US2872315A - Sizing paper and product - Google Patents
Sizing paper and product Download PDFInfo
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- US2872315A US2872315A US609802A US60980256A US2872315A US 2872315 A US2872315 A US 2872315A US 609802 A US609802 A US 609802A US 60980256 A US60980256 A US 60980256A US 2872315 A US2872315 A US 2872315A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rosin
- tall oil
- sizing
- pulp
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical class C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietan Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N dehydroabietic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CC[C@H]21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940118781 dehydroabietic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the sizing of paper and more particularly to improvements in the engine sizing of paper with rosin sizes derived from tall oil rosin.
- Tall oil rosin is derived from crude tall oil by treating the same to effect a separation of the resin acid and fatty acid components. Many processes for effecting this separation are known.
- One of the more elfective means is fractional distillation of crude tall oil at reduced pressure to obtain resin and fatty acids fractions, one being contaminated with as little as 3% or less of the other.
- a commercially available tall oil rosin competitive with gum and wood rosin is obtained by this method.
- Tall oil rosin may be converted into size in the usual manner by melting the rosin, adding sufiicient water and alkali, such as caustic soda, soda ash and the like, to give the desired total solids and free rosin, and stirring until a smooth paste is obtained.
- the resulting size may then be utilized for sizing in the conventional manner, namely, by mixing a dilute aqueous dispersion of the size with a suspension of paper pulp and then precipitating the rosin on the paper fibers by adding to the suspension 2, small quantity of aluminum sulfate (known as alum in the papermakers art).
- the dispersed tall oil rosin may be added in varying amounts, depending upon the result desired, but is usually added in amounts between about and about 4% based on the weight of dry pulp being treated.
- the amount of alum added will vary be- 2,872,315 Patented Feb. 3, 1959 dispersion, is added to a dilute aqueous suspension of pulp, such as in the beater of a papermaking machine, in an amount sufficient to supply from about A to about 4% of rosin based on the weight of dry pulp used.
- the rosin is then fixed to the pulp fibers by adding a small amount, i. e., from about /2 to about 5% based on the weight of dry pulp, of aluminum sulfate, following which the pulp is formed into paper in the conventional manner.
- One of the objects of this invention is to provide a method of improving the sizing efilciency of tall oil rosin size dispersions such as those described above.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a sizing adjunct which, when employed in combination with tall oil rosin in the engine sizing of pulp suspensions, not only provides a considerably higher degree of sizing than an equivalent amount of tall oil rosin alone but also permits equivalent sizing with much lower rosin dosages.
- the tall oil rosin size compositions, utilized in sizing paper contain from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the Weight of rosin, of a rosin acid dimer. It has been found that tall oil rosin sizing compositions so modified have greatly increased sizing efliciency which is indeed surprising since the rosin acid dimer itself has little, if any, sizing effect.
- a tall oil rosin size composition containing the indicated amount of rosin acid dimer, and preferably in the form of a dilute aqueous are by weight unless otherwise specified.
- Paste sizes were prepared from tall oil rosin containing varying amounts of rosin acid dimer in the form of Dymerex, a product sold by the Hercules Powder Company. The sizes were cooked in the usual manner by melting the rosin, adding sufficient water and caustic to give the desired total solids and free rosin, and stirring until a smooth paste was obtained.
- the Dymerex used in the examples is a pale colored thermoplastic resin sold by the Hercules Powder Company comprising approximately by weight of dimeric rosin acids and having the following physical properties:
- the amount of rosin acid dimer contemplated for use herein may vary from about 5% to about 20% by weight based on the weight of rosin. Amounts below 5% do not give any effective increase in sizing eificiency while amounts above about 20% add nothing to the sizing efiiciency'and, in fact, cause a decrease in sizing efficiency as the percentage of dimer is increased.
- the rosin acid dimer may be added to the tall oil rosin and the rosin then converted into size in the usual manner.
- the rosin acid dimer may be added during or after preparation of the size or prepared in situ by treating the tall oil rosin to form therein the amount of rosin acid dimer required to give the desired increase in sizing efficiency.
