US2852915A - Improvements in pressure exchanger scavenging - Google Patents

Improvements in pressure exchanger scavenging Download PDF

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Publication number
US2852915A
US2852915A US286847A US28684752A US2852915A US 2852915 A US2852915 A US 2852915A US 286847 A US286847 A US 286847A US 28684752 A US28684752 A US 28684752A US 2852915 A US2852915 A US 2852915A
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Prior art keywords
pressure
cell
cells
scavenging
gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US286847A
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English (en)
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Andre G T Boszormenyi
Jendrassik Clara
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JENDRASSIK DEVELOPMENTS Ltd
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JENDRASSIK DEVELOPMENTS Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/42—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with driven apparatus for immediate conversion of combustion gas pressure into pressure of fresh charge, e.g. with cell-type pressure exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/02—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using exhaust-gas pressure in a pressure exchanger to compress combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F13/00—Pressure exchangers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pressure exchangers of the kind comprising a ring of cells in which gas is compressed and expanded, ducting to lead gas to and from the cells, and means to effect relative rotation between ducting and cells, the operation of the pressure exchanger involving the existence of a low pressure zone in which scavenging takes place, and a high pressure zone in which scavenging may also take place if necessary.
  • 3y scavenging is meant the discharge and replacement of at least part of the gas content of a cell. This discharge and replacement may take place simultaneously, so that a continuous current of gas flows through the cells.
  • An object of the present invention is to avoid or reduce the waste of power involved in driving such blowing machinery and in general in effecting the scavenging.
  • the present invention provides a pressure exchanger comprising a ring of cells in which gas is compressed and expanded, ducting to lead gas to and from the cells, and means to effect relaiive rotation between cells and ducting, the operation of the pressure exchanger involving the existence of a low pressure zone in which scavenging takes place and 1-.
  • high pressure zone in which scavenging may also take place if necessary characterized in that the cells between the high pressure and low pressure zones are placed in communication with an extraneous source of gas at a pressure above the low pressure scavenging pressure, so that when the cells register with the low pressure zone they are already charged to a pressure sufficient to initiate and maintain the scavenging flow.
  • the gas from the extraneous source may be taken from a compressor. Alternatively it may form at least part of the useful gas output supplied by the pressure exchanger; thus, the gas may be bled from an intermediate stage of expansion of an expansion machine, a gas turbine, or a piston engine, supplied with working fluid by the pressure exchanger.
  • the extraneously supplied gas may represent the whole of the exhaust output of an expansion machine supplied with working fluid by the pressure exchanger, and this exhaust may represent the whole useful output of the pressure exchanger.
  • the extraneously supplied gas may from any source, extraneous to the pressure exchanger, of gas at a suitable pressure temperature.
  • gas from an extraneous source may be introduced by a plurality of ducts supplying gas at mutually different pressures.
  • Figure l is a circumferential development showing one embodiment according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a circumferential development of a second embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a system compris ng a pressure exchanger according to Figure 2 and a turbine supplied with working fluid by the pressure exchanger.
  • Figure 4 shows a modification of the embodiment of Figure l.
  • FIG. l the rotor 1 of the pressure exchanger is shown in circumferential development together with the associated non-rotary parts.
  • the rotor provides a ring of cells defined by radial partitions 1A.
  • movement of a cell from left to right, as shown by the or ow 2 represents the rotation of the rotor.
  • the stationary ducting concerned with high pressure scavenging of the cells comprises a combustion chamber 3, flame tube 3A, a duct 4 on the other side of the rotor, and ducting 5 which interconnects 3 and 4 to form a circuit in which gas flows in the direction shown 7y the arrows.
  • Liquid fuel is supplied by the pipe 6 and injected into the combustion chamber 3, where it is burnt.
  • the ducting concerned with low pressure scavenging consists of an inlet duct '7 supplying fresh gas (air in the present case) and an outlet duct 8 through which the exhaust gas from the cells is discharged e. g. to atmosphere.
