US2872179A - Device for use in making nodular cast iron - Google Patents
Device for use in making nodular cast iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2872179A US2872179A US635725A US63572557A US2872179A US 2872179 A US2872179 A US 2872179A US 635725 A US635725 A US 635725A US 63572557 A US63572557 A US 63572557A US 2872179 A US2872179 A US 2872179A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- tube
- cast iron
- nodular cast
- billet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical class [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12222—Shaped configuration for melting [e.g., package, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12729—Group IIA metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
Definitions
- This invention relates to the introduction of a volatilisable metal into molten iron or steel especially for the purpose of producing nodular cast iron.
- nodular cast iron has until fairly recently, been mainly carried out by treatment with magnesium in the form of a nickel-magnesium alloy. This is added to the normal ladles, the dilution with nickel being required to enable the magnesium to sink to the bottom of the ladle where it volatilises and passes through the iron. This process is expensive since the nickel content of the hardener is usually 70-80% and the magnesium efiiciency (i. e. the portion of the magnesium which is used effectively) may be only about 30%, the balance being mainly lost by oxidation of magnesium vapour which is ejected from the molten iron.
- the magnesium is plunged below the surface of the molten iron which is held in a sealed ladle, thus preventing the loss of magnesium to the atmosphere.
- Magnesium recoveries are about 40-60%, the major saving in cost being avoidance of nickel consumption.
- the device includes a specially shaped ladle above which is suspended a refractory coated plunger incorporating a sealing plate and a heavy weight to maintain the pressure generated by the vapourised magnesium. At the bottom of the plunger is attached a steel canister into which is packed loose pieces of pure magnesium.
- the ladle In operation the ladle is filled with molten iron and the plunger lowered into this until the sealing plate closes the top of the ladle.
- the joint between sealing plate and ladle has to be specially prepared using some form of sealing compound, and some little time, say up to 30 seconds, may be required to accomplish this. It is therefore essential that the magnesium should not commence to volatilise before this joint is completed.
- a solid magnesium billet containing a projecting steel rod has been used. This billet is first coated with refractory to provide the necessary delay before volatilisation and the billet is then attached to the plunger by threading the steel rod into a screw at the end of the plunger.
- a method of producing nodular cast iron comprises introducing a readily volatilisable metal into molten iron by means of a plunger comprising a billet of metal consisting of or containing the volatilisable metal having its top and sides sheathed in iron or steel, the plunger being mounted on a holder.
- the base of the billet may be coated with reatent O 2,872,179 Patented Feb. 3, 1959 fractory.
- the billet may be pure magnesium or an alloy e. g. a magnesium alloy containing aluminium or rare earth metals, or may be rare earth metals alone. Additional means may be provided to hold the billet in position within the steel sheath, to prevent solid metal from leaving the sheath during the period in which this is immersed in the iron.
- a plunger made in accordance with the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying diagrammatic drawing wherein 10 shows a mild steel tube having one end closed by a plate 11 welded thereon.
- the plate 11 has a stud 13 welded to it.
- a threaded bolt 14 passes through the stud 13 and is disposed in the tube and carries a washer 15 in the tube.
- the volatilisable metal 12 is cast into the tube around the bolt 14 and washer 15.
- the metal 12 is thus in the form of a billet and is sheathed at its sides by the tube 10 and at its top by the plate 11.
- the unsheathed lower end 16 of the billet may be coated with a refractory material.
- the washer 15 serves as a means of anchoring the magnesium and other anchorage means may be provided attached to the stud and/or to the sheathing.
- the end 16 can if desired be also covered by a welded on steel plate.
- the upper end of the stud 16 is threaded for attach ment to a rod or handle.
- the refractory may be applied for example by coating the exposed magnesium with a synthetic resin and dipping it in sand.
- a device for use in making nodular cast iron comprising a plunger in the form of a tube of ferrous metal having its lower end open and its upper end enclosed, said tube containing a billet of solid metal readily volatilizable in molten iron and suitable for treatment of iron, the tube having a rod extending through said closed upper end, the upper end of said rod being attached to a holder, the lower portion of said rod having means, rigidly attached thereto, embedded in said billet of solid metal to anchor the same within said tube.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Feb. 3, 1959 P. A. FISHER 2,872,179
DEVICE FOR USE IN MAKING NODULAR CAST IRON Filed Jan. 25, 1957 wvvvvvvv Inventor DEVICE FQR USE IN MAKING NODULAR CAST IRON Philip A. Fisher, Manchester, England, assignor t Magnesium Elektron Limited, Manchester, England Application January 23, 1957, Serial No. 635,725
Claims priority, application Great Britain January 23, 1956 3 Claims. (Cl. 26634) This invention relates to the introduction of a volatilisable metal into molten iron or steel especially for the purpose of producing nodular cast iron.