- Rosin acid dimers suitable for use herein may be prepared by conventional methods well known to the prior art. These, in general, involve treating rosin with suitable polymerization catalyst, e. g., a strong acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, an amphoteric metal halide such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, or boron trifluoride, an acid salt such as sodium acid sulfate, and so on.
- suitable polymerization catalyst e. g., a strong acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, an amphoteric metal halide such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, or boron trifluoride, an acid salt such as sodium acid sulfate, and so on.
- suitable polymerization catalyst e. g., a strong acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, an amphoteric metal halide such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, or boron trifluoride, an acid salt such as sodium acid sulfate, and so on.
- rosin size compositions contemplated for use herein are prepared from tall oil rosin. While tall oil rosin varies somewhat depending on its derivation and method of recovery and purification, the following are typical properties of such a product prepared by fractional distillation at reduced pressures.
- the tall oil rosinsize compositions may also contain adducts of rosin and materials such as maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citraconic acid and the like.
- the present invention provides increased sizing efficiency for tall oil rosin size compositions when employed in the sizing of paper in accordance with procedures conventionally used in the art. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been specifically described herein, the invention is not to be construed as limited thereby except as the same may be included in the following claims.
- the improvement which comprises incorporating with the tall oil rosin size from about 5% to about 20% by Weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a rosin acid dimer.
- the improvement which comprises incorporating with the tall oil rosin size from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a mixture of dimeric rosin acids.
- the process of sizing paper which comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of paper pulp from about A to 4% of a tall oil rosin size containing from about 5% to about 20% by Weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, or" a rosin acid dimer, beating the rosin dispersion into the pulp, admixing with the thus treated pulp from about /2% to about 5% of aluminum sulfate based on the weight of the dry pulp, and then forming the pulp into paper.
- the process of sizing paper which comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of paper pulp a dilute aqueous dispersion of an at least partially neutralized mixture of tall oil rosin and rosin acid dimer, said aqueous dispersion containing from about 5% to about 20% of the rosin acid dimer based on the weight of the tall oil rosin and being added to the aqueous suspension of paper pulp in an amount sutficient to supply from about ,4, to 4% rosin based on the weight of dry pulp, admixing with the thus treated pulp from about /1 to about 5% of aluminum sulfate based on the weight of the dry pulp, and then forming the pulp into paper.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Description
United States I 1 SIZING PAPER AND PRODUCT Spencer H. Watkins, Wilmington, Del., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 14, 1956 Serial No. 609,802
6 Claims. (CI. 92-21) This invention relates to improvements in the sizing of paper and more particularly to improvements in the engine sizing of paper with rosin sizes derived from tall oil rosin.
Tall oil rosin is derived from crude tall oil by treating the same to effect a separation of the resin acid and fatty acid components. Many processes for effecting this separation are known. One of the more elfective means is fractional distillation of crude tall oil at reduced pressure to obtain resin and fatty acids fractions, one being contaminated with as little as 3% or less of the other. A commercially available tall oil rosin competitive with gum and wood rosin is obtained by this method. Other methods involve 1) the fractional esterification of the fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols followed by the distillation of the resin acids, (2) total esterification of the tall oil followed by fractional saponification of the fatty acid esters followed by extraction, and (3) fractional precipitation of the resin acids out of acetone solution of the tall oil followed by decomposition of the resin acid salts with mineral acid.
