US2870074A - Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine - Google Patents
Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2870074A US2870074A US517090A US51709055A US2870074A US 2870074 A US2870074 A US 2870074A US 517090 A US517090 A US 517090A US 51709055 A US51709055 A US 51709055A US 2870074 A US2870074 A US 2870074A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- anode
- chloride brine
- metal chloride
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NDYMQOUYJJXCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorophenyl)-morpholin-4-ylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)N1CCOCC1 NDYMQOUYJJXCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
- C25B11/044—Impregnation of carbon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B2700/00—Treating of textile materials, e.g. bleaching, dyeing, mercerising, impregnating, washing; Fulling of fabrics
- D06B2700/36—Devices or methods for dyeing, washing or bleaching not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in electrolytic cells, and more particularly is concerned with the treatment of carbon electrodes for use in chlorine-alkali type electrolytic cells.
- a further object of this invention is the provision of new and improved carbon electrodes for use in electrolytic cells.
- alkali metal silicate as used in the specification and claims, is intended to include various'of the alkali metal silicates, e. g., silicates of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, and cesium. It will, of course,
- a carbon electrode whether or not subjected to various conventional pretreatments, such as pitch impregnation and/or graphitizing, is impregnated with an alkali metal silicate, preferably in the form of a solution, and the thus-treated electrode subsequently heated to remove the solvent, diluent, or carrier for the silicate and/or to effect any desired dehydration of the silicate.
- alkali metal silicates are themselves liquids, and in .such cases the necessity for subsequent heat treatment is minimized, although in many cases some heat treatment prior to use is advantageous.
- Anodes produced in the foregoing manner may th n advantageously be im regnated with an alkali metal silicate in accordance with this invention.
- the anode prior to impregnation with an alkali metal silicate the anode may be graphitized', i. e., the carbon crystal structure converted to the g'raphitic crystal structure by heating one or more times to a temperature in the ran e from 4l505000 F. At times, either a baked anode or graohitized anode can be further treated with itch when it is desired further to improve the anode density and strength.
- impregnation of a carbon electrode with an alkali metal silicate can be accomplished in any conventional way, as by placing the electrode under vac.- uum and immersing the anodes while under vacuum into the impregnant.
- EXAMPLE I Part A into an autoclave is introduced an untreated carbon block anode and a vacuum of 28" mercury is applied for 15 minutes to remove contained air. There is 'then intrcduced into the autoclave at a temperature of 160 F. sodium silicate (Na SiO having a specific g'ravity'at 160 F. of 1.38 (1.40 (rh 78 F.). After all of thesilicate is introduced, 60 p. s. i. pressure is applied for one hour whi e the autoclave temperature is maintained at aoproxir ately F. The pressure is then released and the silicate-impregnated block is removed and the surfacecoat'ing removed.
- sodium silicate Na SiO having a specific g'ravity'at 160 F. of 1.38 (1.40 (rh 78 F.
- liquid alkali metal silicate compositions may include the use of various types of alkali metal silicate compositions.
- various liquid alkali metal silicates can be used, although it is generally desirable to employ the less viscous liquid silicates.
- liquid sodium silicate having a specific gravity within the range from about 1.381 to 1.73 or 40.0 to 61.0 B.
- These liquid products generally have an alkali-silica ratio of less thanone, a typical alkalizsilica ratio being 1Na O:2.6-3.22 silica.
- a dry or gran ular alkali metal silicate e. g., materials such as sodium metasilicate in either anhydrous or hydrated form, such as the pentahydrate, supersilicate, an orthosilicate or mixtures thereof, which can be dissolved or dispersed in water or other liquid diluent or carrier.
