US2876332A - Method and apparatus for joining two members in end-to-end relationship - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for joining two members in end-to-end relationship Download PDF

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Publication number
US2876332A
US2876332A US695815A US69581557A US2876332A US 2876332 A US2876332 A US 2876332A US 695815 A US695815 A US 695815A US 69581557 A US69581557 A US 69581557A US 2876332 A US2876332 A US 2876332A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
strip
electrodes
heat
workpieces
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US695815A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dussart Maurice
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Umicore NV SA
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Acec
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
    • B60Q1/1415—Dimming circuits
    • B60Q1/1423—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic
    • B60Q1/143—Automatic dimming circuits, i.e. switching between high beam and low beam due to change of ambient light or light level in road traffic combined with another condition, e.g. using vehicle recognition from camera images or activation of wipers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0004—Resistance soldering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2300/00—Indexing codes for automatically adjustable headlamps or automatically dimmable headlamps
    • B60Q2300/05—Special features for controlling or switching of the light beam
    • B60Q2300/054—Variable non-standard intensity, i.e. emission of various beam intensities different from standard intensities, e.g. continuous or stepped transitions of intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2300/00—Indexing codes for automatically adjustable headlamps or automatically dimmable headlamps
    • B60Q2300/05—Special features for controlling or switching of the light beam
    • B60Q2300/056—Special anti-blinding beams, e.g. a standard beam is chopped or moved in order not to blind
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2300/00—Indexing codes for automatically adjustable headlamps or automatically dimmable headlamps
    • B60Q2300/40—Indexing codes relating to other road users or special conditions
    • B60Q2300/41—Indexing codes relating to other road users or special conditions preceding vehicle