Tall oil rosin may be converted into size in the usual manner by melting the rosin, adding sufiicient water and alkali, such as caustic soda, soda ash and the like, to give the desired total solids and free rosin, and stirring until a smooth paste is obtained. The resulting size may then be utilized for sizing in the conventional manner, namely, by mixing a dilute aqueous dispersion of the size with a suspension of paper pulp and then precipitating the rosin on the paper fibers by adding to the suspension 2, small quantity of aluminum sulfate (known as alum in the papermakers art). The dispersed tall oil rosin may be added in varying amounts, depending upon the result desired, but is usually added in amounts between about and about 4% based on the weight of dry pulp being treated. The amount of alum added will vary be- 2,872,315 Patented Feb. 3, 1959 dispersion, is added to a dilute aqueous suspension of pulp, such as in the beater of a papermaking machine, in an amount sufficient to supply from about A to about 4% of rosin based on the weight of dry pulp used. The rosin is then fixed to the pulp fibers by adding a small amount, i. e., from about /2 to about 5% based on the weight of dry pulp, of aluminum sulfate, following which the pulp is formed into paper in the conventional manner.
Having described the invention generally, the following examples are presentedin illustration but not in limitation of the invention. All parts and percentages tween about /z%' and about 5% but will usually be about 1% by weight of the dry pulp.
One of the objects of this invention is to provide a method of improving the sizing efilciency of tall oil rosin size dispersions such as those described above.
A further object of the invention is to provide a sizing adjunct which, when employed in combination with tall oil rosin in the engine sizing of pulp suspensions, not only provides a considerably higher degree of sizing than an equivalent amount of tall oil rosin alone but also permits equivalent sizing with much lower rosin dosages.
In accordance with the invention, these and other objects are attained if the tall oil rosin size compositions, utilized in sizing paper, contain from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the Weight of rosin, of a rosin acid dimer. It has been found that tall oil rosin sizing compositions so modified have greatly increased sizing efliciency which is indeed surprising since the rosin acid dimer itself has little, if any, sizing effect.
In carrying out the invention, a tall oil rosin size composition containing the indicated amount of rosin acid dimer, and preferably in the form of a dilute aqueous are by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLES 1-3 Paste sizes were prepared from tall oil rosin containing varying amounts of rosin acid dimer in the form of Dymerex, a product sold by the Hercules Powder Company. The sizes were cooked in the usual manner by melting the rosin, adding sufficient water and caustic to give the desired total solids and free rosin, and stirring until a smooth paste was obtained.
The sizes prepared as above, together with samples of Dymerex, were utilized in sizing paper in accordance with the following procedure. Bleached kraft pulp was beaten to a Shopper-Reigler freeness of 750110 cc. at 4.5% pulp consistency. This pulp was diluted to 2 /2% consistency with pH 7 water and the proper amount of size added as an aqueous dispersion containing 3% rosin size solids. Sufficient papermakers alum (about 2% based on the dry stock) was then added to lower the pH of the slurry to 4.5. The stock was then further diluted to 0.025% consistency and sheets of paper made in a Noble and Wood handsheet machine. The sheets were then pressed and dried and conditioned for 48 hours at 70 C., 50% relative humidity and tested for sizing. The results are set forth in the table below, the figures representing the degree of sizing reflecting an average of data obtained on two papermaking runs.
The Dymerex used in the examples is a pale colored thermoplastic resin sold by the Hercules Powder Company comprising approximately by weight of dimeric rosin acids and having the following physical properties:
Softening point:
Hercules drop method, C 152 ASTM ball and ring, C 139 Acid number 143 Saponification number:
Regular 145 Diethylene glycol 157 Unsaponifiable matter, percent 4 6.1 Color (U. S. D. A. rosin scale) M Gasoline insoluble Nil Molecular weight (in acetone) 502 Sulfur (Hercules lead oxide reactivity test) Negative Density at 20 C 1.069 Bromine number (KBr-KBrO method) 93 Hydrogen absorption, percent 0.51 Ash content, percent 0.005
3 Liebermann, scorch test- Positive Specific rotation 23.2'' Weight per U. S. gallon 8.91 Flash point (Cleveland open cup), F 487 The above examples clearly show that the efficiency of tall oil rosin as a sizing material is markedly increased when a rosin acid dimer is employed therewith. Thus, it is possible to obtain either a much larger amount of sizing with an equivalent amount of rosin, when the rosin acid dimer is employed, or the same degree of sizing may be obtained with considerably less rosin. This is of great advantage to the papermaker, particularly in those instances where it is desired to obtain a maximum amount of sizing at minimum cost.
