US286503A - Process of and apparatus for treating rags for paper-stock - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet. 1.

0.?.TAYL0R- PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS POR TRBATING BAGS POR PAPER STOCK.

Pxnted 001;. 9. 188s.

(No Model.) V 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

- G. F. TAYLOR.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS EUR TRBATING BAGS POR PAPER STCK No. "286,5(33. Patented Oct, 9, 1883.

s 'MIA l i WITNESSBS: A y INVBNTOR *Wm Y Y Q 75m/@hu ATTORNEY 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No ModeL) C. P. TAYLOR. VA,

- PROCESSOF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING BAGS POB. PAPER STCK.

No. 286,503. Patented Oct. 9. 17883.'

xW/ W -lligllf WITNESSES i HPVNTOR,

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4..

G. P. TAYLOR. PROCESS OP AND AAPPARATUS POR TRBATING RAGS FOR PAPER STOCK.

No. 286,503. Patented Oct. 9, 1883.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

um 0 L Y A mi P PROGESS UP AND APPARATUS POR TREATING RAGS POR PAPER STOCK.

Patented Oct. 9, 1883.

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UNITED STATES PATENT E- EICEa CHARLES E. TArLon,` or SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS;

PROCESS 0F AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING RAGS FOR PAPER-STOCK.

SPECIFICA'IION'v forming part of Letters Patent No. 286,503, dated October 9, 1883.

y Application led March 17, 1883. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. TAYLOR., of Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new andusefulImprovements in Processes of and Apparatus for Feeding, Cutting, Dressing, Cleaning, and Treating Rags for Paper Manufacture, of which the following is a specification. s

Heretofore rags for paper-stock have been stripped-z'. e., cut 'or torn into lstrips-by hand. This method of stripping is objectionable, because slow and expensive. Gross-cutting-fi. e., cutting 'the strips into small pieceshas heretofore been accomplised both by hand and by machinery, the cross-cutting for the ner grades `of paper being done by hand and for the coarser grades by machinery. lThe machinery heretofore used, however, has not been adapted to cut the materials with asufiicient degree of regularity, and after being eut the stock has not been reduced to the uniform size which is most desirable in the various manipulations to which it is afterward subjected, and the present construction of these cross-cutting machinesis such that, however carefully they may be operated, a product of uniform size cannot be.

obtained therefrom. Attempts have been made to strip and cross-cut without an intermediate handling by connecting two machines. -Wit-h this arrangement, however, it has been necessary to reduce-the rags first by hand to a size adapted for the machine, and n'o positive means of conveying the strips from one cutter to the other has been provided; but the material has been deposited upon an apron, and conveyed by it to a chute through which they pass, and are deposited upon a second apron, which conveys them to the second cutter. The manner in pwhich the rags are thus presented to the second cutter depends upon chance, and they area-s liable to be out in one direction as another. This defect is found in every machine heretofore made-t'. e., it has been necessary to first prepare the rags by hand cutting or stripping for the machine, and the feed has not been positive and has not been within the control of the operator,

either as to the manner of present-ing the Inaterial to the cutting device, or as to regulating mately uniform size; and, further, to provide i a machine which shall both strip and cross-` cut the stock at one operation-that is to say, with but one handling; and, further, to provide a means of removing foreign matter from .the rags at the same handling as when cut, and, further, to accomplish the results desired, as hereinafter set out.

My invention consists in the method or process of treating the rags whereby the desired result is attained, and in the steps requisite to perform the severa-l operations.

It further consists in the feeding mechan- Ism.

It further consists in the means adapted to produce the desired result, and, further, it consists in the construction and arrangement of the parts whereby the obj ects of my invention are attained.

4 vIn the accompanying drawings, in which' similar letters of reference indicate like parts, a machine is illustrated which is adapted to perform the several operations.

Figure 1 is a side view of the machine with the pulleys and gears removed, disclosing the portions of the machine which operate upon the rags.4 Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view: Figs. 4, -5, and 6 are detail views of the rotary cutters. Eig. 7 is a sectional view of the sieve. Fig. 8 is a top view of the sectional beater-bars. Fig. 9 is a side viewof the feeding device, with parts in section, and Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are detail views of the parts of the feedingdevice. c' i represent pressure-rolls, which are also adapted to act as feed-rolls.

c represents a revolving blade, adapted to cut the rags in strips. b b represent rotary cutters or shears in gangs, adapted to make a` shearing cut. c represents a beater adapted to beat or pound the material against the beater-bar e as it is fed to it by the feed-roll'd.

