US2856158A - Sampling apparatus - Google Patents
Sampling apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2856158A US2856158A US557949A US55794956A US2856158A US 2856158 A US2856158 A US 2856158A US 557949 A US557949 A US 557949A US 55794956 A US55794956 A US 55794956A US 2856158 A US2856158 A US 2856158A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- soil
- auger
- sampling
- depth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/44—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/02—Core bits
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to a sampling apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus for obtaining a bore hole sample as from geomicrobiological prospecting for subterranean deposits of petroleum or gas or for other resources in the surface of the earth.
- the usual depth for sampling has been two feet, which is sufficiently deep to avoid the effects of any surface disturbances resulting from farming activities such as plowing, yet sufiiciently close to the surface to avoid missing the bacteria using the heavier hydrocarbon gases.
- a working depth limit of four feet has been found as the level to which sufficient oxygen may penetrate to provide for microbiological growth.
- an object of the present invention to provide a novel apparatus by which an indicative soil sample may be obtained with the reasonable assurance that such is representative of the depth being sampled.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved sampling device by which a desired sample of soil at a specific depth may be obtained without the necessity of dividing it from a much larger segment.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved bore hole sampling apparatus which will reduce greatly the time required for field sampling.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the imice proved bore hole auger joined to a power take-off source
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the improved auger
- Fig. 3 is a cross section taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4 is a cross section taken along line 44 of Fig. 2.
- the present invention is directed to an apparatus by which a small sample of soil may be obtained at a selected depth while the remaining soil of the bore hole is discarded.
- the improved bore hole auger is disclosed generally at. 10, joined to an automatic power take-off assembly 20 such as a portable post hole digging apparatus, through the transmission 30.
- the auger 10 comprises a drill stem 11 with a sectionalized portion removed therefrom at 12. As shown, this portion may amount to as much as 50% of the central portion of the drill stem and is surrounded by a helical rib indicated at 13, which ends just beyond the cut out portion at each end of the drill stem 11.
- a cylindrical. portion at 14 which is adapted to contain the sample and is surrounded by an outwardly projecting cutting flange or edge indicated at 15. This cutting flange or edge substantially encircles the sample-holding portion and takes hold for cutting of the sample prior to the helical rib.
- a cylindrical portion 16 at the opposite end of the auger serves as a power receiving end, being joined to the transmission by appropriate means.
- An apparatus of the post hole auger type for core sampling comprising a cylindrical tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to a source of rotation, another end for retaining a core sample and a body portion therebetween having a side wall opening extending substantially from end to end and being substantially semi-cylindrical, said body portion on its outer surface supporting an uninterrupted helical rib which surrounds said opening and overlaps onto both ends, said end for retaining a core sample supporting an outwardly projecting cutting flange on its outer surface separate from said helical rib and limited in extent so as not to project beyond the bottom edge of the apparatus at the core sample retaining end, the opening in said body portion permitting disposal of that portion of the core in said apparatus beyond said retaining end.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Description
14, 1958 w. s. RICHARDSON ET AL 2,356,158
SAMPLING APPARATUS Filed.Jan. 9, 1956 United States Patent SAMPLING APPARATUS William S. Richardson and Julius L. Fisher, Houston, Tex., assignors to The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application January 9, 1956, Serial No. 557,949
1 Claim. (Cl. 255-72) This invention relates generally to a sampling apparatus and more particularly to an apparatus for obtaining a bore hole sample as from geomicrobiological prospecting for subterranean deposits of petroleum or gas or for other resources in the surface of the earth.
Among the methods used in prospecting for subterranean deposits of petroleum and gas is one based on the theory of the micro-seep of gaseous hydrocarbons from such deposits which escape gradually and diffuse upwardly into the surface soil. The detection and measurement of the gas content or related characteristics of such soil may indicate the presence of desired deposits below the surface. In the practice of this method, it is proposed to collect some soil samples from the prospect area and subject them to some type of processing to indicate qualitatively the presence or absence of hydrocarbons. In soil samples collected near oil fields, a biological oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons by the surface accumulation of microorganisms capable of such action has been noted.
In extracting these and other soil samples, care must be taken to insure that they are clean of surface dirt and other matter which may have been picked up during the operation, so that the sample at the desired depth maybe truly representative. The usual depth for sampling has been two feet, which is sufficiently deep to avoid the effects of any surface disturbances resulting from farming activities such as plowing, yet sufiiciently close to the surface to avoid missing the bacteria using the heavier hydrocarbon gases. A working depth limit of four feet has been found as the level to which sufficient oxygen may penetrate to provide for microbiological growth.
In the prior art sampling practice, it has been common to dig to the desired specific depth by means of a large size auger, extending up to 12 inches in diameter, in order to provide access to the hole by a shovel so that the soil sample could be obtained from the Wall of the hole at the depth desired. Since such practice is conducive to erroneous data because of contamination, it is highly desirable to obtain a minimum representative soil sample by direct penetration thereto.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel apparatus by which an indicative soil sample may be obtained with the reasonable assurance that such is representative of the depth being sampled.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved sampling device by which a desired sample of soil at a specific depth may be obtained without the necessity of dividing it from a much larger segment.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved bore hole sampling apparatus which will reduce greatly the time required for field sampling.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and claims when taken in conjunction with the attached drawing wherein:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the imice proved bore hole auger joined to a power take-off source;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the improved auger;
Fig. 3 is a cross section taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4 is a cross section taken along line 44 of Fig. 2.
In brief, the present invention is directed to an apparatus by which a small sample of soil may be obtained at a selected depth while the remaining soil of the bore hole is discarded.
With reference to the figures of the drawing, the improved bore hole auger is disclosed generally at. 10, joined to an automatic power take-off assembly 20 such as a portable post hole digging apparatus, through the transmission 30.