  • Channels or pipes 9 are provided for the purpose of establishing communication between cells which have left the high pressure zone and cells which have left the low pressure zone so that by means of the pipes 9 there is an approximate equalization of pressure between the cells thus connected, involving a fall in the pressure of one cell of an interconnected pair and a rise of pressure in the other cell of that pair.
  • This equalization of pressure involves a flow of referred to for convenience as transfer gas) from the cell at if) to the cell at 19 by Way of the pipe 9 as indicated by the arrows.
  • the cell at 10 then advances to the position 11 in which by way of a further pipe 9 it is connected to a cell in the position 18, so that a further pressure exchange takes place resulting in the approximate equalization of the pressures in the cells at it and 13.
  • the cell at 11 then advances to the position 12 at which it is connected to another cell at 17 by a further pipe 9 so that the so-called pressure exchange occurs again.
  • a cell leaving the high pressure zone and approach- M) ing the low pressure zone 1 has its pressure lowered by three successive steps in moving, through the positions 1t), 11, 12, while on the other side of the machine a cell which has left the low pressure zone undergoes three successive steps of pressure. increase in moving through the positions 17, 18, 19.
  • the residual gas content ofthe cells is expelled as exhaust by a scavenging process and replaced by cool gas (air) and; the cells in continuing their motion have their pressureagain built up by steps in passing from 17 to 1.5.
  • the pressure exchanger is considered as an apparatus for supplying hot gas at high pressure for expansion in a turbine or other expansion prime moversueh as ,an expansion engine.
  • the supply of gas forthis purpose is withdrawn by way of the duct 20.
  • t is ,desirableto promote and maintain the necessary scavenging flow through theducts 7 and 8 and the cells e ster n With hem, W thQ lt; recourse to fans or blowers in the duets,7 on.-8, -except possibly when starting the machine.
  • a duct 21 is provided for theypurpose of establishing a connection with cells which have just left the-low pressure zone and introducing into them gas from an extraneous source at a pressure somewhat higher than that prevailing in the low pressure scayengingductsj, 1 8 or in the cell just severed from these ducts.
  • the duct,- 21 may be supplied With gas from n mechanicalcornpressoror otherwise, diagrammatically illustrated at, 23 and driven by a motor 50.
  • the pressure in duct 21 must always be higher than the pressure in the cell after severance of the cell from the scavenging ducts.
  • the effect of the gassupplied by the duct 21, will bethatthe pressure in the cells all around the rotor is stepped up. It may thus be possible to dispense with some of the pipes 9 and thus reduce the number of the, pressure exchangesinvolved in a complete rotation of the cell rotor.
  • the supply of extraneousgas may alternatively be taken frornan expansionenginqe. g., a turbine supplied with working fiuidby theduct (see Figure 3).
  • the communication between a cell and one of the extraneous gas ducts is of about the same duration as the time taken for such an impulse to return to the opening of the extraneous gas duct, after reflection from the other end of the cell.
  • Figure 4 shows a modification of Figure 1 in which, instead of introducing the extraneous gas through the ducts 21, 22, the extraneous gas is introduced into the cells beforethey have reached the low pressure zone,. by means of a duct 24 to which gas is supplied by the compressor 23.
  • the pressure of a cell in the position 13 is raised so that on reaching the position 14 the scavenging current may be initiated.
  • the cell at position 13 should preferably cease to communicate efiiectively with the pipes 9 before it begins to register with the duct 24.
  • the cell in the position 13 is; severed from effective communication with the duct 24 before that cell registers with the scavenging duct 8..
  • a duct may be in the position shown in Figure 1, while the duct 22 may be. located opposite, on the same side of the rotor as the duct 8.
  • FIG 2 this illustrates the type of pressure exchanger embodying two oppositely rotating substantially coaxial cell rotors, the arrangement being such that channels which are equivalent to the pipes 9 in Figure l establish communicationubetween the cells of, one rotor and the cells of the other. rotor.
  • the machine comprises twocontra-rotating rotors 25, 26 shown in circumferential development.
  • the arrangements for high pressure scavenging and combustion, and the abstraction of the usefulgas output are-substantially similar to Figure 1 and need not be described.