Definitions

  • ltisaprincipal object :of the invention to provide a simple-method .forfusion bonding two workpieces of substantially different sizes and therefore of different heat holding capacityor heat content and more particularly to provide a simple and.effective;method for manufacturing commutator segments for rotaryelectrical machinery'andhaving end-connectors or conductors in the form of strips bondedendwise thereto.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for joining the strip conductors to the commutator segments in end-to-end relationshi without heatingor softening a large portion or area of the commutator thereby. retaining the initial hardness .of the commutator segment giving it excellent wear characteristics in the zone orarea on which the brushes make frictional contact.
  • a feature of the methodin accordance with the invention is that the element of greater thermal content is heated by direct contact with incandescent electrodes while the element or workpiece of low thermal or heat content is heated by radiation fromthe same incandescent electrodes.
  • Another feature of the method is that theelement or, workpiece of low heat content or heat holding capacity preferably placed between the faces of two graphite .electrodeswithout being in. contact with them. Thefaces.
  • the electrodes are disposed approximately, parallel to thesurface or sides .of said workpiece of low thermal content and being sligthly wider;than said workpiece
  • the element or workpiece of greater thermal. content is placed in end-to-end relation to the element of low heat content and is clamped betweenthe ends or faces of .the.
  • Apiece .of suitable filler .metal is I graphite. electrodes. disposed near the point ofabutment of the two elements.
  • Fig. 2 is. a side view of amodified. embodiment ofthe electrodes of Fig. 1 and shows'a conditionafterthe app1i-; cation ofv current to the electrodes and the melting of the.
  • ' trode according to the invention and shows the-manner Fig: 3 is. a simplified schematic electrical; diagram of i the apparatus for carrying outthe invention, and illustrates.
  • eric terms including I such; operations... as ubrazing, .braze welding, joining or uniting:metallicmernbers.:by use of,
  • the 1 movable ja-wswor clampingelements of jknownsstandard welders. maybe replaced .by,the holders 5, and 6-1pm. videdsawithcdovetail 'slots-5'; and ,6. respectively for re-- movablyw-mounting the graphite :electrodes, thereon.
  • A metal strip-:7 consistingof a stripconductor'to be bers'l and 7, is laid ontthe endof segment; ljalongside of :thebottomrend of the strip '7jas. shown.
  • the filler metal 91 ismelted and ;f rm s (Fig-,2) a concave meniscusql0qfusionzbonding.or. joining the seg ment *1; and strip 7'.
  • The;welding apparatus (Fig. 3) is providedin known manner ,withja transformer 12,.having its primary wind.
  • the holders 5, 6 areweach. cooled by circulating a cooling.
  • the cycle is controlled by controlled the secondary voltage or voltage applied across the member 1 for a predetermined period of time as a function of the size of the members to be joined.
  • a commutator segment having a thickness of six millimeters to be joined to a strip twenty millimeters wide and two millimeters thick requires a secondary voltage of 4.9 volts applied for a period of about eleven seconds.
  • a segment having a thickness of ten millimeters to be joined to a strip twenty-five millimeters wide and three millimeters thick requires a secondary voltage applied during a period of about eighteen seconds.
  • the electrodes are releived as shown in Fig.1 in order to provide an adequate contact area and to preclude overheating the upper edges of the segment 1 and thus provide localized heating of the segment without overheating any portion thereof.
  • a more complicated shape of electrodes 20, 21 are provided with protruding contact surfaces as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in order to ensure well-defined contact surfaces for making positive contact with the commutator segment 1.
  • the electrodes should preferably be made as wide as the width of the strip 7 for optimum operation. It will be understood that the use of dovetail slots on the ends of the holders 5, 6, as stated here'- tofore, provides positive electrical contact with the holders. The electrodes are inserted from the upper end of the slots and they rest at the lower end of the slots 5, 6, 20 21 as shown. The erosion or wear of the graphite electrodes is quite slow and the protuberances and relieved contact areas are provided for purposes of providing adequate contact surfaces rather than making provision for wear.
  • the means and method function as follows: due to passage of the current, the portions of the electrodes adjacent to their contact surfaces, as indicated, for example, at 22 and 23, become incandescent because of the increased current density at these portions so that they heat the strip 7 by radiation from their inner faces and the segment 1 by contact therewith.
  • the radiation from the portions 22, 23 which have become incandescent must be sufiiciently intense for the foot of the strip 7 to attain the flow-temperature of the filler metal 9 substantially at the same time as the top of the segment, on which the strip 7 rests. Under these conditions, the molten filler metal forms spontaneously the concave meniscus 10, symmetrical with respect to the bisector of the angle between segment 1 and strip 7.
  • the shape of the electrodes may be varied to suit the particular case, taking care that the radiating portions of the inner surfaces parallel to the element of low heat holding capacity are suificiently large for heating this element to the required extent.
  • the criterion of sufiicient heating is the production of a smooth meniscus formed by the filler metal in the area of contact with the two elements to be joined, which must attain the flow-temperature of the filler metal substantially at the same time.
  • the invention may be applied to more complicated cases, for example, the butt welding or joining of a thinwalled tubular element with a tube with thick walls.
  • a central electrode and an annular electrode both in close contact with the thick-walled tube.
  • the cylindrical surfaces of the electrodes radiate heat to the thin-walled tube, so as to present in cross-section approximately the same aspect as that of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.
  • a method for fusion bonding two different size workpieces in end-to-end relationship which comprises providing a first workpiece having a low heat content capacity and a second workpiece having a heat content capacity greater than the first workpiece, holding the workpieces in end-to-end and fixed relationship, positioning a piece of filler metal on the end of the second workpiece adjacent the contact area of the workpieces, the filler metal having a lower melting point than both the workpieces,applying a substantially localized electrical current adjacent the end of the second workpiece to be bonded to the first workpiece thereby to at least resistance heat said end of the second workpiece, applying radiation heat to the first workpiece in an area adjacent the end to be bonded to the second workpiece end, the electrical current and radiation heat being applied at a sufficient value and for a period of time sufficient to melt the filler metal thereby to join and fusion bond the workpieces.
  • a method for fusion bonding two different size workpieces in end-to-end relationship which comprises, providing a first workpiece having a relatively large surface area to thickness ratio and low heat holding capacity and a second workpiece having a lower surface area to thickness ratio and a heat holding capacity greater than the first workpiece, holding the workpieces in end-to-end and fixed relationship, positioning a piece of filler metal adjacent the contact area of the workpieces, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the two workpieces, applying a substantially localized electrical current adjacent the second workpiece end to be bonded thereby to resistance heat the end to be bonded, substantially simultaneously applying radiation heat to the first workpiece in an area adjacent the end to be bonded, the electrical current and radiation heat being applied at a sufiicient value and for a period of time sufiicient to melt the filler metal thereby to join and fusion bond the workpieces.
  • a method for fusion bonding two workpieces in end-to-end relationship which comprises; providing a first workpiece having a relatively large surface area to thickness ratio and low heat holding capacity and a second workpiece having a lower surface area to thickness ratio and a heat capacity greater than the first workpiece; clamping the second workpiece between two electrodes to provide electrical contact therewith and holding the two workpieces in a fixed end-to-end relationship, the electrodes having the characteristic of becoming incandescent and radiating heat from at least the end portions thereof when an electrical current of at least a certain value is applied thereto thereby to heat at least the end area of said first workpiece; disposing a piece of filler metal on said second workpiece adjacent the projected contact area of said workpieces; applying an electrical current to said electrodes for a period of time and of a sufiicient value to heat the first workpiece by radiation only and to melt the welding metal and resistance heat the second workpiece at least adjacent the end area ttlliereby to butt join the workpieces and fusion bond 4.
  • a method for joining two metal strips in end-toend relationship by fusion bonding which comprises, providing a first metal strip having a relatively low heat content capacity and a second metal strip having a heat content capacity greater than the first strip, holding the metal strips in fixed end-to-end relationship, positioning a piece of filler metal on the end of the second strip adjacent the contact area of the strips, the filler metal having a lower melting point than both the metal strips, applying a substantially localized electrical current adjacent the second strip end to be joined to the first strip thereby to resistance heat said end, applying radiation heat to the first strip in an area adjacent the end to be joined to the second strip, the electrical current and radiation heat being applied at a suflicient value and for a period of time sufiicient to melt the filler metal thereby, to join and fusion bond the metal strips.
  • a commutator segment with a strip conductor connected end-to-end thereto for rotary electrical machinery manufacture by the method which comprises, providing a first electrically conductive workpiece having a low heat content capacity and a second conductive workpiece having a heat content capacity greater than the first workpiece, disposing the workpieces in end-to-end fixed relationship, positioning a piece of filler metal on the second workpiece adjacent the contact area of the workpieces, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the two workpieces, applying a substantially localized electrical current adjacent the second workpiece end to be bonded thereby to at least resistance heat the end to be bonded, substantially simultaneously applying radiation heat to the first workpiece in an area adjacent the end to be bonded, the electrical current and radiation heat being applied at a sufiicient value and for a period of time suflicient to melt the filler metal thereby, to fusion bond the workpieces.
  • a commutator segment with a strip conductor connected end-to-end thereto for rotary electrical machinery manufactured by the method which comprises, providing a first electrically conductive metallic strip having a relatively low heat content capacity and a second conductive metallic strip having a heat content capacity greater than the first strip, holding the metallic strips in fixed endto-end relationship, positioning a piece of filler metal on one of the strips adjacent the contact area of the strips, the filler metal having a lower melting point than both the metallic strips, applying a substantially localized electrical current adjacent the end of the second strip to be joined to the first strip thereby to resistance heat the end to be joined, substantially simultaneously applying radiation heat to the first strip in at least an area adjacent the end to be joined to the second strip, the electrical current and radiation heat being applied at a sufficient value and for a period of time sufiicient to melt the filler metal thereby to join and fusion bond the metallic strips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
US695815A 1956-11-13 1957-11-12 Method and apparatus for joining two members in end-to-end relationship Expired - Lifetime US2876332A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1160834T 1956-11-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2876332A true US2876332A (en) 1959-03-03

