US2859189A - Textile size - Google Patents
Textile size Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2859189A US2859189A US465444A US46544454A US2859189A US 2859189 A US2859189 A US 2859189A US 465444 A US465444 A US 465444A US 46544454 A US46544454 A US 46544454A US 2859189 A US2859189 A US 2859189A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- vinyl acetate
- yarns
- crotonic acid
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to the permanent sizing of textile Warp yarns. More particularly the invention relates to the permanent sizing of cellulosic filament .yarns with copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid.
- the cans are hot enough to provide adequate and efiicient drying the adhesion of the treated yarns to the drying cans is great enough so that many of the filaments in the yarn break. These broken filaments result in flufi balls which impede the weaving operation, and leave defects on the face of the cloth. If the temperature of the cans is reduced to prevent this breakage, then proper drying of the sized yarns is difiicult to obtain.
- One object of this invention is to provide a new permanent sizing composition for cellulosic filament yarns.
- the cans are heated at temperatures of l-200 F., 200 F., 200 F., 200 F., and 160 F. respectively; As the Wet yarns pass around the heated cans, there is substantially no adhesion of the yarn to the can surface and no evidence is seen of filament breakage.
- the yarn so treated is woven as a warp yarn with an unsized filler yarn, fabrics are produced'which do not water spot and which may be subjected to mild laundering or dry cleaning without substantial removal of the sizing.
- Example III Prepare a clear solution of 8 parts of a copolymer of 95 mol percent vinyl acetate and 5 mol percentof crotonic acid and 0.2 part of stearic acid in 92 parts of'aqueous ammonia containing about 5 parts of ammonia.
- a further object is to modify sizing compositions consisting of ammonium salts of vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymers to prevent sticking to the drying cans in the slashing operation.
- Another object is to modify ammonium salts of copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid so that they may be used as permanent sizes for cellulosic filament yarns without destroying the beneficial properties of said copolymer salts.
- an aqueous sizing medium containing an ammonium. salt of a vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer and a small amount of stearic acid or other fatty acid containing 12-20 carbon atoms.
- Example 1 Prepare a sizing composition by dissolving 8 parts of a copolymer of 97 mol percent of vinyl acetate and 3 0.1 mol, the amount of crotonic acid present in said coremove the yarn from the can and there is substantially no evidence of broken filaments. Fabrics woven from this yarn do not water spot and may be printed without a removal of the size therefrom.
- the copolymers which are operative in this invention are copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid in which the vinyl acetate constitutes 99 mol percent of the copolymer and conversely the crotonic acid constitutes 5-1 mol percent of the copolymer. These copolymers are soluble in aqueous alkaline media and "are present therein in the form of their salts.
- the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are not efiicient sizing agents and their use gives rise to many difliculties.
- the ammonium salts are excellent sizing agents which after application to the yarns followed by drying are not affected by water in the absence of alkali. It is the ammom'um salts which are the operative sizing agents of this invention.
- Patented Nov. 4, 1958' Thefattyacids containing12-2O carbon atoms are suitable to obtain the improved processing conditions of this invention. Even the closely related alkali metal salts of the acids a're not suitable-to give the desired; results; The amount of acid should be from about0 .5% to about 3% by weight based on the Weight ofthe copolymer.
- acids which may be used are lauric, palmitic, margaric, oleic, stearic, myristic, etc. acids and mixtures thereof.
- the sizing solutions of this invention are best prepared by dissolving the copolymer and the acid in a dilute solution of ammonia'in water, the amount of ammonia used being iniexcess of the amount required to form the salt of the'copolymer and as has previously been shown from a molar standpoint in the exemplary materials, see in particular ExampleiI, the excessforms the ammonia salts of the fatty acid as Well.
- the solutions should contain'from 110% byweight of the copolymer.
- compositionsof this invention are useful for thev sizingof cellulosic filamentary yarns such as cellulose acetate yarns and regenerated cellulose yarns. Since the size is a permanent size it is particularly useful for the treatment of colored yarns'with the result that the fabrics salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid and from 0.53.0% by weight of an ammonium salt of a fatty acid containing from 1220 carbon atoms based on the weight of the copolymer, the copolymer contain-' stearic acid present in an amount equal to 1.2% by weight i of the copolymer.
- Cellulosic filamentary yarns sized with an ammonium salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid and from 0.53.0% by Weight of an ammonium salt of a fatty acid containing from l220 carbon atoms based on the weight of the copolymer, said copolymercontaining 95-99 mol percent of vinyl acetate and 5 to 1 mol.
- tate content is 97 mol percent'and the crotonic acid is 3 mol percent of the copolymer and the acid is stearic acid in an amount equal to 1.2% by weight of the copolymer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
United States Patent TEXTILE SIZE John R. Fallon and Scott H. Foster, Springfield, Mass., assignors to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware.