- the amount of the alkali metal silicate to be retained by the carbon electrode can be varied. However, it generally is desirable to provide about 5% to 15% by weight of the silicate in the carbon electrode pores, a preferred amount ranging from about 8-14%, e. 3., 13.1%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL91298D NL91298C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1955-06-21 | ||
| NL208205D NL208205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1955-06-21 | ||
| US517090A US2870074A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine |
| GB18819/56A GB813515A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1956-06-18 | Improvements in or relating to carbon electrodes |
| FR1154242D FR1154242A (fr) | 1955-06-21 | 1956-06-20 | Perfectionnements apportés au traitement des électrodes de carbone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US517090A US2870074A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2870074A true US2870074A (en) | 1959-01-20 |
Family
ID=24058315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US517090A Expired - Lifetime US2870074A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2870074A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1154242A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB813515A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (2) | NL91298C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4647353A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1987-03-03 | Mccready David | Cathodic protection system |
| US4855027A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1989-08-08 | Mccready David F | Carbosil anodes |
| US4921588A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1990-05-01 | Mccready David F | Cathodic protection using carbosil anodes |
| US5167785A (en) * | 1989-10-07 | 1992-12-01 | Mccready David F | Thin electrodes |
| US6409895B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2002-06-25 | Alcavis International, Inc. | Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US680441A (en) * | 1900-07-19 | 1901-08-13 | American Alkali Company | Electrode for electrolytic cells. |
| US882169A (en) * | 1901-09-20 | 1908-03-17 | Marcus Ruthenburg | Electrode. |
| US1000761A (en) * | 1910-09-06 | 1911-08-15 | Nat Carbon Co | Process of applying protecting-glaze to carbon electrodes. |
| US1729343A (en) * | 1929-09-24 | Assiqnob | ||
| US2074885A (en) * | 1934-09-17 | 1937-03-23 | Great Western Electro Chemical Co | Carbon body |
| US2680081A (en) * | 1950-09-14 | 1954-06-01 | Rolls Royce | Silicate impregnation of porous castings |
| US2756201A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1956-07-24 | Bayer Ag | Electrolysis of chloride solutions and cell therefor |
-
0
- NL NL208205D patent/NL208205A/xx unknown
- NL NL91298D patent/NL91298C/xx active
-
1955
- 1955-06-21 US US517090A patent/US2870074A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1956
- 1956-06-18 GB GB18819/56A patent/GB813515A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-06-20 FR FR1154242D patent/FR1154242A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1729343A (en) * | 1929-09-24 | Assiqnob | ||
| US680441A (en) * | 1900-07-19 | 1901-08-13 | American Alkali Company | Electrode for electrolytic cells. |
| US882169A (en) * | 1901-09-20 | 1908-03-17 | Marcus Ruthenburg | Electrode. |
| US1000761A (en) * | 1910-09-06 | 1911-08-15 | Nat Carbon Co | Process of applying protecting-glaze to carbon electrodes. |
| US2074885A (en) * | 1934-09-17 | 1937-03-23 | Great Western Electro Chemical Co | Carbon body |
| US2756201A (en) * | 1950-02-06 | 1956-07-24 | Bayer Ag | Electrolysis of chloride solutions and cell therefor |
| US2680081A (en) * | 1950-09-14 | 1954-06-01 | Rolls Royce | Silicate impregnation of porous castings |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4647353A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1987-03-03 | Mccready David | Cathodic protection system |
| WO1987004191A1 (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1987-07-16 | Mccready David F | Cathodic protection system |
| US4855027A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1989-08-08 | Mccready David F | Carbosil anodes |
| US4921588A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1990-05-01 | Mccready David F | Cathodic protection using carbosil anodes |
| US5167785A (en) * | 1989-10-07 | 1992-12-01 | Mccready David F | Thin electrodes |
| US6409895B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2002-06-25 | Alcavis International, Inc. | Electrolytic cell and method for electrolysis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB813515A (en) | 1959-05-21 |
| NL91298C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| FR1154242A (fr) | 1958-04-03 |
| NL208205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2368306A (en) | Method of treating electrodes | |
| US1861625A (en) | Method of producing rare metals by electrolysis | |
| US2870074A (en) | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine | |
| US3580824A (en) | Impregnated graphite | |
| US3653967A (en) | Positive electrode for use in nickel cadmium cells and the method for producing same and products utilizing same | |
| US2597964A (en) | Fluid impervious carbon article and method of making same | |
| US3022244A (en) | Electrolytic alkali-chlorine diaphragm cell | |
| US2780593A (en) | Production of metallic titanium | |
| US3459652A (en) | Paraffin-active carbon electrode | |
| US2597963A (en) | Fluid impervious carbon article and method of making same | |
| US2881100A (en) | Method of impregnating a carbon electrode with a drying oil | |
| US3046216A (en) | Impregnated carbonaceous electrode and method of making the same | |
| US1899064A (en) | Manufacture of electrodes | |
| US2556830A (en) | Graphite anode | |
| US3375132A (en) | Process for impregnating a carbon electrolytic anode and article | |
| DE2413055A1 (de) | Silikatbeschichtetes diaphragma aus asbest fuer elektrolytische zellen | |
| JPH0576556B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | ||
| US2693445A (en) | Electrolytic method for production of fluorine | |
| US1942791A (en) | Electrode for secondary cells | |
| US2406935A (en) | Preparation of fusions containing magnesium chloride | |
| US1927661A (en) | Process for treating electrodes | |
| US2866769A (en) | Process for making a mat composed of aluminum silicate fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene | |
| US4592883A (en) | Process for treating molded, porous carbon article | |
| US1538390A (en) | Treatment of alkali-metal amalgams, especially for the production of alkali metals | |
| US1888118A (en) | Production of fluorine |