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ID=74683206

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US695815A Expired - Lifetime US2876332A (en) 1956-11-13 1957-11-12 Method and apparatus for joining two members in end-to-end relationship

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US2876332A (fr)
CH (1) CH343042A (fr)
DE (1) DE1078253B (fr)
FR (1) FR1160834A (fr)
GB (1) GB819413A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340378A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-09-05 Super Cut Fixture for resistance-brazing diamond saw teeth in position on steel saw blades

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1372634A (en) * 1921-03-22 Method of and apparatus for brazing
US1834132A (en) * 1924-11-26 1931-12-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Leading-in conductor
US2459863A (en) * 1944-11-10 1949-01-25 Western Electric Co Method of electrical brazing of conductors
US2796511A (en) * 1954-03-22 1957-06-18 Rome Cable Corp Method and apparatus for joining wires by brazing

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1147209A (en) * 1909-10-16 1915-07-20 Electric Railway Improvement Apparatus for electric welding.
DE498501C (de) * 1927-06-28 1930-05-23 Edmund Schroeder Verfahren zum Schweissen und Loeten mit insbesondere elektrisch erzeugter Strahlungswaerme
FR930426A (fr) * 1946-07-10 1948-01-26 Perfectionnements aux fers à souder électriques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1372634A (en) * 1921-03-22 Method of and apparatus for brazing
US1834132A (en) * 1924-11-26 1931-12-01 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Leading-in conductor
US2459863A (en) * 1944-11-10 1949-01-25 Western Electric Co Method of electrical brazing of conductors
US2796511A (en) * 1954-03-22 1957-06-18 Rome Cable Corp Method and apparatus for joining wires by brazing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340378A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-09-05 Super Cut Fixture for resistance-brazing diamond saw teeth in position on steel saw blades

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1160834A (fr) 1958-08-11
DE1078253B (de) 1960-03-24
CH343042A (fr) 1959-12-15
GB819413A (en) 1959-09-02

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