No Drawing. Application October 28, 1954 Serial No. 465,444
Claims. (Cl. 260-23) This invention relates to the permanent sizing of textile Warp yarns. More particularly the invention relates to the permanent sizing of cellulosic filament .yarns with copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid.
It has long been a problem in the preparation of loom finished fabrics to find a permanent size which can be applied in the slashing operation prior to weaving. The problem has been most nearly solved by the development of ammonium salts of certain copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid as sizing agents. These salts can be applied from aqueous solutions to give a permanent size on' the yarns'which is resistant to water-spotting and which overcomes many of the other defects inherent in most permanent sizing materials. However, in the use of these salts in the conventional slashing operations, difficulty is experienced at the drying cans. If the cans are hot enough to provide adequate and efiicient drying the adhesion of the treated yarns to the drying cans is great enough so that many of the filaments in the yarn break. These broken filaments result in flufi balls which impede the weaving operation, and leave defects on the face of the cloth. If the temperature of the cans is reduced to prevent this breakage, then proper drying of the sized yarns is difiicult to obtain.
One object of this invention is to provide a new permanent sizing composition for cellulosic filament yarns.
2 formed in solution. Charge the resulting solution to a size box of a slasher. j r
Example 11 1.
. beam. The cans are heated at temperatures of l-200 F., 200 F., 200 F., 200 F., and 160 F. respectively; As the Wet yarns pass around the heated cans, there is substantially no adhesion of the yarn to the can surface and no evidence is seen of filament breakage. When the yarn so treated is woven as a warp yarn with an unsized filler yarn, fabrics are produced'which do not water spot and which may be subjected to mild laundering or dry cleaning without substantial removal of the sizing.
When a similar cellulose acetate filament yarn is sized with an aqueous solution of the same ammonium salt of vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer without stearic acid modification, the wet yarn adheres to the heated cans to such an extent that considerable force is necessary to pull it therefrom. In the process of disengaging the wet yarn from the heated cans, numerous filament breaks are observed resulting in a yarn difiicult to weave.
Example III Prepare a clear solution of 8 parts of a copolymer of 95 mol percent vinyl acetate and 5 mol percentof crotonic acid and 0.2 part of stearic acid in 92 parts of'aqueous ammonia containing about 5 parts of ammonia. Con:
. sidered on a molar basis the amount of copolymer is about A further object is to modify sizing compositions consisting of ammonium salts of vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymers to prevent sticking to the drying cans in the slashing operation.
Another object is to modify ammonium salts of copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid so that they may be used as permanent sizes for cellulosic filament yarns without destroying the beneficial properties of said copolymer salts.
These and other objects are attained by preparing an aqueous sizing medium containing an ammonium. salt of a vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer and a small amount of stearic acid or other fatty acid containing 12-20 carbon atoms.
The following examples are given in illustration and are not intended as limitations on the scope of this invention. Where parts are mentioned they are parts by weight.
Example 1 Prepare a sizing composition by dissolving 8 parts of a copolymer of 97 mol percent of vinyl acetate and 3 0.1 mol, the amount of crotonic acid present in said coremove the yarn from the can and there is substantially no evidence of broken filaments. Fabrics woven from this yarn do not water spot and may be printed without a removal of the size therefrom.
Attempts to obtain similar results by adding alkali metal salts of stearic acid to the copolymer salt solution, failed due to excessive foaming in the slasher bath and also due to increased sensitivity to water spotting. The use of less soluble stearates such as calcium or zinc stearate resulted in curds in the slasher bath, only a partial alleviation of the filament breakage problem and uneven appli cation of the size to the yarns.
The copolymers which are operative in this invention are copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid in which the vinyl acetate constitutes 99 mol percent of the copolymer and conversely the crotonic acid constitutes 5-1 mol percent of the copolymer. These copolymers are soluble in aqueous alkaline media and "are present therein in the form of their salts. The alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts are not efiicient sizing agents and their use gives rise to many difliculties. However, the ammonium salts are excellent sizing agents which after application to the yarns followed by drying are not affected by water in the absence of alkali. It is the ammom'um salts which are the operative sizing agents of this invention.
Patented Nov. 4, 1958' Thefattyacids containing12-2O carbon atoms are suitable to obtain the improved processing conditions of this invention. Even the closely related alkali metal salts of the acids a're not suitable-to give the desired; results; The amount of acid should be from about0 .5% to about 3% by weight based on the Weight ofthe copolymer. Among the acids which may be used are lauric, palmitic, margaric, oleic, stearic, myristic, etc. acids and mixtures thereof. The sizing solutions of this invention are best prepared by dissolving the copolymer and the acid in a dilute solution of ammonia'in water, the amount of ammonia used being iniexcess of the amount required to form the salt of the'copolymer and as has previously been shown from a molar standpoint in the exemplary materials, see in particular ExampleiI, the excessforms the ammonia salts of the fatty acid as Well. In general the solutions should contain'from 110% byweight of the copolymer.
