US2864025A - Infrared ray generating device - Google Patents

Infrared ray generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2864025A
US2864025A US376042A US37604253A US2864025A US 2864025 A US2864025 A US 2864025A US 376042 A US376042 A US 376042A US 37604253 A US37604253 A US 37604253A US 2864025 A US2864025 A US 2864025A
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United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
filament
conductors
wire
lead
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US376042A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alton G Foote
William F Hodge
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General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE544825D priority Critical patent/BE544825A/xx
Priority to NL104658D priority patent/NL104658C/xx
Priority to BE531354D priority patent/BE531354A/xx
Priority to NL190219D priority patent/NL190219A/xx
Priority to US376042A priority patent/US2864025A/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to ES0215229A priority patent/ES215229A1/es
Priority to FR1111556D priority patent/FR1111556A/fr
Priority to DEG15164A priority patent/DE1042785B/de
Priority to GB2430954A priority patent/GB754616A/en
Priority to US456674A priority patent/US2813327A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2864025A publication Critical patent/US2864025A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
    • H01K1/24—Mounts for lamps with connections at opposite ends, e.g. for tubular lamp
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
    • H01K1/20—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/38—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/08—Manufacture of mounts or stems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/08—Manufacture of mounts or stems
    • H01K3/10—Machines therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/033—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for wrapping or unwrapping wire connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53039—Means to assemble or disassemble with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • Y10T29/53061—Responsive to work or work-related machine element
    • Y10T29/53065—Responsive to work or work-related machine element with means to fasten by deformation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/5327—Means to fasten by deforming

