US2872882A - Vapor resisting roof structure - Google Patents

Vapor resisting roof structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2872882A
US2872882A US429561A US42956154A US2872882A US 2872882 A US2872882 A US 2872882A US 429561 A US429561 A US 429561A US 42956154 A US42956154 A US 42956154A US 2872882 A US2872882 A US 2872882A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vapor
roof
roof structure
slab
vapor barrier
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Expired - Lifetime
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US429561A
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Robert E Paul
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Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co
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Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co
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Priority to US429561A priority Critical patent/US2872882A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/355—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material the insulating layers of adjacent slabs having cooperating edges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/354—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material more than one of the layers being composed of insulating material

Definitions

  • thermo-insulation and resisters to the flow of water vapors and in particular to thermo-insulated water vapor resistant roof decks that provide a ceiling for the interior and a surface for receiving the roof structure. 7
  • An important object of the invention is to provide a structural insulating unit adapted to take the place of roof boards now commonly in use and at the same time provide a ceiling for the interior of the structure and a roof receiving surface which may be safely used in an area where the average January isotherm is below 45 F.
  • a further object of the invention is to produce a specific type of structural insulating member which provides water vapor resisters on all edges, which vapor barriers cooperate with vapor barriers on adjacent units and which is shown and disclosed hereinafter.
  • Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of two slabs in nonassembled position
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the two slabs shown in Figure 1 is assembled relationship
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation view of the two slabs showing the longitudinal edge with the vapor barrier associated with the joint
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 with a modified form of vapor barrier on the abutting edges, and
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view with parts broken away showing the vapor barrier along the edge and the end of the slabs.
  • a roof slab made in accordance with this invention is that the roof goes up quickly and thus cuts the cost of construction.
  • a roof made in accordance with this invention from the standpoint of comfort is effective in reducing heat transmission in either direction.
  • a building employing a roof deck made in accordance with this invention will store up less heat in the summer which means cooler interiors during the day,
  • the roof slab indicated generally at 10 is composed of rigid fiber insulation board 12. Such board may consist of two or more laminations. To the rigid fiber board 12 is secured a ceiling layer 14. This layer furnishes the finished interior surface of the house. Between the board 12 and the layer 14 is vapor barrier 16.
  • a suitable barrier is an asphalt saturated and coated paper, for example a 30-60-30 paper.
  • the vapor barrier 16 extends from the end not less than A" and preferably about 1 in. or more to provide free ends.
  • Each roof slab is provided along the longitudinal edge with a tongue 22 and on the opposed edge with a groove 24. It is to be understood, of course, that various types of joints may be employed but regardless of the type of joint employed the grooves should be provided adjacent the tongue.
  • a suitable elastic gasket is preferred and a sponge rubber gasket by /2" has proven highly satisfactory. It is important that the gasket 26 in the assembled slab contact the barrier 16 of the slab in which it is positioned and the barrier in the adjacent slab. It is important that when the slabs are assembled that the gasket be tightly compressed. Generally, each roof slab is considerably longer than it is wide and it has been found that about 2 feet in width and about 8 feet in length gives very satisfactory results. In place of extending the vapor barrier 16 beyond the ends of the slab as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the ends may be formed together in overlapping joints as shown in Figure 4. If this type of joint is used, it is preferred that vapor barrier material be place in the joint as shown in Figure 4 at 28.
  • the ceiling portion of the slab be prefinished as by coating so that when applied a finished ceiling is provided. It is to be understood that the ceiling facing portion 14 may be of the same or of diiferent material to the portion 12.
  • the roof slab may be applied as follows: start the application at the lower edge of the roof and work up the slope; applying the units with the long dimensions at right angles to the framing members, leaving the tongue edge exposed; stagger the butt joint so that the adjacent piece does not end on the same framing member. It is necessary to bring the long edges together to a snug fit. To accomplish this it may be necessary to use a driving Patented Feb. 10, 1959 block against the upper shoulder of the joint above the tongue. It is important that the gasket 26 in the long joint be tightly compressed before the unit is secured in place. To insurethis result, each unit. should be placed. in position andbrought to a snugfit along the gasket edge and then immediately fasten the unit in place.
  • the ends of the unit should be placed 4;" apart and when the adjacent units are in position a vapor barrier is provided at the ends as shown in Figure 2. It is not essential that calking material be used in the end joints but this joint may be calked after the slabs are in position as shown in Figure 2. It is to be understood that the built up roofs as well as other types may be used in connection with the present invention.
  • the roof deck assembly comprising the combination of exposed beams and a series of substantially rectangular insulating units secured thereto, each unit comprising a series of laminated fiberboard with a face board providing a finish ceiling surface, a vapor barrier membrane interposed between two layers of the fiberboard, saidmembrane having free-ends extending beyond the end edges and contacting the ends of spaced adjacent units and an elastic vapor barrier material positioned in a groove in the longitudinal edge of each unit and contacting the vapor barrier in adjacent units in the roof deck assembly.
  • a roof deck assembly comprising the combination of exposed beams and a series of substantially rectangular insulating units secured thereto, each unit comprising a plurality of laminated fiberboard with a face board providing a finish ceiling surface, a vapor barrier membrane interposed between the board providing the ceiling surface and the adjacent board, said vapor membrane having free-ends extending beyond the end edges and contacting the ends spaced adjacent units and a vapor barrier material positioned in a groove in the longitudinal edge of each unit and contacting the vapor barrier in adjacent units and the assembly roof deck.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