The operation of the machine will be readily understood on referring to the drawin gs. The

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45 by a spring.

rags being fed upon the apron in are carried in the direction indicated by the arrow, and are fed to the pressure-rolls 13, which are adapted to crush any hard substance. These rolls also 5 act as feed-rolls, holding and feeding the material to the cutter a, which, revolving as in.- dicated, carries the material against the fixed knife t, thus separating the rags into narrow strips. This operation istermed stripping 1o It will readily be seen that by changing the I 5 strips the rags fall to the apron f, which, moving in the direction indicated, carry the rags to the knives b, where they are cut in a direction across the out of the first knife. It will be observed that the first knife cuts the mate- *l 2o rial in a direction parallel with the axis of the revolving knife, and that the strips, falling as cut, are deposited lying in the same direction upon the apron f, and are thus by a positive feed carried and delivered to the rotary cut- 2 5 ters b,where the strips are separated into short pieces.

The size to which the material is cut by the first knife may be varied by varying the feed,` or by varying the rapidity of the revolution 3o ofthe cutter c, and the size to which the material is cut by the cutters Z is varied by varying the distance of separation of the blades. The size to which the stock is reduced may therefore be easily controlled by the operative. 3 5 To do away with the objection whichmight exist of the knives b wearing unevenly, I revolve one set a trifle faster than the other,thus distributing` the wear over the whole surface of thev cutting-faces.

4o To assist in the feed of the rotary cutters, I

corrugate the edge, as shown in Fig. 6, of either one or both sets of cutters.

The beater-bar is made in sections, as shown in Fig. 8, each section e being held in position Thus, if a thick piece or bunch of cloth pass through and force a portion of the bar from the heater, the other portions are not affected. The sieve has a vibratory mo- Y tion, and is provided with ilails x, which lie 5o loosely upon the bottom of the sieve, being N4lieiiv'iii place by cords z, or other like means. The rags, being fed in the sieve at its upper end, pass down the incline between the wire bottom and the flails. The rapid motion of the 55 sieve causes the flails to rise and fall, thus striking the material and pounding out the dust and foreign matter in: its passage through the sieve. .1"

The feeding device illustrated in Fig. 9 con- 6o sists of an endless belt provided with hooks or pins which project from the surface, and when the point of delivery is reached, retreat belowr the surface, thus completely freeing the rag. V

The rags are deposited in the hopper, and as 65 the pins pass upward through them they catch the cloth and draw it in the direction of the moving belt. yThis construction-i. e., a feed taking from the bottomis of material advantage in many respects. fClogging is avoided, as the pin, being loaded at the bottom and thus covered, passes through the mass without any addition. The tendency of the mass is to roll from the apron at the top and toward the apron at the bottom. The pressure of the rags in the hopper tends to hold the rag which is being drawn from the mass, thus materially aiding in opening and straightening out the knots and bunches in which the rags. are frcquently found. A roll, u, located at the bottom ef the hopper, revolves slowly toward the belt, thus keeping the throat filled.

I construct the pin as shown in Fig. 12, it

being pivoted to a frame, which frame is secured to the belt. The position occupied by the pin when out is shown in dotted lines, and when withdrawn in full lines. The rolls fr are grooved to permit the pins and boxes to pass, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. The .rolls r permit the pin to pass, while the roll risgrooved only sufficiently to allow the box to pass, the pin being held projecting. It will thus readily be seen that the projecting hooks will catch the rags on their passage kthrough the hopper, and will retain their hold until reaching the roll r at the top of the frame, where the pin is permitted to retreat, and the material, being released, is deposited upon a belt or feedrolls, as may be desired. The belt may be strained on the rolls, but I prefer to secure the links (shown in Fig. 14.) to the edges ofthe belt, and provide spur-wheels at each end of one or more of the rolls, which spurs will engage with the links and move the belt.

Heretofore the blades or cutters for cutting rags have either been made wholly of steel, or were provided with steel facing or cuttingedges. The objection to this construction is that the steel is carried away in fibers or threads. I substitute for steel a cutter made Wholly of charcoal-iron chilled. This gives a cutter of sufficient hardness, and the wear or loss is in the form of a very fine powder, leaving a sharp cutting-edge. To increase the capacity of the machine, I arrange a set of cutters at the opposite side of the frame, similar to the first set, and feed to the second cutters on an apron, as indicated in dotted lines.