Definitions

  • Our invention relates in general to infrared ray generators and more particularly to an electric device capable of transforming electric energy into heat energy and comprising a sealed envelope enclosing an electric energy translation element such as a filament.
  • graded seals such as employed in the prior constructed electric heating devices described above are a diflicult and cumbersome operation which complicates the manufacture of such devices to such an extent as to render high-speed production unfeasible.
  • graded seals are generally characterized by high internal stresses which render them readily subject to failure from thermal shock.
  • This relatively low thermal shock resistance of the graded seals at the opposite ends of the heating device consequently places a limitation on the temperature and therefore the input wattage at which the device can be operated without encountering failure from thermal shock.
  • the prior constructed electric heating devices described hereinbefore are characterized by relatively poor operating performance.
  • a large percentage of such devices amounting to as high as 90% in most cases, blacken to such an extent after a relatively short period of operation, e. g., around 1% of normal design life, as to render them unsuitable for further use not only because of the greatly increased absorption of heat by the blackened envelope such as might result in the softening and distortion thereof, but also because it results in the shifting of an appreciable portion of the radiated energy into undesirably long infrared wavelengths.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an electric heating device of the .character described which will Patented Dec. 9, 1958 remain practically free from blackening throughout its normal design life so as to possess good performance characteristics.
  • the lead-in conductors of an electric heating device of the general character described above are sealed through the quartz envelope of the device by a seal wherein the lead-in conductors are provided with extremely thin flattened ribbon or foil portions which are embedded in and sealed through the wall of the quartz envelope by fusing the surrounding quartz envelope wall and collapsing it firmly around the said foil or ribbon portions of the lead-in conductors.
  • the performance of electric heating devices of the character described is greatly improved by incorporating within the tubular envelope, at certain locations therein and in certain relations to the filament, one or more suitable getter elements or bodies which prevent blackening by absorbing deleterious gases.
  • the said getter bodies are constituted by the support elements employed to support the filament at intermediate points along its length.
  • Fig. l is an elevation of an electric infrared ray generating or heating device according to our invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section through one end of the device showing the lead-in wire seal thereat;
  • Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1 showing the filament and one of the supports therefor in detail;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a modified form of leadin conductor for the heating device of our invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary end elevation of a modified form of heating device according to the invention.
  • the infrared ray generator or heating device comprises an elongated tubular envelope 1 which may either be of clear crystal fused quartz or translucent sand fused quartz, or of a quartz-like glass such as that commercially known as Vycor and containing approximately 96% quartz. These materials may be referred to collectively as consisting essentially of fused silica.
  • the quartz tube or envelope 1 is of relatively small diameter, having in the illustrated embodiments, an inside diameter of about 7 to 8 rmn. and an outside diameter of about 9 to 10 mm., and it contains a filling of rare gas, such as argon, krypton or xenon at a pressure of around one atmosphere.
  • a single coiled filament 2 of tungsten or other refractory metal wire designed to operate at a temperature of from 2400 K. to 3000 K.
  • the filament 2 is connected at its opposite ends to lead-in conductors 3 sealed through flattened end press or seal portions 4 of the tubular envelope 1 to form gas-tight joints therewith.
  • the filament 2 may be connected to the lead-in conductors 3 in any suitable manner. However, where the inside coil diameter of the filament 2 is appreciably larger than the diameter of the inner end of the lead-in conductor or wire 3, the filament in such case is then preferably connected to the conductor 3 by the form of connection described and claimed in U. S.
  • Patent 2,449,679 Van Horn, dated September 21, 1948, and comprising a short coil of wire 5 tightly fitting around and elastically gripping the respective lead-in conductor 3 and screwed into the end of the coiled filament 2 so as to frictionally engage the coil turns thereof.
  • the connection of the filament to the conductor may be mad-e merely by forcing the conductor end into the end of the coiled filament so as to expand the coil turns thereof and cause them to elastically grip the conductor. To accomplish this, it may be necessary to fiatten the end of the conductor 3 to a width slightly greater than the inside coil diameter of the filament.
  • the filament 2 is initially placed under tension when it is mounted in the envelope 1 in order to compensate for its thermal expansion and insure that it remains in a straight line in the tubular envelope.
  • the elongated filament 2 is supported in place within the tubular envelope 1, at spaced points along its length, by a plurality of supplementary supports preferably in the form of flexible wire spirals 6 which are spaced along and suitably secured at their inner or small coiled ends to the filament, as by screw-thread engagement therewith.
  • the outer or large coiled ends of the wire spirals 6 have a diameter slightly less than the inside diameter of the tubular envelope 1 so as to permit easy insertion thereinto of the filament 2 and the wire coils 6 thereon while at the same time serving to elastically support the filament from the wall of the envelope so as to position it approximately centrally within the tubular envelope.
  • the lead-in conductors 3 are bent around the edge 7 of the end press portions 4 of the envelope and are suitably connected to flattened metal sleeve bases 9 which are clamped around the flat pinch seals or press portions 4 of the envelope.
  • the said bases 9 may be of the general type disclosed and claimed in co-pending U. S. application Serial No. 347,590, W. F. Hodge, filed April 8, 1953, now forfeited, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the seals between the envelope 1 and the lead-in conductors 3 are of a type which not only are simple and commercially feasible to make, but which also possess exceedingly high resistance to fracture by thermal shock.
  • the seals employed are of the so-called ribbon or foil type, each lead-in conductor 3 being provided with an extremely thin intermediate foliated or ribbon portion 10 around which the respective end of the quartz tube 1 is fused and compressed flat in the presence of an inert atmosphere to firmly embed the foil or ribbon portion it), as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the lead-in conductors 3 are formed of a highly refractory metal such as molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum, and they are preferably of the form disclosed and claimed in co-pending U. S.