The examples also" show that this increase in sizing efliciency is due to asynergis'tic effect and not to try inherent sizing characteristics of the rosin acid dimer itself since it is clear from Example 3 that the dimer has no appreciable sizing efiect.
The amount of rosin acid dimer contemplated for use herein may vary from about 5% to about 20% by weight based on the weight of rosin. Amounts below 5% do not give any effective increase in sizing eificiency while amounts above about 20% add nothing to the sizing efiiciency'and, in fact, cause a decrease in sizing efficiency as the percentage of dimer is increased.
In the preparation of the rosin size compositions utilized in the process of the present invention, the rosin acid dimer may be added to the tall oil rosin and the rosin then converted into size in the usual manner. Alternatively, the rosin acid dimer may be added during or after preparation of the size or prepared in situ by treating the tall oil rosin to form therein the amount of rosin acid dimer required to give the desired increase in sizing efficiency.
Rosin acid dimers suitable for use herein may be prepared by conventional methods well known to the prior art. These, in general, involve treating rosin with suitable polymerization catalyst, e. g., a strong acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, an amphoteric metal halide such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, or boron trifluoride, an acid salt such as sodium acid sulfate, and so on. The rosins utilized may be ordinary gum, wood or tall oil rosin, specially refined and/or purified rosins and so on.
The advantages of the invention are realized when the rosin size compositions contemplated for use herein are prepared from tall oil rosin. While tall oil rosin varies somewhat depending on its derivation and method of recovery and purification, the following are typical properties of such a product prepared by fractional distillation at reduced pressures.
Acid number 168-172 Saponification number 172-178 Softening p'oint (ring and ball) 78-85 C. Resin acids 89.0-91.0 Fatty acids 1-3 Ultraviolet:
Total abietic-type acid 45-55 Dehydroabietic acid -20 Color (USDA rosin color scale) N-WG Specific rotation -5.0 to +5.0
In addition to rosin acid dimers, the tall oil rosinsize compositions, contemplated for use herein, may also contain adducts of rosin and materials such as maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citraconic acid and the like.
It will thus be seen that the present invention provides increased sizing efficiency for tall oil rosin size compositions when employed in the sizing of paper in accordance with procedures conventionally used in the art. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been specifically described herein, the invention is not to be construed as limited thereby except as the same may be included in the following claims.
What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:
1. In the process of sizing paper with tall oil rosin size wherein the size is added to an aqueous suspension of pulp and the pulp then formed into a web of paper, the improvement which comprises incorporating with the tall oil rosin size from about 5% to about 20% by Weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a rosin acid dimer.
2. In the process of sizing paper with tall oil rosin size wherein the size is added to an aqueous suspension of pulp and the pulp then formed into a Web of paper, the improvement which comprises incorporating with the tall oil rosin size from about 5% to about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a mixture of dimeric rosin acids.
3. The process of sizing paper which comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of paper pulp from about A to 4% of a tall oil rosin size containing from about 5% to about 20% by Weight, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, or" a rosin acid dimer, beating the rosin dispersion into the pulp, admixing with the thus treated pulp from about /2% to about 5% of aluminum sulfate based on the weight of the dry pulp, and then forming the pulp into paper.
4. The process of sizing paper which comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of paper pulp a dilute aqueous dispersion of an at least partially neutralized mixture of tall oil rosin and rosin acid dimer, said aqueous dispersion containing from about 5% to about 20% of the rosin acid dimer based on the weight of the tall oil rosin and being added to the aqueous suspension of paper pulp in an amount sutficient to supply from about ,4, to 4% rosin based on the weight of dry pulp, admixing with the thus treated pulp from about /1 to about 5% of aluminum sulfate based on the weight of the dry pulp, and then forming the pulp into paper.
5. Paper sized with from about A to about 4% tall oil rosin, /2 to 5% aluminum sulfate based on the fiber, and from about 5 to about 20%, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a rosin acid dimer.