Feb. 10, 1959 R; E. PAUL I ,87 ,8
VAPOR RESISTING ROOF STRUCTURE Filed May 13, 1954 INVENTOR. ROBERT E. PAUL BY J'' United States Patent VAPOR RESISTING ROOF STRUCTURE Robert E. Paul, Minneapolis, Minn., assignor to Minnesota and Ontario Paper Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
Application May 13, 1954, Serial No. 429,561
' 2 Claims. ('Cl. 108-6) This invention relates generally to thermo-insulation and resisters to the flow of water vapors and in particular to thermo-insulated water vapor resistant roof decks that provide a ceiling for the interior and a surface for receiving the roof structure. 7
The problem of heat insulation between atmospheric air volumes of different temperature is complicated by water vapor in the air and by the property of water vapor in air to condense at a precise temperature dependent. upon the water vapor content. It is important to prevent resulting damage to the roof insulating slab which furnishes the structural element of the roof and the decorative surface for the interior.
An important object of the invention is to provide a structural insulating unit adapted to take the place of roof boards now commonly in use and at the same time provide a ceiling for the interior of the structure and a roof receiving surface which may be safely used in an area where the average January isotherm is below 45 F.
A further object of the invention is to produce a specific type of structural insulating member which provides water vapor resisters on all edges, which vapor barriers cooperate with vapor barriers on adjacent units and which is shown and disclosed hereinafter.
For the purpose of this invention there has been elected to set forth certain particular structures but it is to be understood that they are here presented for illustrative purposes only and are not to be accorded any interpretation such as might have the efiect of limiting what is claimed as the invention short of its true and comprehensive scope in the art.
Other and further objects of the invention and the advantages of the same will be pointed out hereinafter and indicated in the appended claims or will be obvious to one skilled in the art upon understanding of the present disclosure.
The drawing forming a part of the specification where:
Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of two slabs in nonassembled position,
Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the two slabs shown in Figure 1 is assembled relationship,
Figure 3 is a side elevation view of the two slabs showing the longitudinal edge with the vapor barrier associated with the joint,
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 with a modified form of vapor barrier on the abutting edges, and
Figure 5 is a perspective view with parts broken away showing the vapor barrier along the edge and the end of the slabs.
An important feature of a roof slab made in accordance with this invention is that the roof goes up quickly and thus cuts the cost of construction. A roof made in accordance with this invention from the standpoint of comfort is effective in reducing heat transmission in either direction. A building employing a roof deck made in accordance with this invention will store up less heat in the summer which means cooler interiors during the day,
2 and a quicker cooling of the house at night. During cold winters it will result in the conservation of heat and thus reduce fuel costs. Before this invention a roof slab used to give a ceiling on one side and a roof receiving surface on the other could be used only in climates where the average January isotherm was not below about.
45 F. This was. due to the transmission of vapor into the roof structure. It was found that in climates experiencing freezing weather that vapor in heated houses migrated into the insulation and below the roof structure and as it acquired a lower temperature, due to the vapor condensing, it resulted in roofing difiiculties. Theoretically, condensation of vapors occurs at the dew point and at this point water is deposited such as causes difficulty particularly in built up roofs.
In the layer of a roof structure the longitudinal edges are fitted snugly together and the combination of the vapor resister along the edge in combination with the vapor barrier or resister placed adjacent the one side of the roof slab provides a substantially tight joint. Due to-the necessity of spacing the end joints of each unit about /s" apart, a vapor resister must be furnished at these joints. Although such joints occur over beams, sufficient vapor will leak through the joint to cause difficulty particularly in built up roofs. I Referring to the drawings in detail the roof slab indicated generally at 10 is composed of rigid fiber insulation board 12. Such board may consist of two or more laminations. To the rigid fiber board 12 is secured a ceiling layer 14. This layer furnishes the finished interior surface of the house. Between the board 12 and the layer 14 is vapor barrier 16. A suitable barrier is an asphalt saturated and coated paper, for example a 30-60-30 paper. To provide a suitable vapor barrier at the end of the unit which occurs over beams the vapor barrier 16 extends from the end not less than A" and preferably about 1 in. or more to provide free ends. Each roof slab is provided along the longitudinal edge with a tongue 22 and on the opposed edge with a groove 24. It is to be understood, of course, that various types of joints may be employed but regardless of the type of joint employed the grooves should be provided adjacent the tongue.