  • the conductor comprises a single piece or length of molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum wire flattened throughout an intermediate portion of its length to a thickness of from .0005 to .(2010 inch by a longitudinal rolling operation which serves to produce a longitudinal crystal orientation throughout the flattened portion of the conductor.
  • the ribbon inlead or conductor may be of a modified type such as shown at 11 in Fig.
  • a thin strip of foil or ribbon 12 made of molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum, and corresponding to the foliated portion 10 of the conductor 3 in Fig. 2, is welded at its opposite ends to suitable lengths 13, 14 of thicker wire of molybdenum, tungsten or tantalum to form, in effect, a composite three-part lead-in conductor.
  • the getter means within the envelope 1 is constituted by the spiral wire supports 6 for the filament, the said wire spirals for such purpose being made of tantalum wire having a diameter of the order of from to mils, for instance.
  • tantalum getter means in the envelope 1, in the form of filament supporting elements distributed throughout the length of the tubular envelope and in contact with the filament 2, assures the presence in the the envelope of one or more getter bodies capable of envelope of a suflicient amount of getter surface area distributed throughout the envelope volume and heated to the necessary temperature conditions or range of temperatures during the operation of the device to effect the thorough gettering thereof such as is a necessary requisite to the prevention of blackening within the envelope.
  • tantalum filament supports 6 in the form of wire spirals as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, they may be of the modified form shown in Fig. 5 comprising tantalum discs 15 suitably mounted on the filament 2 at spaced points along its length.
  • the discs 15 may be formed with a central eyelet 16 through which the filament extends.
  • tantalum discs 17 may be mounted on the inner portions of the lead-in conductors 3 adjacent the ends of the filament 2.
  • the tantalum discs 17 may be provided with a central aperture through which the respective lead-in conductor is inserted, and they may be held in place on the conductors 3 by locking them between the filament ends and short tungsten coils 18 tightly fitted on the conductors.
  • Heating devices constructed in accordance with the invention are substantially heat shockproof and are able to withstand exceedingly high operating temperatures without failure thereof. For such reason, the heating device of our invention can be operated without trouble at wattage loadings, per unit surface area of the envelope, far higher than has been possible heretofore with heating devices of this general character.
  • our heating device is readily capable of operation at envelope wall loadings of at least 7 watts per square centimeter of envelope surface area and up to as high as 30 watts per square centimeter of envelope surface area. This range of envelope wall wattage loading is many times higher than that of any previously available electric heating device of this general character, and is even higher than that obtainable with electric heating elements of the sheathed resistor type such as those known as Calrod units.
  • the filament 2 is helically coiled by winding the tungsten wire of which it is formed around a mandrel. Since the tungsten wire employed for the filament customarily is of a type which is changed from a ductile to a non-ductile or non-sag condition by heating, the coiled filament 2, with its inserted mandrel, is then placed in an inert atmosphere, such as hydrogen, and heated to a temperature high enough to change the tungsten wire from ductile to a non-ductile condition.
  • the tantalum wire spiral supports 6 are then mounted in spaced relation on the coiled filament. This is preferably accomplished by forming the wire spirals 6 in situ on the filament 2. If desired, however, the wire spirals may be preformed and then assembled in place on the filament by screwing the small coil turns thereof over the coil turns of the filament.
  • the heat-treated non-ductile tungsten filament 2, with its wire spiral supports 6 in place thereon, is then ready to: mounting in the tubular envelope 1. This may be accomplished by first securing the lead-in conductors 3 to the ends of the coiled filament in the manner described above, i. e., by means of short wire coils 5 tightly fitted over the inner ends of the conductors 3 and screwed into the ends of the filament, or by forcing the ends of the conductors 3 into the ends of the filament, and then inserting the filament and conductor assembly into and passing it through the bore of the tubular envelope 1 until it is longitudinally positioned or centered therein.
  • the lead-in conductors 3 are then sealed into the opposite ends of the envelope 1 by passing a suitable reducing or non-oxidizing gas such as nitrogen through the envelope while the ends of the latter are heated and collapsed down onto the flattened ribbon or foliated portions of the conductors 3.
  • the collapsed ends of the envelope 1 are then pinched or flattened in the plane of the ribbon or foliated portions 10 of the conductors to complete the seals of the latter into the envelope.
  • sufiicient tension is initially applied to the filament during the sealing-in thereof by separating the lead-in conductors 3 before making the fused seals at the ends of the envelope.
  • the wire spirals 6 afford yielding support to the filament 2 to minimize the efiect of physical shocks.
  • the envelope is exhausted in the usual manner through a side exhaust tube thereon and filled with an inert gas such as argon at a pressure slightly below atmospheric, for example, around 600 to 700 mm. of mercury.
  • the exhaust tube is then sealed or tipped ofi in the customary manner to leave the exhaust tube tip 19.
  • the projecting outer ends of the conductors 3 are welded or otherwise secured to the bases 9 and the latter then secured in place on the press or flattened end portions 4 of the envelope in the manner described in the aforesaid co-pending U. S. application, Serial No. 347,- 590, of W. F. Hodge, now forfeited.
  • the filament 2 was designed to operate at a temperature of around 2600 K., at 236 volts and 1300 Watts, and it consisted of tungsten wire having a wire diameter of .00982 inch wound on a mandrel having a diameter of .026 inch at 75.7 turns per inch.
  • the quartz tube 1 had an outside diameter of approximately 10 mm., and an inside diameter of approximately 7.75 mm.
  • the lead-in conductors 3 were formed of molybdenum Wire having a wire diameter of approximately .022 inch and having intermediate flattened seal portions of around inch in length and .0007 inch in thickness formed by a longitudinal rolling operation producing a longitudinal crystal orientation therein, as described in the aforementioned co-pending Noel et al. application, Serial No. 244,818.
  • the connections of the lead-in conductors 3 to the filament 2 were made by slightly flattening the inner ends of the conductors 3 and forcing them into the ends of the filament so as to expand the end turns thereof to cause them to elastically grip the conductor ends.