  • the rotors are scavenged in parallel at low'pressure by means of ducting 27, 28 associated with the rotor 25 and ducting 29, 30 associated with the rotor 26, the direction of the scavenging gas flow being indicated by the arrows.
  • the passages 31 form the equivalents of the pipes 9 in Figure 1 and serve to connect the cells of rotor 25 with those of rotor 26.
  • FIG 3 is a diagram of a pressure exchanger and a gas turbine arranged in combination according to the present invention.
  • the pressure exchanger which is indicated in external outline only, is substantially according to Figure 2 and comprises a pair of coaxial contra-rotating rotors 25, 26.
  • the rotors are scavenged in parallel at low pressure; the scavenging gas e. g. air at atmospheric pressure enters at 27, 29 and the exhaust products from the rotors emerge by way of a twin exhaust 28, 3d.
  • the scavenging gas e. g. air at atmospheric pressure enters at 27, 29 and the exhaust products from the rotors emerge by way of a twin exhaust 28, 3d.
  • On the high pressure scavenging side each rotor is associated with ducts 35, 36 having combustion chambers 37, 38 which function independently of each other.
  • the combustion chambers contain flame tubes 37A and 38A respectively, each with fuel supply pipes 6.
  • the supply of useful gas is taken off by a duct 39 and supplied to a multi-stage gas turbine 40 from which shaft power is taken.
  • the exhaust of this turbine is discharged mainly at 41, 'but a proportion of the working fluid is bled off at an intermediate stage of expansion by way of the pipe 42 which by way of further piping 43, 44 supplies the extraneous gas to rotors.
  • the pipe 43 is connected to the duct 32' ( Figures 2 and 3) and the pipe 44 to the duct 33. It is advantageous to cool the extraneous gas before introducing it into the ducts 32, 33 and therefore coolers are provided at 45 for this purpose.
  • Throttle valves 46 are also provided in the pipes 43, 46.
  • a pressure exchanger comprising a first and a second element mounted coaxially for relative rotation, said first element defining a series of open-ended cells extending therethrough, said second element including first inlet means to allow the introduction of a low pressure fluid into said cells, outlet means defining a low pressure scavenging zone to allow scavenging of low pressure fluid from said cells and a second inlet means circumferentially displaced from said first inlet means to allow the introduction of a high pressure fluid to said cells, said elements so connected that the pressure of the low pressure fluid is raised and the pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered in said cells during relative rotation of said elements, the improvement comprising further inlet means in said second element to introduce into a cell in the vicinity of said low pressure scavenging zone at a position where said cell is otherwise effectively closed, an extraneous fluid at a pressure in excess of the pressure prevailing in said low pressure scavenging zone.
  • a pressure exchanger comprising a first and a second element mounted coaxially for relative rotation, said first element defining a series of open-ended cells extending therethrough, said second element including first inlet means to allow the introduction of a low pressure fluid into said cells, outlet means defining a low pressure scavenging zone to allow scavenging of low pressure fluid from said cells and a second inlet means circumferentially displaced from said first inlet means to allow the introduction of a high pressure fluid to said cells, said elements so connected that the pressure of the low pressure fluid is raised and the pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered in said cells during relative rotation of said elements, the improvement comprising further inlet means in said second element to introduce into a cell before it is placed in communication with said low pres sure scavenging zone and at a position Where said cell is otherwise efiectively closed, an extraneous fluid at a pressure in excess of the pressure prevailing in said low pressure scavenging zone.
  • said first element defining a series of open-ended cells are tending therethrough
  • said second element including first inlet means to allow the introduction of a low pressure fluid into said cells, outlet means defining a low pressure scavenging zone to allow scavenging of low pressure fluid from said cells and a second inlet means circumferentially displaced from said first inlet means to allow the introduction of a high pressure fluid to said cells, said elements so connected that the pressure of the low pressure fluid is raised and the pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered in said cells during relative rotation of said elements, the improvement comprising further inlet means in said second element to introduce into a cell after it has been placed in communication with said low pressure scavenging zone and at a position where said cell is otherwise eliectively closed, an extraneous fluid at a pressure in excess of the pressure prevailing in said low pressure scavenging zone.
