly in its original position and serve its purpose.

The transfer-sheet as described above forms an ntegral part of my invention as it can be used only in combination with the backing sheet of my invention.

I claim:

1. A typewriter backing sheet provided with a foldable margin portion adapted to be folded over sheets on which typing is to be effected, the face of said portion carrying a' positioning scale, and the back of said portion carrying a centering scale, the `centering scale being visible to the typist when said portion is folded over, and the positioning scale being visible to the typist when said portion is turned back.

2. A typewriter backing sheet provided with top and bottom foldable margin portions, one of said portions carrying, on the face and back thereof, positioning and centering scales respectively, said scales corresponding to one kind of type, the other of said portions carrying, on the face and back thereof, centering and positioning scales respectively, corresponding to a different kind of type, said top and bottom portions being adapted to be folded over pages on which typing is to be effected, and said backing sheet being reversible to insure that the foldable portion at the top of said sheets carries scales corresponding to the type of the typewriter to be used.

3. A typewriter backing sheet having a foldable margin portion at the top thereof carrying, on the face and back thereof, positioning and centering scales respectively, and a side margin portion having a vertical row of numerals indicating consecutive single line spaces and afvertical row of numerals indicating consecutive double line Spaces.

4. A typewriter backing sheet having a side margin portion having a vertical row of numerals indicating consecutive single line spaces from the top to the bottom of the sheet, a row of numerals indicating consecutive double line spaces from the top to the bottom of the sheet, a vertical row of numerals indicating consecutive single line spaces from the bottom to the top of the sheet, and a row of numerals indicating consecutive double line spaces from the bottom to the top of the sheet.

5. A typewriter backing sheet having a foldable margin portion at the top thereof and carrying, on the face and back thereof, centering and positioning scales, said backing sheet also having a side margin portion having `a vertical row of numerals indicating consecutive single line spaces from the top to the bottom of the sheet, a row of numerals indicating consecutive double line spaces from the top to the bottom of the sheet, a vertical row of numerals indicating consecutive single line spaces from the bottom to the top of the sheet, and a row of numerals indicating consecutive double line spaces from the bot tom to the top of the sheet.

6. ln combination, an audible warning device secured to the paper lock bar of a typewriter, a typewriter backing sheet having a side margin portion provided with a vertical row of perforations disposed along the length thereof at a distance from each other corresponding to a single line space and at points midway between successive single line spaces, and means inserted in a selected one of said perforations or in several selected ones of said perforations for energizing the audible warning device when brought into contact therewith as typing proceeds.

7. ln combination, an audible warning device secured to the paper lock bar of a typewriter, a typewriter backing sheet having on the face and back thereof left hand side margin portions provided with rows of numerals in contrasting colors for indicating vertical spaeings, said side margins sharing a vertical row of perforations disposed along the length thereof, said perforations being positioned at a distance from each other corresponding to a single line space and at points midway between successive single line spaces, and means inserted in a selectedv one of said pcrforations or in several selected ones of said perforations for energizing the audible warning device when brought into contact therewith as typing proceeds.

8. A typewriter backing sheet having at its top and asseoir bottom scaled margin portions with both consecutive and reversing numerals in contrasting colors, said scaled margin portions consisting at the top of a positioning scale and on the reverse side a centering scale and at the bottom of said sheet a centering scale at one side and a positioning scale at the opposite side of the sheet, said sheet having on the left hand side a scaled margin portion with both consecutive and reversing numerals in contrasting colors, and the margin portion having on its reverse side consecutive and reversing numerals in contrasting colors.

9. A typewriter backing sheet for use with either pica sized types or elite sized types, said backing sheet comprising on one side scaled numerals in contrasting colors for indicating spacings for pica sized type, and on the opposite side of said sheet scaled numerals in contrasting colors for indicating spaces for elite sized types.

10. A typewriter backing sheet having scaled margin portions at the top, the left side, and at the bottom, the top margin portion being scaled for use in connection with pica sized types and having on its face a positioning scale comprising consecutive and reversing numerals and on its back a centering scale comprising a vertical center line with identical numerals on both sides thereof, the bottom margin portion of said backing sheet being scaled for use in connection with elite sized types and having on its face a centering scale comprising a vertical center line with identical numerals disposed on both sides thereof, and on its back a positioning scale comprising consecutive and reversing numerals, said bottom margin portion intended for being used as the top margin portion of the backing sheet when the latter is used for elite sized types; the side margin portion being scaled on its face and back with consecutive and reversing numerals both for single line spaces and for double line spaces and having a vertical row of holes therein adapted to receive press button, twoleafor other types of setting devices serving in connection with a sound-giving device associ- -ated with the paper lock bar of a typewriter to give an audible warning to a typist.