A suitable elastic gasket is preferred and a sponge rubber gasket by /2" has proven highly satisfactory. It is important that the gasket 26 in the assembled slab contact the barrier 16 of the slab in which it is positioned and the barrier in the adjacent slab. It is important that when the slabs are assembled that the gasket be tightly compressed. Generally, each roof slab is considerably longer than it is wide and it has been found that about 2 feet in width and about 8 feet in length gives very satisfactory results. In place of extending the vapor barrier 16 beyond the ends of the slab as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the ends may be formed together in overlapping joints as shown in Figure 4. If this type of joint is used, it is preferred that vapor barrier material be place in the joint as shown in Figure 4 at 28.
It is preferred that the ceiling portion of the slab be prefinished as by coating so that when applied a finished ceiling is provided. It is to be understood that the ceiling facing portion 14 may be of the same or of diiferent material to the portion 12.
The roof slab may be applied as follows: start the application at the lower edge of the roof and work up the slope; applying the units with the long dimensions at right angles to the framing members, leaving the tongue edge exposed; stagger the butt joint so that the adjacent piece does not end on the same framing member. It is necessary to bring the long edges together to a snug fit. To accomplish this it may be necessary to use a driving Patented Feb. 10, 1959 block against the upper shoulder of the joint above the tongue. It is important that the gasket 26 in the long joint be tightly compressed before the unit is secured in place. To insurethis result, each unit. should be placed. in position andbrought to a snugfit along the gasket edge and then immediately fasten the unit in place. The ends of the unit should be placed 4;" apart and when the adjacent units are in position a vapor barrier is provided at the ends as shown in Figure 2. It is not essential that calking material be used in the end joints but this joint may be calked after the slabs are in position as shown in Figure 2. It is to be understood that the built up roofs as well as other types may be used in connection with the present invention.
What is claimed:
1.. The roof deck assembly comprising the combination of exposed beams and a series of substantially rectangular insulating units secured thereto, each unit comprising a series of laminated fiberboard with a face board providing a finish ceiling surface, a vapor barrier membrane interposed between two layers of the fiberboard, saidmembrane having free-ends extending beyond the end edges and contacting the ends of spaced adjacent units and an elastic vapor barrier material positioned in a groove in the longitudinal edge of each unit and contacting the vapor barrier in adjacent units in the roof deck assembly.
. 2. A roof deck assembly comprising the combination of exposed beams and a series of substantially rectangular insulating units secured thereto, each unit comprising a plurality of laminated fiberboard with a face board providing a finish ceiling surface, a vapor barrier membrane interposed between the board providing the ceiling surface and the adjacent board, said vapor membrane having free-ends extending beyond the end edges and contacting the ends spaced adjacent units and a vapor barrier material positioned in a groove in the longitudinal edge of each unit and contacting the vapor barrier in adjacent units and the assembly roof deck.
References Qited in the file of this patent UN lTED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Architectural Record, May 1954, pages 216-217.
US429561A 1954-05-13 1954-05-13 Vapor resisting roof structure Expired - Lifetime US2872882A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3077703A (en) * 1959-04-17 1963-02-19 Wood Conversion Co Roof deck structure
US3079730A (en) * 1958-03-04 1963-03-05 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Roof deck structure having a continuous vapor barrier and composite insulating element therefor
US3138898A (en) * 1957-08-14 1964-06-30 Johns Manville Joint for insulating board roof plank
US3209502A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-10-05 Allied Chem Insulating roof deck structure
US3653170A (en) * 1966-11-02 1972-04-04 Addison C Sheckler Insulated masonry blocks
US3817011A (en) * 1973-01-18 1974-06-18 Stackaruk F Prefabricated interlocking wall panel
US4070805A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-01-31 Sid Kastner Displaceable building unit for off-the-wall games
US6158191A (en) * 1999-07-02 2000-12-12 Seem; Charles T. Roof panel with plow-shaped edge and related roof panel system
US20040206037A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2004-10-21 Bennett John Landus Method for making tongue and groove panel
US20060179764A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-17 Nichiha Co., Ltd. Siding boards attachment structure
US20070227090A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2007-10-04 Rejean Plante Flexible Insulation Membrane With Flat Overlapping Joints and Method of Installing the Same
US20080047212A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Self-Spacing Wood Composite Panels
US20210301534A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-30 Building Materials Investment Corporation Interlocking laminated structural roofing panels