The compositionsof this invention are useful for thev sizingof cellulosic filamentary yarns such as cellulose acetate yarns and regenerated cellulose yarns. Since the size is a permanent size it is particularly useful for the treatment of colored yarns'with the result that the fabrics salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid and from 0.53.0% by weight of an ammonium salt of a fatty acid containing from 1220 carbon atoms based on the weight of the copolymer, the copolymer contain-' stearic acid present in an amount equal to 1.2% by weight i of the copolymer.
4. Cellulosic filamentary yarns sized with an ammonium salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid and from 0.53.0% by Weight of an ammonium salt of a fatty acid containing from l220 carbon atoms based on the weight of the copolymer, said copolymercontaining 95-99 mol percent of vinyl acetate and 5 to 1 mol.
percent of crotonic acid.
5. A sized yarn as in claim 4 wherein the vinyl ace-.-
tate content is 97 mol percent'and the crotonic acid is 3 mol percent of the copolymer and the acid is stearic acid in an amount equal to 1.2% by weight of the copolymer.
Wilson Nov. 6, 1956
Claims (1)
1. A COMPOSITION FOR SIZING CELLULOSE FILAMENTARY YARNS COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS AMMONIUM SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM SALT OF A COPOLYMER OF VINYL ACETATE AND CROTONIC ACID AND FROM 0.503.0% BY WEIGHT OF AN AMMONIUM SALT OF A FATTY ACID CONTAINING FROM 12-20 CARBON ATOMS BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE COPOLYMER, THE COPOLYMER CONTAINING FROM 95-99 MOL PERCENT OF VINYL ACETATE AND 5-1 MOL PERCENT OF CROTONIC ACID.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US465444A US2859189A (en) | 1954-10-28 | 1954-10-28 | Textile size |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US465444A US2859189A (en) | 1954-10-28 | 1954-10-28 | Textile size |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2859189A true US2859189A (en) | 1958-11-04 |
Family
ID=23847841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US465444A Expired - Lifetime US2859189A (en) | 1954-10-28 | 1954-10-28 | Textile size |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2859189A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3013997A (en) * | 1957-08-19 | 1961-12-19 | Myron A Coler | Alkanol amine carboxylic acid reaction product and resins destaticized therewith |
| FR2064114A1 (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1971-07-16 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Warp lubricant for water-jet looms |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1807755A (en) * | 1924-06-27 | 1931-06-02 | And their | |
| US2263598A (en) * | 1937-04-30 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Interpolymerization product of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid |
| US2317725A (en) * | 1938-09-24 | 1943-04-27 | Billig Kurt | Coating agent |
| US2532400A (en) * | 1948-12-08 | 1950-12-05 | Celanese Corp | Sizing compositions |
| US2666038A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1954-01-12 | American Viscose Corp | Textile-finishing compositions, finished articles, and methods of producing them |
| US2676938A (en) * | 1952-01-31 | 1954-04-27 | Du Pont | Solutions comprising an ammonium salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid dissolved in a mixture of water and an alcohol |
| US2769711A (en) * | 1952-05-14 | 1956-11-06 | American Cyanamid Co | Deposition of tacky impregnating agents on cellulosic fibers |
-
1954
- 1954-10-28 US US465444A patent/US2859189A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1807755A (en) * | 1924-06-27 | 1931-06-02 | And their | |
| US2263598A (en) * | 1937-04-30 | 1941-11-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Interpolymerization product of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid |
| US2317725A (en) * | 1938-09-24 | 1943-04-27 | Billig Kurt | Coating agent |
| US2532400A (en) * | 1948-12-08 | 1950-12-05 | Celanese Corp | Sizing compositions |
| US2666038A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1954-01-12 | American Viscose Corp | Textile-finishing compositions, finished articles, and methods of producing them |
| US2676938A (en) * | 1952-01-31 | 1954-04-27 | Du Pont | Solutions comprising an ammonium salt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid dissolved in a mixture of water and an alcohol |
| US2769711A (en) * | 1952-05-14 | 1956-11-06 | American Cyanamid Co | Deposition of tacky impregnating agents on cellulosic fibers |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3013997A (en) * | 1957-08-19 | 1961-12-19 | Myron A Coler | Alkanol amine carboxylic acid reaction product and resins destaticized therewith |
| FR2064114A1 (en) * | 1969-10-02 | 1971-07-16 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Warp lubricant for water-jet looms |
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