6. Paper sized with from about A to about 4% tall oil rosin, /2 to 5% aluminum sulfate based on the fiber, and from about 5 to about 20%, based on the weight of the tall oil rosin, of a mixture of dimeric rosin acids.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,929,115 Iohnstone Oct. 3, 1933 2,017,866 Morton Oct. 22, 1935 2,074,192 Schnorf Mar. 16, 1937 2,684,300 Wilson July 20, 1954 2,730,511 Floyd Jan. 10, 1956 2,771,464 Mastings et a1 Nov. 20, 1956 2,791,578 Drechsel et al May 7, 1957 OTHER REFERENCES Davis et al.: The Analyst 78, pp. 670-2; 1953; British magazine; abstracted in Chem. Abstr. 1954, vol. 48 pg, 1703d. V
Claims (1)
1. IN THE PROCESS OF SIZING PAPER WITH TALL OIL ROSIN SIZE WHEREIN THE SIZE IS ADDED TO AN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF PULP AND THE PULP THEN FORMED INTO A WEB OF PAPER, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES INCORPORATING WITH THE TALL OIL ROSIN SIZE FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 20% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE OIL ROSIN, OF A ROSIN ACID DIMER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US609802A US2872315A (en) | 1956-09-14 | 1956-09-14 | Sizing paper and product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US609802A US2872315A (en) | 1956-09-14 | 1956-09-14 | Sizing paper and product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2872315A true US2872315A (en) | 1959-02-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US609802A Expired - Lifetime US2872315A (en) | 1956-09-14 | 1956-09-14 | Sizing paper and product |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2994635A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1961-08-01 | Monsanto Chemicals | Fortified tall oil rosin paper sizes |
US3024124A (en) * | 1957-11-29 | 1962-03-06 | Martin Marietta Corp | Stabilizing salts for multicolor lacquers |
US3277072A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1966-10-04 | West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co | Fluid rosin |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1929115A (en) * | 1929-11-29 | 1933-10-03 | Edward J Johnstone | Sizing composition for paper or the like |
US2017866A (en) * | 1930-05-03 | 1935-10-22 | Columbia Naval Stores Company | Process for improving rosin |
US2074192A (en) * | 1930-05-20 | 1937-03-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | High melting point rosin and method for its production |
US2684300A (en) * | 1948-05-13 | 1954-07-20 | Monsanto Chemicals | Sizing paper and product |
US2730511A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1956-01-10 | Gen Mills Inc | Phenol-formaldehyde resins esterified with higher unsaturated fatty acids and dimerized rosin |
US2771464A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1956-11-20 | American Cyanamid Co | Novel sizing agents for paper |
US2791578A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1957-05-07 | American Cyanamid Co | Novel paper sizing agents |
-
1956
- 1956-09-14 US US609802A patent/US2872315A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1929115A (en) * | 1929-11-29 | 1933-10-03 | Edward J Johnstone | Sizing composition for paper or the like |
US2017866A (en) * | 1930-05-03 | 1935-10-22 | Columbia Naval Stores Company | Process for improving rosin |
US2074192A (en) * | 1930-05-20 | 1937-03-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | High melting point rosin and method for its production |
US2684300A (en) * | 1948-05-13 | 1954-07-20 | Monsanto Chemicals | Sizing paper and product |
US2771464A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1956-11-20 | American Cyanamid Co | Novel sizing agents for paper |
US2791578A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1957-05-07 | American Cyanamid Co | Novel paper sizing agents |
US2730511A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1956-01-10 | Gen Mills Inc | Phenol-formaldehyde resins esterified with higher unsaturated fatty acids and dimerized rosin |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3024124A (en) * | 1957-11-29 | 1962-03-06 | Martin Marietta Corp | Stabilizing salts for multicolor lacquers |
US2994635A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1961-08-01 | Monsanto Chemicals | Fortified tall oil rosin paper sizes |
US3277072A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1966-10-04 | West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co | Fluid rosin |
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