US2857549A - Electron velocity modulation tubes - Google Patents

Electron velocity modulation tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2857549A
US2857549A US369805A US36980553A US2857549A US 2857549 A US2857549 A US 2857549A US 369805 A US369805 A US 369805A US 36980553 A US36980553 A US 36980553A US 2857549 A US2857549 A US 2857549A
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Prior art keywords
resonator
secured
electron
resonators
drift tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US369805A
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English (en)
Inventor
Beck Arnold Hugh William
Cutting Alan Butler
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/11—Extended interaction klystrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron velocity modulation tubes, and in particular to a novel construction of klystron amplifier tube.
  • an electron beam is projected across an input resonator so as to be velocity modulated by the electromagnetic field therein; the beam continues through a drift space in which the electrons become bunched and is then projected across an output resonator in which the bunched beam delivers up kinetic energy of the electrons in generating in the output resonator an electromagnetic field of greater energy than that supplied to the input resonator.
  • the equivalent shunt resistance of the output resonator be as high as possible.
  • the shunt resistance is inversely proportional to the capacitance of the circuit, which, therefore, should be as low as possible.
  • the average transit time of an electron within the field be carefully chosen. In general a short transit time is desirable. This is achieved by allowing the electron beam to interact with the field at one or more short gaps whose boundaries of necessity contribute capacitance to the resonator.
  • the resonators are of re-entrant form, the inter-action gaps being formed between the re-entrant portions.
  • the resonators are of generally cylindrical form and a sectionalised drift tube, positioned on the axis of the resonator is provided with gaps in which the beam may inter-act with the resonator field. The capacitances of these gaps are thus in series with one another and hence the total capacitance due to the electron system may be kept quite small, so that a high equivalent shunt resistance is obtained.
  • a two-resonator klystron amplifier tube comprising: cylindrical input and output resonators positioned end to end along a common axis, a multi-sectioned drift tube extending the length of the said common axis, one of the drift tube sections communicating between the input and output resonators and the remainder of the sections intermediate the ends of the respective resonators being separated from one another by gaps; means for projecting a beam of electrons through the said drift tube, the said gaps between successive drift tube sections being of such length that the transit angles of an unmodulated electron of the said beam in each said gap is 211- radians; and respective coupling means for injecting electromagnetic wave energy into the input resonator and for extracting electromagnetic wave energy from the output resonator.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in part section, one view of a tube according to the present invention, the section being taken in the plane II of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 2 is a further sectional view taken through the plane ]1]I of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a view, in part section, looking towards the tube from the left of Fig. 1.
  • the two resonators of the embodiment shown in the drawings are formed as a single copper block whose wall is indicated at 1.
  • the block is sub-divided into two by a central transverse wall 2, which may be formed integrally with the cylindrical wall 1.
  • End plates 3 and 4 closing the ends of the cylinder, are bonded to the wall 1, by for example, a gold diffusion process.
  • a sectionalised dn'ft tube 5 extends along the common axis of the two resonators, one of the sections 6 being secured in a central aperture of the dividing wall 2.
  • the remaining drift tube sections are separated by inter-action gaps of such length that the transit angle of an unmodulated beam electron in each gap is 21r radians.
  • intermediate drift tube sections are supported at their medial planes by respective radial rods 7 and 8 (Fig. 3) secured in the wall 1.
  • the rods securing adjacent drift tube sections are located on opposite sides of the axis of the resonators, so as to reduce as much as possible the capacitance between drift tube sections.
  • four intermediate drift tube sections are used in each resonator, so providing five inter-action gaps in each resonator.
  • the rods may conveniently be made of copper plated tungsten so as to combine strength and rigidity.
  • a pair of cups of magnetic material, 9 and 10 are secured in central apertures of the respective end plates 3 and 4.
  • Cup 9 houses an electron gun, cup 10 an electron collector electrode.
  • These cups form pole pieces for a focusing magnet, not shown, which completes a focusing system of the kind described and claimed in an application of A. H. W. Beck, Serial No. 176,925, filed August 1, 1950.
  • Each cup has secured to it a sheet metal member 11 suitable for scaling to glass.
  • the cup 9 housing the electron gun is closed by a glass member 12 sealed to member 11, member 12 is carrying lead-out pins 13 for connection to an indirectly heated cathode 13 which is located in cup 9 by means of an insulating washer 15.
  • the collector cup is closed by a glass collar 16 and an end plate 17 sealed to the glass, the end plate carrying a copper collector electrode 18. Both cups 9 and 10 are shown provided with portions 19 which form continuations of the drift tube 5.
  • Input and output connections to the respective resonators are provided by means of sections of rectangular wave guide 20 and 21 which are let into the cylindrical resonator wall 1 and are secured by means of an outer metal cylinder 23 surrounding the resonator block between the end plates 3 and 4.
  • the wave guide sections 20 and 21 are terminated externally in a flange 24 by means of which the klystron amplifier may be coupled to further wave guide circuits.
  • a flange 24 Secured to the flange 24 are two tuned diaphragms 25 and 26 provided with glass windows 27 separating the evacuated portion of the apparatus from the outside atmosphere.
  • Tuning of the resonators is accomplished by means of tuning strips 28 whose sides are mounted in trunnions 29 free to rotate in the wall 1 of the resonator block parallel to the cylindrical axis thereof.
  • the ends of the strips 28 are provided with spring fingers 30 which contact the end surfaces of the respective resonators.
  • the strips 28 are attached to respective piston rods 31 and 32 projecting through the resonator wall 1 and surrounding cylinder 23.
  • This type of tuning mechanism forms the subject matter of U. S. Patent No. 2,737,631 granted March 6, 1956, on an application filed May 3, 1951.
  • the piston rods 31 and 32 are secured to the respective base members 33 and 34 of a pair of metal bellows 35 and 36.
  • the 'otherends'of the bellows 35 and 36 are secured to the outer ends of members23 asshown at 37, 38, 39, and 40.
  • Ducts 41 in the wall 1 and cylinder 23 are provided for evacuating the interior of the bellows.
  • the bellows and external tuning controls are supported between the top and bottom plates 3 and 4 of theresonators by means of the members 42 and 43.
  • the base member 34 of bellows 36 is secured to a cross piece 44, freeto slide in. guides 45 and 46 in the respective members 421and43, by means of a rod 47 directly bolted to the cross member and fixed to the base member 34.
  • the base member 33 of bellows 35 is provided with a rearwardly extending screwed rod 48 free to move axially in the cross member '44, the position of the base member 33 being 'adjustableby means of the knurled nut 49 which is located between channel walls of the cross member 44.
  • the cross member 44 carries a screwed rod 50 free to slide in a bushing 51 which is secured to an end plate 52 which, in turn, joins the ends of members 42 and 43.
  • the rod 50 is provided with a knurled nut 53 by means of which the cross member 44 may be moved along the guides 45 and 46 so providing axial movement of the base members 33 and 34 and hence simultaneous adjustment of the tuning strips 28. Adjustment of the nut 49 provides for differential tuning of the resonators.
  • a two-resonator klystron amplifier tube for operation over a given frequency band, comprising: cylindrical input and output resonators positioned end abutting end along a common axis; a multi-sectioned drift tube extending the length of the said common axis, one of the drift tube sections communicating between the input and output resonators and the remainder of the sections intermediate the ends of the respective resonators being separated from one another by gaps; means for projecting abeam of electrons through said drift tube, and respective coupling means for injecting electromagnetic wave energy into the input resonator and for extracting electromagnetic wave energy from the output resonator, the said gaps between successive drift tube sections being of such length that the transit angle of an unmodulated electron of the said beam in each said gap is 2w radians-at the midband of the operating frequency of said tube.
  • drift tube sections intermediate the ends of the respective resonators are each supported by a radial rod secured to the wall of the said resonator, alternate rods lying on opposite sides of the axis.
  • a n amplifier tube according to claim 1 said drift tube section, and a pair of end plates mechanically bonded to the resonator block; and in which cups of ferromagnetic material, 'forminglpole pieces for magnetic focusing of the electron beam, housing respectively an electron gun and a collector electrode, are secured in central apertures in the respective end plates.
  • An amplifier tube in which the said collector cup comprises a cylinder of ferromagnetic material closed at the end adjacent the resonator to which it is secured by a centrally apertured wall, an alloy sleeve sealing readily to glass secured to the said ferromagnetic member and to a glass collar, and a metal closure member forming a cap secured to the said glass collar and supporting an electron collector electrode centrally in the said cup.
  • each said resonator communicates through a port, respectively, to sections of rectangular wave guide secured in the said ports, each said wave guide section being hermetically sealed by means of a window of vitreous or ceramic material sealed to a tuned diaphragm mounted in the said wave guide section.
  • each said resonator comprises a tuning member extending from end to end of the resonator and short circuiting the end walls thereof, means being provided for adjusting the positions of the tuning members by respective piston rods passing through the resonator wall.
  • An amplifier tube according to claim 7 in which the said adjusting means comprises a pair of 'metal bellows, one secured adjustably and the other fixed to a cross member free to slide in guides in a pair of supporting members securedto the resonator block, and means for adjusting the base of one bellows with respect to the cross member and independent means for adjusting'the position of the said cross member with respect to the support members.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US369805A 1952-08-01 1953-07-23 Electron velocity modulation tubes Expired - Lifetime US2857549A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB316938X 1952-08-01