  • the envelope 1 was filled with argon gas to a filling pressure of approximately 600 mm.
  • Electric heating devices such as described hereinabove are easily constructed, are mechanically rugged, will withstand tremendous thermal shock without failure, and will operate with substantially complete freedom from blackening throughout their entire design life. Also, because of their comparatively low heat capacity, they attain their operating temperature very rapidly upon energization, and produce a major proportion of their radiation in the near or shortwavelength infrared region of the spectrum which radiation is best suited for heating purposes because of its deeper penetration power. Such heating devices, moreover, will operate with no difliculty whatever at envelope wall wattage loadings greater than 7 watts per square centimeter of envelope surface area and far higher than that heretofore obtainable with prior type electric heating devices of this general character.
  • An infrared ray generating device of incandescible filament type comprising a hermetically sealed tubular envelope of small diameter of the order of 10 millimeters and consisting essentially of fused silica, lead-in conductors sealed through the opposite ends of said envelope and having foliated portions of a highly refractory metal hermetically sealed and embedded directly in compressed integral end portions of the envelope, a coiled filament of bare tungsten wire extending longitudinally through said envelope in spaced relation to the inner Wall thereof and connected at its ends to said conductors, and a plurality of combined filament support and getter members of tantalum engaging the filament at spaced points therealong and engageable with the inner wall of the envelope and supporting the filament in spaced relation thereto, the filament being of a diameter and length to be heated to a temperature in the range of 24003000 K. at design voltage and the envelope diameter and filament size being correlated to provide a wall wattage loading in excess of about 7 watts per square centimeter of envelope surface area.
  • An infrared ray generating device of incandescible filament type comprising a hermetically sealed tubular envelope consisting essentially of fused silica, lead-in conductors sealed through the opposite ends of said envelope and having foliated portions of a highly refractory metal hermetically sealed and embedded directly in compressed integral end portions of the envelope, a coiled filament of bare tungsten wire extending longitudinally through said envelope in spaced relation to the inner wall thereof and connected at its ends to said conductors, and a plurality of disc-like combined filament support and getter members of tantalum engaging the filament at spaced points therealong and engageable with the inner wall of the envelope and supporting the filament in spaced relation thereto, the envelope having an outside diameter of the order of ten millimeters, and the filament being of a diameter and length to be heated to a temperature in the range of 2400-3000 K. at design voltage and being correlated with the envelope diameter to provide a wall wattage loading in excess of about 7 watts per square centimeter of
  • An infrared ray generating device comprising a hermetically sealed tubular envelope of small diameter of the order of 10 millimeters and consisting essentially of fused silica, lead-in conductors sealed through the opposite ends of said envelope, said conductors each comprising a wire of a highly refractory metal provided with an intermediate flattened seal portion having a thickness between .0005 and .0010 inch and a longitudinal crystal orientation, the flattened seal portions of said conductors being hermetically sealed and embedded directly in compressed integral end portions of the envelope, a coiled tungsten filament extending longitudinally through said envelope in spaced relation to the inner wall thereof and connected at its ends to said conductors, and a plurality of tantalum support members engaging the filament at spaced points therealong and engageable with the inner wall of the envelope and supporting the filament in spaced relation thereto.
  • An infrared ray generating device comprising a hermetically sealed tubular envelope of small diameter of the order of 10 millimeters and consisting essentially of fused silica, a coiled tungsten filament extending longitudinally through said envelope in spaced relation to the inner wall thereof, a plurality of tantalum discs engaging the filament at spaced points therealong and engageable with the inner Wall of the envelope and supporting the filament in spaced relation thereto, and leadin conductors sealed through the opposite ends of said envelope and connected to the ends of said filament, said conductors each comprising a Wire of a highly refractory metal provided with an intermediate flattened seal portion having a thickness between .0005 and .0010 inch and a longitudinal crystal orientation, the flattened seal portions of said conductors being hermetically sealed and embedded directly in compressed integral end portions of the envelope.
  • An infrared ray generating device comprising a hermetically sealed tubular envelope of small diameter of the order of 10 millimeters and consisting essentially of fused silica, a coiled tungsten filament extending longitudinally through said envelope in spaced relation to the inner i'il wall thereof, a plurality of tantalum wire spirals engaging the filament at spaced points therealong and engageable with the inner wall of the envelope and supporting the filament in spaced relation thereto, said wire spirals having around two to three small coil turns in screwthreaded engagement with the coil turns of the filament, and lead-in conductors sealed through the opposite ends of said envelope and connected to the ends of said filament, said conductors each comprising a Wire of a highly refractory metal provided with an intermediate flattened seal portion having a thickness between .0005 and .0010 inch and a longitudinal crystal orientation, the flattened seal portions of said conductors being hermetically sealed and embedded directly in compressed integral end portions of the envelope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
US376042A 1953-08-24 1953-08-24 Infrared ray generating device Expired - Lifetime US2864025A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE531354D BE531354A (de) 1953-08-24
NL190219D NL190219A (de) 1953-08-24
BE544825D BE544825A (de) 1953-08-24
NL104658D NL104658C (de) 1953-08-24
US376042A US2864025A (en) 1953-08-24 1953-08-24 Infrared ray generating device
ES0215229A ES215229A1 (es) 1953-08-24 1954-05-08 Un dispositivo generador de rayos infrarrojos
FR1111556D FR1111556A (fr) 1953-08-24 1954-08-12 Appareil générateur de rayons infra-rouges
DEG15164A DE1042785B (de) 1953-08-24 1954-08-20 Infrarotstrahlenerzeuger
GB2430954A GB754616A (en) 1953-08-24 1954-08-20 Improved infrared ray generating device
US456674A US2813327A (en) 1953-08-24 1954-09-17 Apparatus for and method of forming and mounting supports on coiled filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US376042A US2864025A (en) 1953-08-24 1953-08-24 Infrared ray generating device
US456674A US2813327A (en) 1953-08-24 1954-09-17 Apparatus for and method of forming and mounting supports on coiled filaments