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US396292A (en) * 1889-01-15 Edmond clark richmond
US1202770A (en) * 1916-02-16 1916-10-31 William E Aycock Weather-boarding.
US1729632A (en) * 1926-07-02 1929-10-01 Walter C Stone Moistureproof wall structure and method of making same
US2027292A (en) * 1932-03-25 1936-01-07 Bradley Lumber Company Of Arka Block flooring
US2215811A (en) * 1937-06-14 1940-09-24 Carroll C Figge Roof structure and insulating element
US2278146A (en) * 1938-01-13 1942-03-31 Carey Philip Mfg Co Composite panel board
FR976137A (en) * 1948-08-31 1951-03-14 Device intended to ensure the tightness of doors and windows while attenuating the shocks which may occur when closing
US2754776A (en) * 1951-07-11 1956-07-17 John F Blaski Roof construction
US2785099A (en) * 1950-09-05 1957-03-12 Badham Insulation Company Fire resisting insulating material and building construction embodying the same
US2808624A (en) * 1950-10-28 1957-10-08 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Panels and connector therefor

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US396292A (en) * 1889-01-15 Edmond clark richmond
US1202770A (en) * 1916-02-16 1916-10-31 William E Aycock Weather-boarding.
US1729632A (en) * 1926-07-02 1929-10-01 Walter C Stone Moistureproof wall structure and method of making same
US2027292A (en) * 1932-03-25 1936-01-07 Bradley Lumber Company Of Arka Block flooring
US2215811A (en) * 1937-06-14 1940-09-24 Carroll C Figge Roof structure and insulating element
US2278146A (en) * 1938-01-13 1942-03-31 Carey Philip Mfg Co Composite panel board
FR976137A (en) * 1948-08-31 1951-03-14 Device intended to ensure the tightness of doors and windows while attenuating the shocks which may occur when closing
US2785099A (en) * 1950-09-05 1957-03-12 Badham Insulation Company Fire resisting insulating material and building construction embodying the same
US2808624A (en) * 1950-10-28 1957-10-08 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Panels and connector therefor
US2754776A (en) * 1951-07-11 1956-07-17 John F Blaski Roof construction

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3138898A (en) * 1957-08-14 1964-06-30 Johns Manville Joint for insulating board roof plank
US3079730A (en) * 1958-03-04 1963-03-05 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Roof deck structure having a continuous vapor barrier and composite insulating element therefor
US3077703A (en) * 1959-04-17 1963-02-19 Wood Conversion Co Roof deck structure
US3209502A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-10-05 Allied Chem Insulating roof deck structure
US3653170A (en) * 1966-11-02 1972-04-04 Addison C Sheckler Insulated masonry blocks
US3817011A (en) * 1973-01-18 1974-06-18 Stackaruk F Prefabricated interlocking wall panel
US4070805A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-01-31 Sid Kastner Displaceable building unit for off-the-wall games
US6158191A (en) * 1999-07-02 2000-12-12 Seem; Charles T. Roof panel with plow-shaped edge and related roof panel system
US20040206037A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2004-10-21 Bennett John Landus Method for making tongue and groove panel
US20090211176A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2009-08-27 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Tongue and groove panel
US20070227090A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2007-10-04 Rejean Plante Flexible Insulation Membrane With Flat Overlapping Joints and Method of Installing the Same
US7827751B2 (en) * 2004-04-06 2010-11-09 Rejean Plante Moisture barrier underlayment with intermediate layer to accommodate expansion and contraction
US20110091678A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2011-04-21 Rejean Plante Moisture barrier underlayment with intermediate layer to accommodate expansion and contraction
US20060179764A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-17 Nichiha Co., Ltd. Siding boards attachment structure
US20080047212A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Self-Spacing Wood Composite Panels
US8065851B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2011-11-29 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Self-spacing wood composite panels
US20210301534A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-30 Building Materials Investment Corporation Interlocking laminated structural roofing panels
US11834835B2 (en) * 2020-03-30 2023-12-05 Bmic Llc Interlocking laminated structural roofing panels

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