Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
  • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
  • C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
  • C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• This invention relates to compositions useful for lubricating mechanical elements subject to extreme pressures and to methods of preparing same.
• lubricating oils are generally used which are fortified with additives to impart to the lubricating oil the ability to lubricate at high pressures.
• One such product which has been in successful use for many years is a sulfurized-phosphorized lard oil such as that disclosed in Whittier et a1.
• sulfurized-phosphorized fatty bodies such as sulfurized-phosphorized propylene glycol dioleate and glyceryl trioleate
• sulfurized-phosphorized propylene glycol dioleate and glyceryl trioleate have been developed which have overcome some of the shortcomings of sulfurized-phosphorized lard oil, these products are too expensive to be competitive in all markets with competitive products available for these purposes. As a result, it has been found necessary to market different products in different sections of the country to meet the conditions present in each section.
• the present invention overcomes existing problems by formulating a single additive which is equal in performance to known types of sulfurized-phosphorized additives heretofore developed, and which has the further quality of being universally soluble in different types of mineral lubricating oils.
• the additive of our invention is also stable, i. e., it does not form sedimentation upon standing, and imparts to the lubricating oil to which it is added a low channel point thereby making it suitable for use under low temperature conditions.
• lubricants in which our novel additive is incorporated can be blended to meet the proposed new combination SAE /80 and /90 grade specifications.
• esters of tall oil acids in which the replaceable hydrogen has been substituted by branched chain alkyl groups such as isopropyl and isobutyl are not satisfactory because they do not produce stable molecules and have a tendency to polymerize.
• the major portion of the additive in accordance with our invention consists of the sulfurized tall oil ester.
• Metalyn is a readily available low cost material and for that reason we prefer it to the other esters of tall oil acids and aliphatic monohydric alcohols. Since the sulfurized Metalyn is' a relatively low cost material as compared to phosphorized glyceryl trioleate which is added in only minor amounts, the resulting cost of the additive and the finished oil is comparable to that of sulfurizedphospho-rized lard oil.
• Metalyn is a trade name for methyl esters of tall oil acids, and it is prepared by the methyl alcohol esterification of tall oil acids under elevated pressure followed by distillation of the ester.
• This product now being manufactored by the Hercules Powder Company, will have the following characteristics:
• elemental sulfur in the form of finely powdered flowers of sulfur is sifted in small increments into a kettle containing the Metalyn heated to about 275 to 285 F., while being vigorously agitated by a mechanical agitator.
• the ratio of Metalynto sulfur may suitably vary from about 35 parts Metalyn--l5 parts sulfur to 97 parts Metalyn-3 parts sulfur.
• the temperature of the mixture is raised to 350 F.
• the finished reaction product will have the following characteristics:
• API gravity 8.0 Lbs. per gallon 5. 8.45 Percent sulfur 6.26
• the sulfurized Metalyn may contain from approximately 3 to 10 percent of sulfur. Where smaller amounts of sulfur are used, the reaction time and/or temperature may be reduced. Similarly, where larger amounts of sulfur are used, longer reaction times will be required in order to obtain a finished product. Higher temperatures will hasten the reaction time, but temperatures in excess of 400 F. should be avoided.
• esters of tall oil acids such as the. ethyl, propyl, butyl, and amyl may be sulfurized in the same manner as Metalyn to form one constituent of the E. P. base. If desired mixtures of the several esters may be used instead of a single ester in order to obtain desired viscosity, pour point, and other properties in the finished oil.
• glyceryl trioleate As the phosphorus carrier because of its superior load carrying ability.
• glyceryl trioleate having the following specifications:
• Phosphorus sesquisulfide is used for phosphorization because of the uniformity of the resulting products.
• Other sulfides of phosphorus such as phosphorus pentasulfide cause undesirable polymerization. It is important that a pure form of phosphorus sesquisulfide be used since impure material produces a dust-like sediment in the finished product. Pure phosphorus sesquisulfide has a uniformly light yellow color, while the impure material is characterized by small particles of grayish material running uniformly through the entire sample.
• the finished phosphorized glyceryl trioleate will have the following characteristics:
• the amount of phosphorus sesquisulfide incorporated in the product may vary somewhat from the optimum amount above specified, and may range from an amount equivalent to 0.6 to 2.5 per cent phosphorus.
• Phosphorized ethylene, propylene, and butylene glycol oleate or phosphorized low polyunsaturate lard oil are prepared in the same manner as the phosphorized glytive which produces excellent results.
• a blend of 5 parts of sulfurized Metalyn with 1 part of phosphorized glyceryl trioleate prepared and having the characteristics as above set forth will produce an additive having the following characteristics:
• suitable additive blends can be prepared having a sulfur content of approximately 2.5 to 8 percent by weight of sulfur and a phosphorus content of between 0.1 and 0.4 percent by weight by mixing one or more of the aforesaid sulfurized tall oil acid esters with one or more of the aforesaid phosphorus carriers.