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US2864025A true US2864025A (en) 1958-12-09

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US456674A Expired - Lifetime US2813327A (en) 1953-08-24 1954-09-17 Apparatus for and method of forming and mounting supports on coiled filaments

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Cited By (25)

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US3040204A (en) * 1960-03-04 1962-06-19 Donald J Belknap Microminiature incandescent lamp
US3168670A (en) * 1961-03-23 1965-02-02 Gen Electric Filament supports for electric incandescent lamps
US3189778A (en) * 1962-01-29 1965-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lamp filament connection
US3223875A (en) * 1958-12-13 1965-12-14 Eggers Reinhold Electric heating tube in which enlarged convolutions of filament coil act as filament supports
US3250941A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-05-10 Gen Electric Discharge lamp manufacture
US3265923A (en) * 1963-03-19 1966-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Baseless double-ended electric incandescent lamp
US3323855A (en) * 1963-01-24 1967-06-06 Philips Corp Method of providing tubular lamps
US3416024A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-12-10 Gen Electric Differential output incandescent lamp
US3415978A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-12-10 Gen Motors Corp Infrared surface cooking unit
US3717783A (en) * 1969-02-21 1973-02-20 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp comprising an internal fuse
US3904909A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-09-09 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Pinch-sealed electric lamps
US4103277A (en) * 1976-12-17 1978-07-25 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Ceramic enveloped electrical heating element
JPS53106085U (de) * 1977-01-18 1978-08-25
US4598194A (en) * 1983-03-24 1986-07-01 Thorn Emi Plc Quartz infra-red lamps
US4952838A (en) * 1989-01-11 1990-08-28 Precision Lamp, Inc. Surface mount miniature incandescent lamp assembly
US5157758A (en) * 1989-11-18 1992-10-20 Thorn Emi Plc Tungsten halogen lamp
US5382805A (en) * 1993-11-01 1995-01-17 Fannon; Mark G. Double wall infrared emitter
US6057532A (en) * 1993-05-21 2000-05-02 Ea Tech Ltd Infra-red radiation sources
US6399955B1 (en) 1999-02-19 2002-06-04 Mark G. Fannon Selective electromagnetic wavelength conversion device
US20100054719A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Filament lamp and light irradiation heat treatment device
US20110091189A1 (en) * 2009-10-20 2011-04-21 Timothy Scott Shaffer Broiler for cooking appliances
WO2011154093A1 (de) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-15 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Strahler mit quarzglaskolben und stromdurchführung
US20140355971A1 (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 Osram Sylvania Inc. Infrared Heat Lamp Assembly
US20160167258A1 (en) * 2013-07-04 2016-06-16 Sidel Participations Heating module comprising a lamp and a lens fastened by a brace to a non-emissive portion of the lamp
US20200402678A1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-24 Oregon State University Resistance heater rod and method of making

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117363A (en) * 1960-10-21 1964-01-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of and apparatus for inserting a support into a coil

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