  • a pressure exchanger comprising a first and a second element mounted coaxially for relative rotation, said first element defining a series of open-ended cells extending therethrough, said second element including first inlet means to allow the introduction of a low pressure fluid into said cells, outlet means defining a low pressure scavenging zone to allow scavenging of low pressure fluid from said cells and a second inlet means circumferentially displaced from said first inlet means to allow the introduction of a high pressure fluid to said cells, said elements so connected that the pressure of the low pressure fluid is raised and the pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered in said cells during relative rotation of said elements, the improvement comprising further inlet means in said second element, said further inlet means defining a passage positioned in communication with said cells at a point where cells in communication with said passage are otherwise eflectively closed and circumferentially spaced from said low pressure scavenging zone so that a source of extraneous fluid at a pressure in excess of the pressure prevailing in the low pressure sca
  • a pressure exchanger combination comprising a first and a second element mounted coaxially for relative rotation, said first element defining a series of open-ended cells extending therethrough, said second element including first inlet means to allow the introduction of a low pressure fluid into said cells, outlet means defining a low pressure scavenging zone to allow scavenging of low pressure fluid from said cells and a second inlet means circumferentially displaced from said first inlet means to allow the introduction of a high pressure fluid to said cells, said elements so connected that the pressure of the low pressure fluid is raised and the pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered in said cells during relative rotation of said elements, extraction means communicating with said cells for withdrawing from a cell fluid at a relatively high pressure, expansion means for performing useful work operable by fluid withdrawn through said extraction means, and means to return a portion of the fluid from said expansion means to a cell of said cell ring in the vicinity of said low pressure scavenging zone and at a position where said cell is otherwise effectively closed, the pressure of said returned fluid being in
  • a pressure exchanger comprising a ring 01: ceils in each of which gas is compressed and expanded, heating means associated with cells containing gas undergoing compression, ducting to lead gas to and from the cells, part of the said ducting communicating with cells containing gas at a low pressure to constitute a low pressure scavenging zone, means to effect relative rotation between the cell-ring and the ducting, and passage defining means, forming part of the said, ducting, positioned in communication with the cell-ring in the vicinity of the said lowpressure scavenging zone and at a position where a cell registering with the said passage defining means is otherwise effectively closed and also positioned in communication with an extraneous source of gas at a pressure greater than that prevailing in the said low pressure scavenging zone.
  • Apressureexchanger comprising a ring of cells in each of which gas is compressed and expanded, heating means associated with cells containing gas undergoing compression, ducting to lead gas to and from the cells, part of the said ducting communicating with cells containing gas at a low pressure to constitute a low pressure scavenging zone, means to effect relative rotation between the cell-ring and the ducting, and passage defining means, forming part'of the said ducting, positioned in communication.
  • A" pressure exchanger comprising a ring of cells in each of which gas is compressed and expanded, heating means associated with cells containing gas undergoingcompression, ducting to lead gas to and from the cells, part of the said ducting communicating with cells containing gas at a low pressure to constitute a low pressure scavenging zone, means to effect relative rotation between the cell-ring and the ducting, and passage defining means, forming part of thesaid duct, positioned in communication with the cell-ring immediately after the said ducting of the low pressure scavenging zone in the direction of the said"relati've rotation, and at a position where a cell registering, with the said passage defining means is otherwise efiectively closed, and also positioned in communication with an extraneous source of gas at a pressure greater than that prevailing in the said low pressure scavengingz'one.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US286847A 1951-05-16 1952-05-08 Improvements in pressure exchanger scavenging Expired - Lifetime US2852915A (en)

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GB2852915X 1951-05-16

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US (1) US2852915A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH301912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1050019B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK78361C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2971343A (en) * 1955-03-24 1961-02-14 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchanger apparatus
US3002357A (en) * 1955-03-09 1961-10-03 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3082934A (en) * 1955-04-22 1963-03-26 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3091083A (en) * 1961-11-16 1963-05-28 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3120339A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-02-04 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Cycle for a wide speed and load range