11. In a typewriter, the combination with a backing sheet having setting holes in the side margin thereof and setting devices placed in said setting holes, of a soundgiving device comprised of a tiny bell, with a sound different from that of the line end bell, a clamping piece on the paper lock bar of the typewriter to which said bell is attached, a lever arm the movement of which is produced when its lower end reaches and passes over a setting device, a spring at the upper end of said lever arm, nld a sphere attached to said spring for striking said 12. In a typewriter, the combination with a backing sheet having setting holes in the side margin thereof and a. disk-shaped setting device placed in one of said setting holes, of a typewriter sound-giving device comprised of a tiny bell, with a sound different from that of the line end bell, a clamping piece on the paper lock bar of the typewriter to which said bell is attached, a lever arm the side to side movement of which is produced when its lower end reaches and passes around said disk-shaped setting device, a spring at the upper end of said lever arm, and ya sphere attached to said spring for striking said bell.

13. In combination, a setting device having a fold dividing it into upper and lower portions and being usable as a press buttonor twoleaf setting device, and a typewriter backing sheet having a side margin portion provided with a vertical row of perforations disposed along the length thereof at a distance from each other corresponding to a single line space and at points midway between successive single line spaces, said perforatons receiving said setting device for energizing an audible warning device when brought in contact therewith as typing proceeds.

14. In combination, a setting device having the shape of a disk and being usable as a press buttonor twoleaf setting device, and a typewriter backing sheet having a side margin portion provided with a vertical row of perforations disposed along the length thereof at a distance from each other corresponding to a single line space and at points midway between successive single line spaces, said perforations receiving said setting device for energizing an audible warning device when brought in contact therewith as typing proceeds.

15. In combination with a paper lock bar of a typewriter, a setting device having a fold with a spring dividing it into upper and lower portions and being usable for setting a desired point directly on the top sheet to be typed, and an audible warning device secured to said paper lock bar and having a lever arm which, when passing over said setting device, causes the alarm to be sounded.

16. For use in combination, a typewriter backing sheet having a foldable margin portion adapted to be folded over the top or sheets on which typing is to be eected, said portion having positioning and centering scales on the face and back thereof respectively, and a thin, transparent transfer sheet, said transfer sheet being identical with the backing sheet but being provided with contrasting dark-colored horizontal lines at single line distances from each other, and with contrasting dark-colored vertical lines spaced apart a distance of five type spaces on both sides of the center line of the centering scale of Said transfer sheet for guiding a typist in making an exact typewritten copy of material previously typed.

17. For use in combination, a typewriter backing sheet having a foldable margin portion adapted to be folded over the top of sheets on which typing is to be effected, said portion having positioning and centering scales on the face and back thereof respectively and a side margin portion bearing numerals, both consecutive and reversing, indicating single and double line spacings, and a thin, transparent transfer sheet, said transfer sheet being identical with the backing sheet but being provided with contrasting dark-colored horizontal lines at single line distances from each other, and with contrasting darkcolored vertical lines spaced apart a distance of ve type spaces on both sides of the center line of the centering scale of said transfer sheet for guiding a typist in making an exact typewritten copy of material previously typed.

18. For use in combination, a typewriter backing sheet having a foldable margin portion adapted to be folded over the top of sheets on which typing is to be effected, said portion having positioning and centering scales on the face and back thereof respectively and a side margin portion bearing numerals, both consecutive and reversing, indicating single and double line spacings, said positioning margin portion and said side margin portion having reversing numerals, preferably in contrasting color, and a thin, transparent transfer sheet, said transfer sheet being identical with the backing sheet but being provided with contrasting dark-colored horizontal lines at single line distances from each other,` and with contrasting dark-colored vertical lines spaced apart a distance of tive type spaces on both sides of the center line of the centering scale of said transfer sheet for guiding a typist in making an exact typewritten copy of material previously typed.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 506,345 Stanley Oct. 10, 1893 1,304,458 Darr May 20, 1919 1,827,992 Linderman Oct. 20, 1931 2,298,590 Rich Oct. 13. 1943