The feed-rolls may be either smooth or roughened. I prefer to use rolls having roughened or corrugated surfaces, and provide a means to force them together for the purpose of crushing and breaking such foreign matter as may be loosened in this manner.

In this machine I use two sets of cutters of different construction, for the reason that the 'machinery that would' otherwise be required to turn the strips and present them in'properl manner to the crosscutters is avoided. A machine is th'us constructed having a direct and positive feed.

By showing various constructions, methods,

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and features, and failingto claim in this application all that may be protected by Letters Patent, I do not abandon the same, but intend to make such features the subject-matter of other applications.

It will readily be seen that the several operations maybe accomplished by separating the operative portions of the machine and causing them to be operated as separate machines, conveying the material by' proper means from one device or portion to the other, and that very many modifications may be made without departing from my invention. I do not therefore confine myself to the particular construction shown.

Having therefore described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A rag-cutting machine having two sets of cutters, one adapted to cut the rags across the cut of .the other, in combination with a means to feed the material to the first set and from the first to the second set.

2. A rag-cutting machine having two sets of cutters, one adapted to cut across the cut of the other, in combination with a positive feed, whereby the rags, after stripping, are conveyed. and presented to the second cutters in suoli manner that the second cut is' across the strippingcut.

3. The method of dressing1 rags for paperstock by inachiner f, consisting of first stripping the rags by passing between cutters, then cross-cutting the strips by passing between cutters.

4. The method of stripping` rags, consisting of passing them through a gan g of cutters.

Ina rag-cutting machine, a gang of rotary cutters or'shears adapted to strip the rags,

substantially as shown. l

(i. A rag-cutting machine having two sets of cutters, one adapted to strip and the other to crosse-ut the rags, in combination with a means to convey the rags from the first to the second cutter without turning the rags in the passage, substantially as shown.

7 A rag-cutting machine having one or more sets of stripping-cutters and. one or more seis of cross-cutters, and providedwith a means to convey the rags from the ,strippers to the cross-cutters, substantially as shown.

8. In a rag-cutting machine, a stripping de vice located above a feed-apron adapted to convey the strips to a cross-cutting device, substantially as shown.

9. A cutter, a, in combination with cutters I), and a means to convey the material from the first to the second cutter, substantially as shown. p

10. An improved cutter for cutting rags, constructed of chilled charcoal-iron, substantially as shown.

I 256.503 i v e 11. In a rag-cutting machine, two cutters running against each other, one of which runs `faster than the other, whereby the wear is evenly distributed.

12. In a rag-cutting machine, a rotary cutter having a toothed edge, substantially as shown.

13. In a rag-cutting machine, two sets of cutters, b, one or both of which is adapted to move, and is provided with a means to move the faces of one set of cutters against the faces of the other set, substantially as shown.

14. A rag-dressing machine having feedrolls adapted to loosen or crush hard substances, substantially as shown.

15. In a ragdressing machine, one ormore feed-rolls having a roughencd or corrugated surface adapted to feed and fold the rags, substantially as shown.

16. A feeding device having pins adapted to retreat at the point of delivery, substantially as shown.

17. The method of feeding rags, consisting of drawing them from the bottom of a mass, substantially as and for the reasons stated.

1S. A rag-feeding device having an apron provided with links, and having wheels provided with spurs adapted to engage with the links, substantially as shown.

19. A rag-feeding device having a hopper provided with a clearer, c, and a means to carry the rags from the hopper, substantially as shown.

20. rIhe combination of an endless belt provided with pins adapted to retreat below the surface at the point of delivery, and grooved rolls r, and a hopper, all constructed and operating substantially as shown.

21. In a rag-dressing machine, a` sectional beater-bar having a means to force the sections toward the beater, in combination with a beat er and a means to feed the rags to the point where operated upon, substantially as shown.

22. In a rag-cleaning machine, a sieve provided with flails, substantially as shown.

23. A rag dressing or cutting machine having rotary cutters whose axes are on approximately the same horizontal plane, whereby the material may-be dropped directly to the shearinger'lges, substantially as shown.

24. In a` rag-cutting machine, two sets of rotary cutters, l), of large diameter, whereby the shear angle is so reduced that the material will not be forced away fromthe cutti 11g-ed ges, substantially as shown.

CHARLES F. 'Il YLOR.

XVitnesses:

ALLEN lVnnsrnn, L. I. B'UNKER.

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