US3120920A (en) * 1960-08-30 1964-02-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pocket combination for extension for speed and load range of awm supercharger
US3140928A (en) * 1964-07-14 Pressure exchanger heat pump
US3206107A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-09-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pocket combination for extension for speed and load range of awm supercharger
US3232520A (en) * 1962-05-17 1966-02-01 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Pressure exchangers
US5054284A (en) * 1989-03-17 1991-10-08 Sundstrand Corporation Combustion heated air turbine starter system
US5267432A (en) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration System and method for cancelling expansion waves in a wave rotor
US5916125A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-06-29 Allison Engine Company, Inc. Forced purge wave rotor
US6434943B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2002-08-20 George Washington University Pressure exchanging compressor-expander and methods of use
US6449939B1 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-09-17 Rolls-Royce Corporation Pulsed detonation engine wave rotor
USRE45396E1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2015-03-03 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Wave rotor apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1101685B (de) * 1955-03-09 1961-03-09 Dudley Brian Spalding Druckaustauscher mit mindestens zwei Zellenraedern
DE2948859A1 (de) * 1979-10-25 1981-05-07 BBC AG Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Mittels einer gasdynamischen druckwellenmaschine aufgeladene brennkraftmaschine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190608273A (en) * 1906-04-05 1907-03-14 Ludwik Knauff Improved Method of and Means for Converting the Internal Energy of Gases and Vapours into Mechanical Work and Vice Versa.
US2399394A (en) * 1940-12-07 1946-04-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pressure exchanger
US2461186A (en) * 1942-02-20 1949-02-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas turbine installation
US2513601A (en) * 1945-12-29 1950-07-04 Sulzer Ag Gas turbine plant
US2526618A (en) * 1946-07-29 1950-10-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pressure exchange apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190608273A (en) * 1906-04-05 1907-03-14 Ludwik Knauff Improved Method of and Means for Converting the Internal Energy of Gases and Vapours into Mechanical Work and Vice Versa.
US2399394A (en) * 1940-12-07 1946-04-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pressure exchanger
US2461186A (en) * 1942-02-20 1949-02-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas turbine installation
US2513601A (en) * 1945-12-29 1950-07-04 Sulzer Ag Gas turbine plant
US2526618A (en) * 1946-07-29 1950-10-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pressure exchange apparatus

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3140928A (en) * 1964-07-14 Pressure exchanger heat pump
US3002357A (en) * 1955-03-09 1961-10-03 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US2971343A (en) * 1955-03-24 1961-02-14 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchanger apparatus
US3082934A (en) * 1955-04-22 1963-03-26 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3120920A (en) * 1960-08-30 1964-02-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pocket combination for extension for speed and load range of awm supercharger
US3206107A (en) * 1961-08-22 1965-09-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Pocket combination for extension for speed and load range of awm supercharger
US3091083A (en) * 1961-11-16 1963-05-28 Spalding Dudley Brian Pressure exchangers
US3120339A (en) * 1962-05-07 1964-02-04 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Cycle for a wide speed and load range
US3232520A (en) * 1962-05-17 1966-02-01 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Pressure exchangers
US5054284A (en) * 1989-03-17 1991-10-08 Sundstrand Corporation Combustion heated air turbine starter system
US5267432A (en) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration System and method for cancelling expansion waves in a wave rotor
US5297384A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-03-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration Method for cancelling expansion waves in a wave rotor
US5916125A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-06-29 Allison Engine Company, Inc. Forced purge wave rotor
US6351934B2 (en) 1997-05-16 2002-03-05 Rolls-Royce Corporation Forced purge wave rotor
EP0983429A4 (en) * 1997-05-16 2002-08-28 Rolls Royce Corp PRESSURE SHAFT ROTOR WITH FORCED RINSE
US6449939B1 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-09-17 Rolls-Royce Corporation Pulsed detonation engine wave rotor
US6434943B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2002-08-20 George Washington University Pressure exchanging compressor-expander and methods of use
USRE45396E1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2015-03-03 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Wave rotor apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
DE1050019B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1959-02-05
DK78361C (da) 1954-11-01
CH301912A (de) 1954-09-30

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