The production of nodular cast iron, has until fairly recently, been mainly carried out by treatment with magnesium in the form of a nickel-magnesium alloy. This is added to the normal ladles, the dilution with nickel being required to enable the magnesium to sink to the bottom of the ladle where it volatilises and passes through the iron. This process is expensive since the nickel content of the hardener is usually 70-80% and the magnesium efiiciency (i. e. the portion of the magnesium which is used effectively) may be only about 30%, the balance being mainly lost by oxidation of magnesium vapour which is ejected from the molten iron.
Recently a number of devices have been developed to permit the use of pure magnesium and one of these is known as a pressure ladle apparatus. In this device the magnesium is plunged below the surface of the molten iron which is held in a sealed ladle, thus preventing the loss of magnesium to the atmosphere. Magnesium recoveries are about 40-60%, the major saving in cost being avoidance of nickel consumption. In its original form the device includes a specially shaped ladle above which is suspended a refractory coated plunger incorporating a sealing plate and a heavy weight to maintain the pressure generated by the vapourised magnesium. At the bottom of the plunger is attached a steel canister into which is packed loose pieces of pure magnesium. In operation the ladle is filled with molten iron and the plunger lowered into this until the sealing plate closes the top of the ladle. For each operation the joint between sealing plate and ladle has to be specially prepared using some form of sealing compound, and some little time, say up to 30 seconds, may be required to accomplish this. It is therefore essential that the magnesium should not commence to volatilise before this joint is completed.
As a further development, a solid magnesium billet containing a projecting steel rod has been used. This billet is first coated with refractory to provide the necessary delay before volatilisation and the billet is then attached to the plunger by threading the steel rod into a screw at the end of the plunger.
According to the present invention a method of producing nodular cast iron comprises introducing a readily volatilisable metal into molten iron by means of a plunger comprising a billet of metal consisting of or containing the volatilisable metal having its top and sides sheathed in iron or steel, the plunger being mounted on a holder. The base of the billet may be coated with reatent O 2,872,179 Patented Feb. 3, 1959 fractory. The billet may be pure magnesium or an alloy e. g. a magnesium alloy containing aluminium or rare earth metals, or may be rare earth metals alone. Additional means may be provided to hold the billet in position within the steel sheath, to prevent solid metal from leaving the sheath during the period in which this is immersed in the iron.
A plunger made in accordance with the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying diagrammatic drawing wherein 10 shows a mild steel tube having one end closed by a plate 11 welded thereon. The plate 11 has a stud 13 welded to it. A threaded bolt 14 passes through the stud 13 and is disposed in the tube and carries a washer 15 in the tube. The volatilisable metal 12 is cast into the tube around the bolt 14 and washer 15. The metal 12 is thus in the form of a billet and is sheathed at its sides by the tube 10 and at its top by the plate 11. The unsheathed lower end 16 of the billet may be coated with a refractory material.
The washer 15 serves as a means of anchoring the magnesium and other anchorage means may be provided attached to the stud and/or to the sheathing.
The end 16 can if desired be also covered by a welded on steel plate.
The upper end of the stud 16 is threaded for attach ment to a rod or handle.
The invention offers the following advantages:
(1) The magnesium or the like tends to volatilise from the open end only whereby the magnesium vapour travels by the longest path through the cast iron, thereby giving the greatest possibility of satisfactory reaction.
(2) The exposed area of magnesium, which may be coated with refractory, is minimised, whereby the device is safer in operation than the use of a billet in which the whole surface is so coated.
(3) In the event of premature volatilisation any explosion which might result is directed downwards thus minimising the risk of accident.
The refractory may be applied for example by coating the exposed magnesium with a synthetic resin and dipping it in sand.
I claim:
1. A device for use in making nodular cast iron, comprising a plunger in the form of a tube of ferrous metal having its lower end open and its upper end enclosed, said tube containing a billet of solid metal readily volatilizable in molten iron and suitable for treatment of iron, the tube having a rod extending through said closed upper end, the upper end of said rod being attached to a holder, the lower portion of said rod having means, rigidly attached thereto, embedded in said billet of solid metal to anchor the same within said tube.