Publications (1)

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US2857549A true US2857549A (en) 1958-10-21

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US (1) US2857549A (nl)
BE (1) BE521847A (nl)
CH (1) CH316938A (nl)
GB (1) GB729766A (nl)
NL (1) NL180153B (nl)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963616A (en) * 1955-07-08 1960-12-06 Varian Associates Thermionic tube apparatus
DE1927420A1 (de) * 1968-06-21 1970-01-02 Varian Associates Abstimmbare Mehrkammer-Mikrowellen-Verstaerkerroehre
US3987332A (en) * 1975-10-09 1976-10-19 Varian Associates Gang tuner for multi-cavity klystron

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289952A (en) * 1940-11-28 1942-07-14 Rca Corp Electron gun
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2464349A (en) * 1943-05-27 1949-03-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic high-voltage generator discharge device
US2547061A (en) * 1945-12-17 1951-04-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiple gap velocity modulation tube
US2619611A (en) * 1951-05-29 1952-11-25 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289952A (en) * 1940-11-28 1942-07-14 Rca Corp Electron gun
US2455269A (en) * 1942-11-17 1948-11-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Velocity variation apparatus
US2464349A (en) * 1943-05-27 1949-03-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic high-voltage generator discharge device
US2547061A (en) * 1945-12-17 1951-04-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiple gap velocity modulation tube
US2619611A (en) * 1951-05-29 1952-11-25 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963616A (en) * 1955-07-08 1960-12-06 Varian Associates Thermionic tube apparatus
DE1927420A1 (de) * 1968-06-21 1970-01-02 Varian Associates Abstimmbare Mehrkammer-Mikrowellen-Verstaerkerroehre
US3987332A (en) * 1975-10-09 1976-10-19 Varian Associates Gang tuner for multi-cavity klystron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE521847A (nl)
NL180153B (nl)
CH316938A (de) 1956-10-31
GB729766A (en) 1955-05-11

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