The auger 10 comprises a drill stem 11 with a sectionalized portion removed therefrom at 12. As shown, this portion may amount to as much as 50% of the central portion of the drill stem and is surrounded by a helical rib indicated at 13, which ends just beyond the cut out portion at each end of the drill stem 11. At the bottom of the auger 10, there is disclosed a cylindrical. portion at 14, which is adapted to contain the sample and is surrounded by an outwardly projecting cutting flange or edge indicated at 15. This cutting flange or edge substantially encircles the sample-holding portion and takes hold for cutting of the sample prior to the helical rib. A cylindrical portion 16 at the opposite end of the auger serves as a power receiving end, being joined to the transmission by appropriate means.
In the operation of this device, as the cutting edge 15 takes hold of the soil, the bottom edge of anger 10 indicated as 17, which may be shaped for easier penetration, is forced into the soil causing a core to be enclosed within the auger. As the helical rib 13 takes hold and the standard auger excavating action follows, the auger is progressively forced downwardly over the core. When the desired depth is reached, the anger is removed and that part of the core which is not totally enclosed within the auger falls or is knocked out leaving the desired amount as a soil sample held within the cylindrical portion 14. Although the extent of this portion 14 may be varied depending on the amount of sample desired for sampling purposes, the usual volume enclosed amounts to a pint.
The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as Well as in the details of the illustrated construction may be made, within the scope of the appended claim, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
We claim:
An apparatus of the post hole auger type for core sampling comprising a cylindrical tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to a source of rotation, another end for retaining a core sample and a body portion therebetween having a side wall opening extending substantially from end to end and being substantially semi-cylindrical, said body portion on its outer surface supporting an uninterrupted helical rib which surrounds said opening and overlaps onto both ends, said end for retaining a core sample supporting an outwardly projecting cutting flange on its outer surface separate from said helical rib and limited in extent so as not to project beyond the bottom edge of the apparatus at the core sample retaining end, the opening in said body portion permitting disposal of that portion of the core in said apparatus beyond said retaining end.
(References on following page) 3 4 References Cited in the file of this patent 1,867,024 Oliver July 12, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,506,474 Tildfin y 1950 2,514,585 Natland July 11, 1950 97,501 1869 2,701,121 Bull Feb. 1, 1955 623,506 Baker 1899 5 2,794,623 Stokes June 4, 1957 1,512,841 Gamble Oct. 21, 1924
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US557949A US2856158A (en) | 1956-01-09 | 1956-01-09 | Sampling apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US557949A US2856158A (en) | 1956-01-09 | 1956-01-09 | Sampling apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2856158A true US2856158A (en) | 1958-10-14 |
Family
ID=24227513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US557949A Expired - Lifetime US2856158A (en) | 1956-01-09 | 1956-01-09 | Sampling apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2856158A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3786641A (en) * | 1972-08-08 | 1974-01-22 | L Turzillo | Means for stabilizing structural layer overlying earth materials in situ |
US4212358A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1980-07-15 | Wisbrock Kenneth R | Posthole digging apparatus |
US4363366A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-12-14 | Keck Consulting Services, Inc. | Screened hollow stem auger for use in well drilling and testing process |
US4697649A (en) * | 1984-08-15 | 1987-10-06 | Utilitech, Incorporated | Portable apparatus for and method of pole reinforcement |
US10975624B2 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | Jc Bamford Excavators Limited | Materials handling vehicle |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US97501A (en) * | 1869-12-07 | Improved well-auger | ||
US623506A (en) * | 1899-04-25 | Willard d | ||
US1512841A (en) * | 1921-11-29 | 1924-10-21 | William F Greiner | Coal drill |
US1867024A (en) * | 1929-01-23 | 1932-07-12 | R M Combs | Core drill bit |
US2506474A (en) * | 1947-09-20 | 1950-05-02 | Carl V Tilden | Drill bit |
US2514585A (en) * | 1945-06-09 | 1950-07-11 | Lester Callahan | Method for drilling wells |
US2701121A (en) * | 1951-04-24 | 1955-02-01 | Almond D Bull | Automatic soil coring machine |
US2794623A (en) * | 1947-05-23 | 1957-06-04 | Termite Drills Inc | Bit |
-
1956
- 1956-01-09 US US557949A patent/US2856158A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US97501A (en) * | 1869-12-07 | Improved well-auger | ||
US623506A (en) * | 1899-04-25 | Willard d | ||
US1512841A (en) * | 1921-11-29 | 1924-10-21 | William F Greiner | Coal drill |
US1867024A (en) * | 1929-01-23 | 1932-07-12 | R M Combs | Core drill bit |
US2514585A (en) * | 1945-06-09 | 1950-07-11 | Lester Callahan | Method for drilling wells |
US2794623A (en) * | 1947-05-23 | 1957-06-04 | Termite Drills Inc | Bit |
US2506474A (en) * | 1947-09-20 | 1950-05-02 | Carl V Tilden | Drill bit |
US2701121A (en) * | 1951-04-24 | 1955-02-01 | Almond D Bull | Automatic soil coring machine |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3786641A (en) * | 1972-08-08 | 1974-01-22 | L Turzillo | Means for stabilizing structural layer overlying earth materials in situ |
US4212358A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1980-07-15 | Wisbrock Kenneth R | Posthole digging apparatus |
US4363366A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-12-14 | Keck Consulting Services, Inc. | Screened hollow stem auger for use in well drilling and testing process |
US4697649A (en) * | 1984-08-15 | 1987-10-06 | Utilitech, Incorporated | Portable apparatus for and method of pole reinforcement |
US10975624B2 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | Jc Bamford Excavators Limited | Materials handling vehicle |
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