2. A device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said solid metal is magnesium.
3. A device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solid metal adjacent the lower end of the tube is coated with a refractory material.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,896,201 Sterner-Rainer Feb. 7, 1933 2,485,760 Millis et al. Oct. 25, 1949 2,662,008 Stone Dec. 8, 1953 2,726,152 Eash Dec. 6, 1955
Claims (1)
1. A DEVICE FOR USE IN MAKING NODULAR CAST IRON, COMPRISING A PLONGER IN THE FORM OF A TUBE OF FERROUS METAL HAVING ITS LOWER END OPEN AND ITS UPPER END ENCLOSED, SAID TUBE CONTAINING A BRILLET OF SOLID METAL READILY VOLATILIZABLE IN MOLTEN IRON AND SUITABLE FOR TREATMENT OF IRON, THE TUBE HAVING A ROD EXTENDING THROUGH SAID CLOSED UPPER END, THE UPPER END OF SAID ROD BEING ATTACHED TO A HOLDER, THE LOWER PORTION OF SAID ROD HAVING MEANS, IGIDLY ATTACHED THERETO, EMBEDDED IN SAID BILLET OF SOLID METAL TO ANCHOR THE SAME WITHIN SAID TUBE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2872179X | 1956-01-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2872179A true US2872179A (en) | 1959-02-03 |
Family
ID=10916911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US635725A Expired - Lifetime US2872179A (en) | 1956-01-23 | 1957-01-23 | Device for use in making nodular cast iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2872179A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3017267A (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1962-01-16 | Ford Motor Co | Nodular iron manufacture |
| US3809380A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1974-05-07 | Metallurg Exoproducts Corp | Apparatus for ladle additions |
| US3854939A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-12-17 | American Magnesium Co | Method for inoculating molten metal with an inoculating material |
| US3921700A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1975-11-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Composite metal article containing additive agents and method of adding same to molten metal |
| US4022444A (en) * | 1975-08-25 | 1977-05-10 | Reactive Metals & Alloys Corporation | Apparatus for adding mischmetal to molten steel |
| US4047556A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1977-09-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Continuous casting method |
| US4162349A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1979-07-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Fabrication of Co-Cr-Al-Y feed stock |
| US4204666A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1980-05-27 | Ford Motor Company | In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium |
| US4245691A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1981-01-20 | Ford Motor Company | In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium |
| EP0424604A1 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-02 | MINKON SAMPLER-TECHNIK GmbH | Plunger bell for treatment of melts |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1896201A (en) * | 1931-01-17 | 1933-02-07 | American Lurgi Corp | Process of separating oxides and gases from molten aluminum and aluminium alloys |
| US2485760A (en) * | 1947-03-22 | 1949-10-25 | Int Nickel Co | Cast ferrous alloy |
| US2662008A (en) * | 1950-08-17 | 1953-12-08 | United States Steel Corp | Device for progressively releasing a reagent in a bath of molten metal |
| US2726152A (en) * | 1953-02-11 | 1955-12-06 | Int Nickel Co | Addition agent and method for treating cast iron |
-
1957
- 1957-01-23 US US635725A patent/US2872179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1896201A (en) * | 1931-01-17 | 1933-02-07 | American Lurgi Corp | Process of separating oxides and gases from molten aluminum and aluminium alloys |
| US2485760A (en) * | 1947-03-22 | 1949-10-25 | Int Nickel Co | Cast ferrous alloy |
| US2662008A (en) * | 1950-08-17 | 1953-12-08 | United States Steel Corp | Device for progressively releasing a reagent in a bath of molten metal |
| US2726152A (en) * | 1953-02-11 | 1955-12-06 | Int Nickel Co | Addition agent and method for treating cast iron |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3017267A (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1962-01-16 | Ford Motor Co | Nodular iron manufacture |
| US3854939A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-12-17 | American Magnesium Co | Method for inoculating molten metal with an inoculating material |
| US3809380A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1974-05-07 | Metallurg Exoproducts Corp | Apparatus for ladle additions |
| US4047556A (en) * | 1974-05-01 | 1977-09-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Continuous casting method |
| US3921700A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1975-11-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Composite metal article containing additive agents and method of adding same to molten metal |
| US4022444A (en) * | 1975-08-25 | 1977-05-10 | Reactive Metals & Alloys Corporation | Apparatus for adding mischmetal to molten steel |
| US4162349A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1979-07-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Fabrication of Co-Cr-Al-Y feed stock |
| US4204666A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1980-05-27 | Ford Motor Company | In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium |
| US4245691A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1981-01-20 | Ford Motor Company | In situ furnace metal desulfurization/nodularization by high purity magnesium |
| EP0424604A1 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-05-02 | MINKON SAMPLER-TECHNIK GmbH | Plunger bell for treatment of melts |
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