• the additive In blending the additive into finished lubricating oil, we may use approximately 10 to 30, but preferably 12 to 15 percent by weight of the additive, so that the finished oil contains approximately .02 to .06 percent of phosphorus and approximately .5 to 1.5 percent of sulfur derived from the additive.
• Acryloid A blend of polymerized esters of methacrylic acid and higher molecular weight alcohols.
• Viscosity at-- The results obtained on the Mil L-2105 performance 100 F 744 tests on the 15% blend are given in the following table 210 F. 81.5 as compared with the Mil L-2l05 specifications for the Index 109 90 grade oil: Viscosity extrapolated at 0'F 75,000
• ratio 111 a dynalnolneter installation to simulate a Chevrolet passenger 2nd Run: No scoring of teeth ve ee
• This blend not only passes Mil L-2105 specifications ASTM pour, F 25 for 90 grade oil, but passes all specifications for a SAE Channel point, F a- 30 80 grade oil except the 100,000 maximum SUS viscosity Storage stability O. K. at 0 F.
• This specification can be readily met by use 70 Modified SAE- of high viscosity index lubricating oil stocks instead of Ring condition O. K. intermediate viscosity index stocks used in the prepara- Ring wt. loss, mg 20.6 tion of the blend which was tested. Timken-- The following table gives the properties and composi- Beam load 51 tion of an E. P. lubricating oil in which high viscosity 75 Pressure 32,050
• a low cost all purpose additive may be prepared which can be blended with any type mineral lubricating oil to give it excellent extreme pressure properties which will meet either or both commercial and military requirements, thereby avoiding the necessity of manufacturing and handling several different additives.
• An extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and a straight chain C -C aliphatic, saturated, monohydric alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-10% by weight of sulfur, and (b) 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phosphorus sesquisulfide and a substance selected from the group consisting of glyceryl trioleate, ethylene glycol dioleate, propylene glycol dioleate, butylene glycol dioleate, and a lard oil containing a low content of polyunsaturated constituents, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 0.6-2.5 wt. percent.
• An extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and methyl alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-10% by Weight of sulfur, and (b) 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phosphorus sesqui- 8 sulfide and a substance selected from the group consisting of glyceryl trioleate, ethylene glycol dioleate, propylene glycol dioleate, butylene glycol dioleate, and a lard oil containing a low content of polyunsaturated constituents, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 0.6-2.5 wt. percent.
• An extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and methyl alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-10% by weight of sulfur, and (b) 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phosphorus sesquisulfide and glyceryl trioleate, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 0.6-2.5 wt. percent.
• An extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and methyl alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 6.26% by weight of sulfur, and (b) 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phosphorus sesquisulfide and glyceryl trioleate, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 1.26 wt. percent.
• a lubricant comprising a major portion of a mineral, lubricating oil and containing 10-20% by weight of an extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and a C -C straight chain, aliphatic saturated monovalent alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-1()% by weight of sulfur, and (b) 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phosphorus sequisulfide 'and a substance selected from the group consisting of glyceryl trioleate, ethylene glycol dioleate, propylene glycol dioleate, butylene glycol dioleate, and a lard oil containing a low content of polyunsaturated constituents, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 0.6-2.5 vvt. percent.
• a lubricant comprising a major portion of a mineral, lubricating oil and containing 10-20% by weight of an extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and methyl alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-10% by weight of sulfur, and (I1) 1 part by weight of the reaction product ofphosphorus sesquisulfide and glyceryl trioleate, said reaction product having a phosphorus content of 0.6-2.5 wt. percent, said additive being present in amounts sufficient to incorporate 0.02-0.06% phosphorus, and 0.5-1.5% sulfur in the lubricant.
• an extreme pressure lubricant additive consisting essentially of (a) 3-5 parts by weight of a sulfurized ester of tall oil acids and methyl alcohol, said sulfurized ester containing 3-10% by weight of sulfur, and (I1) 1 part by weight of the reaction product ofphosphorus sesquisulfide and glyceryl trioleate, said reaction product
• a lubricant in accordance with claim 7 in which is incorporated 5-10% by weight of dibenzyl disulfide.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 0
  • BE BE521718D patent/BE521718A/xx unknown
• 1952
  • 1952-08-01 US US302232A patent/US2873254A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1953
  • 1953-07-13 GB GB19402/53A patent/GB748151A/en not_active Expired
  • 1953-07-20 FR FR1086442D patent/FR1086442A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1953-07-31 DE DEP10207A patent/DE948811C/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (4)

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